As a Hyderabadi, the month of Ramadan is something I always look forward to. Sure it is an auspicious and a significant time of the year for Muslims across the globe, but this holy month is a little bit more special for both residents and visitors of Hyderabad – thanks to the midnight bazaars at Charminar, lavish Iftar parties and most importantly, the iconic Haleem. Yes, the Haleem! It is what most Hyderabadis look forward to, without any kind of biases or prejudices. After all, it is one of the archetypal culinary delicacies of the city.
I still remember the first time I tasted Haleem at one of the Pista House joints – the perfectly cooked, heavily spiced stew made of pounded chicken and lentils with lots of ghee added atop! The spoonful of Haleem just melted into my mouth while its divine taste still lingered in the taste buds for a long time. Since then, as Ramadan approached each year, I waited for the Haleem joints placed in the nook and cranny of the city to open. And I believe that many others like me do so, too.
The Journey of Haleem
Haleem was originally a native to the Arab cuisine, but was introduced to Hyderabad by the Arab diaspora during Nizam rule. Like the authentic Hyderabadi Biryani and several other traditional recipes, Arab Haleem was also exposed to the local culinary style and was infused with a number of local spices, thus obtaining a unique taste. Unlike in many Muslim regions, Hyderabadi Haleem is prepared with a variety of lentils, meat, and spices which are pounded together and cooked on a low flame for about 12 hours. The ingredients and preparation method used here are somewhat similar to the Haleem made in Karachi, Pakistan. However, the local spices give the Hyderabadi version a peculiar taste and flavor.
An important hors d’oeuvre at Ramadan Iftar parties and Muslim weddings, Hyderabadi Haleem is often considered as an international delicacy craved by many a man. The dish is so popular with people that it managed to become the first Indian meat dish to be rewarded with a Geographical Indication status by the GI registry office of India.
It should not come to one as a surprise when the month of Ramadan is synonymized with Haleem in Hyderabad and surrounding places. The city attracts a lot of visitors who wish to savour the delicacy during this holy month. Haleem tourists, as they are fondly called, visit the famous Haleem taverns and gorge on various types of Haleem available to choose from their chalkboard-written menus. Though most of the places predominantly sell Haleem prepared with chicken, mutton and beef, other variants of Haleem are also available, like the ones made with fish, emu bird, and assorted vegetables.
Figures shows that 800 crore rupees worth Haleem was sold in Hyderabad during the Ramadan month in 2020. More than 7000 Haleem taverns were set up in the city and about 28% of the production was packed and exported to more than 50 countries across the globe. Well, that’s nothing but the sheer magic of this ambrosial delicacy.
Have you tasted the iconic Hyderabadi Haleem yet? If not, this is the perfect time. Make haste and head down to one of those delectable Haleem eateries in the city before Ramadan month ends. Of course, there are some places that stay open for a few days after the festival and a couple of roadside joints at King Koti sell traditional Haleem all year round. However, the true taste of this exquisite dish can only be experienced during the days of Holy Ramadan.
Here is a recipe of Hyderabadi Haleem if you prefer to make it at home.
Metals are usually associated with hardness, sturdiness and solid utility. The use of metals brings to mind construction, large industries and a sense of formidable resistance. But metals are malleable, which means they can be shaped, pressed or hammered without breaking or even cracking.
This quality of metals makes it craftsman’s delight. And hence Indian metal crafts are popular all over the world. Quite contrary to their sturdy image, metal craft in India exude a combination of style, artistry, as well as, dependability.
Metal crafts in India date back to the Indus Valley Civilization. The discovery of the Dancing Girl sealed the fact that people of the sub-continent region were masters at moulding metal since long. The legacy of metal works is seen till date in bronze statues of the Chola kingdom or the iron pillar at Mehrauli in Delhi made during Ashoka’s time.
Dancing Girl Statue for Indus Valley Civilisation
But though the metal crafts of India have been an intrinsic part of the Indian artists and sculptures they have also served their purpose in utilitarian and practical usages. On one hand metals have been widely used to create mythological figures and deities, whereas, on the other, metal pots, pans, frames, locks, key chains etc. are also very common in our cultures. There are large variants of how metals are handled and what they finally turn out to be.
Types of Metal Crafts of Indian
Before we move on, a quick look at the different types of metal crafts is required. The art of working on the metals also means infusing it with other objects.
Bronze Statue of Nataraja from Chola Period – Wikimedia
Enameling for example is when a glass substance is fused with metal at high temperatures. A blacksmith shapes the iron to create objects including sculptures, weapons, gates etc. A tinsmith creates utensils out of metal, whereas, a silversmith makes fine items from the silver metal. Where a coppersmith creates objects out of copper and brass, a goldsmith forms valuable designs and objects with gold.
Indian Metal Arts
There are various uses of metal. But when it comes to recognizing metal arts, there are a few distinct centers in India that are known for their regional metal crafts.
The most popular is the Bidri ware of Andhra Pradesh. Using zinc and copper first and then overlaying the grooves with silver and gold designs make the Bidri metal art a unique and stunning artistic device. Originating from the town of Bidar, Karnataka the inlaid work of the metal ware is its biggest attraction.
2. Pembharti
Pembharti found in the Warangal district in Telangana is popular for its sheet metal art. Used extensively during the Kakatiyas Empire, this form of art was used in chariots and in temples. Using brass the art is today used on vases, containers and plaques.
3. Dhokra
Dhokra is the technique of using lost-wax casting and the Dancing Girl from Mohenjo Daro is the earliest statue that exists made using this technique. Well-known today, the Dhokra metal craft is most practiced in Andhra Pradesh, Odisha and Madhya Pradesh. The statues are made usually from bronze scrap but the interiors are filled with clay. A variety of statues, ranging from figures of horses, elephants, owls, peacocks to religious motifs are made using this form of metal craft.
Kamrupi metal craft is practiced in Kamrup, Assam. Made from brass and bell metal the items produced by this metal craft are pots or kalah, the sarai, lota (water pot), bati (bowl), cymbals and more. The craft also uses copper, silver and gold to create objects. A lot of metal crafts from Kamrup are displayed in State Museum in Guwahati.
5. Moradabad
Moradabad in Uttar Pradesh is famous for a range of household items made from brass. The items are also widely decorated with intrinsic designs. Similarly, Varanasi is where cast sculptures of deities, as well as household utensils are made using copper and brass.
6. Jaipur Metal Craft
Jaipur is the center for lacquering and brass engravings in Rajasthan. Beautiful designs are embossed on the glossy surface of the pots, plates, boxes etc. It is also well-known for bronze sculptures and Koftagiri, which is the art of encrusting one metal with another.
Metal Craft in Other States of India
The Ladakh region has its own traditional vessels made from brass and iron, whereas, the Kashmir region is also popular for the naquashi work. Here the designs and patterns that are embossed on silver and copper items are oxidized.
Naqashi Art kashmir
Bronze statues of Jain deities are famous in Palitana, Gujarat, whereas, in Tamil Nadu brassware items include lamps and other traditional objects used for religious functions.
The Silver filigree work of Odisha and Andhra is made using thin silver wires to create animals and bird pieces. Key chains, trays and other decorative items are also made using this form of metal craft.
Tamil Nadu Brass Art
Metal crafts of India are wide spread with artisans specializing in the art of their respective regions. Different types of metal crafts are popular in different parts of the country.
Next time you look at a metal craft, even if it is a vessel or items that are used daily in mundane activities, note that it takes artistic skill to mold and shape a solid metal into a beautiful piece.
Police officers are a symbol of law and order, and they have the important responsibility of maintaining peace and security in our communities. Their uniforms are a significant part of their identity and serve to distinguish them from the general public. During the summer months, police officers wear a specific uniform that is designed to provide them with comfort and protection from the heat.
The summer uniform of the police typically consists of a short-sleeved shirt and shorts. The shirt is usually made of lightweight, breathable fabric, such as cotton or polyester, to help officers stay cool in the summer heat. The color of the shirt varies depending on the department, but most police departments use light-colored shirts to reflect the sun’s rays and keep the officers cooler. Some departments also have logos or badges embroidered on the shirts to identify the officer’s rank and department.
The shorts worn by police officers in the summer are also made of lightweight, breathable fabric, such as cotton or polyester. They are designed to be comfortable and allow officers to move freely while on duty. The length of the shorts varies depending on the department’s regulations, but they are typically above the knee.
In addition to the shirt and shorts, police officers also wear a variety of accessories to complete their summer uniform. These accessories include a duty belt, which holds the officer’s firearm, handcuffs, baton, and other police equipment. The duty belt is designed to be comfortable and provide easy access to the officer’s tools when they are needed.
Another essential accessory worn by police officers in the summer is a hat. The hat is designed to protect the officer’s head from the sun and keep them cool. Many police departments require officers to wear a specific type of hat, such as a baseball cap or a wide-brimmed hat.
Lastly, police officers wear comfortable and supportive shoes designed for their work environment. The shoes are typically black or brown and made of durable materials that can withstand the demands of the job.
In conclusion, the summer uniform of the police is designed to provide officers with comfort and protection from the heat. The uniform typically consists of a short-sleeved shirt and shorts made of lightweight, breathable fabric, a duty belt, a hat, and comfortable shoes. While the uniform may vary slightly depending on the department’s regulations, the overall goal is to provide officers with a comfortable and functional uniform that allows them to perform their duties effectively.
In the land of lovely meadows and warm-hearted people, culture of Punjab is known for its diversity. The state that enjoys the beauty of five babbling rivers welcomes travelers to enjoy its allure. Festivals are a splendid opportunity to get a sense of what this lovely state is all about. A festival is a symbolic event in which people display their aims, ideals, and true selves. Punjab’s liveliness is evident through the vibrant festivals it celebrates. Here are some of the top festivals of Punjab to attend:
Lohri is a Punjabi festival that celebrates the end of a severely cold winter by welcoming in longer and warmer days. It’s also a community event, with a large number of families gathered around a single bonfire, which symbolizes fertility and generates warmth among community members. People chant songs and throw popcorn, peanuts, and other fertility symbols into the fire while they move in circles around the bonfire. For dinner, traditional Punjabi cuisine and local delicacies are prepared and presented. It’s also a community event, with a large number of families gathered around a single bonfire.
Basant Panchami is a colorful festival that commemorates the arrival of spring. The fields of Punjab are flooded with a golden sea of mustard flowers, providing the perfect backdrop for Basant Panchami. The state of Punjab is awash in mustard yellow, a color associated with the blooming of mustard flowers. Kites are also flown to commemorate the festival, and the sky is awash in vibrant and liberating kites.
Hola Mohalla is a three-day event in Punjab that takes place after Holi, the festival of colors. This event is conducted in Anandpur Sahib and is a custom started by Guru Gobind Singh in the 1700s. The Nihang Sikhs put on demonstrations of bravery and military prowess incorporating traditional battle techniques and animals as part of the celebrations. Thousands of Sikhs attend this festival, which is a significant cultural event for them. Many remarkable accomplishments, like sword fencing, archery, and horseback riding, are displayed throughout the event. The ceremony ultimately results in a procession in which the panj pyaras wear traditional blue and saffron attire.
Baisakhi is a traditional harvest celebration in Punjab. Guru Teg Bahadur’s demise is commemorated on this day. The occasion is also used to commemorate the harvest of the winter crop, rabi. Throughout Punjab, many fairs and processions are held, encouraging everyone to join in the festivities. The entire state is illuminated in honor of Baisakhi, causing everyone to be ecstatic.
The Sikh community’s most important festival, the different Gurupurabs, are a matter of holiness, spirituality, and jubilation for the Sikhs. They commemorate the anniversaries of the Sikh Gurus’ births or martyrdoms. A religious procession, in which sacred songs are chanted, begins and ends the festival. The Guru Granth Sahib, the Sikhs’ holy scripture, is read aloud during the celebration. People go to gurdwaras to seek blessings, pray, and eat langar, which is sweet and holy.
Teeyan, or Punjabi Teej, is a women’s traditional celebration that marks the start of the monsoon season. Teeyan runs for thirteen days, beginning on the third day of Saawan Maas and ending on Saawan Purnima. Every married woman was required to spend the whole Sawan month at her parental home. Teeyan has traditionally been linked with monsoon swings and giddha. Girls and women would bind swings to trees and perform Giddha, a traditional dancing form. Teeyan has gradually devolved into ladies fasting on the Saawan full moon day and later enjoying a well-prepared meal.
Bhai Dooj is a religious holiday held on the second day of Shukla Paksha in Kartik maas, with several regional names such as Bhau beej, Bhai Tika, and so on. This festival’s customs are similar to those of Raksha Bandhan. The festival takes place all over North India, including Punjab. Bhai Dooj is all about delicious sweets and family time, and it celebrates the brother-sister bond. The sister conducts aarti and tika on her boys’ foreheads as part of their ritual. The sister then ties the kalawa around her brother’s wrist, recalling their previous promises to keep her safe. As part of the celebration, special desserts and meals are provided. Another bead in the thread of festivals is Bhai Dooj, which happens on the second day after Diwali.
The Chappar Mela is an annual fair held in the Punjabi village of Chappar, in the district of Ludhiana. This mela celebrates the arrival of the famed Gugga Pir or ‘Snake God,’ a local folk figure. Chappar mela has been an annual event for the inhabitants of the Malwa belt for over 150 years, taking place on the fourth day of Bhadas maas (September). Chappar mela, which began as a tiny gathering, has grown to draw millions of individuals who believe in Gugga Pir.
The Shaheedi Sabha, also known as the Shaheedi Jor Mela, is a three-day religious gathering (congregation). Every year in December, it is held at Gurdwara Fatehgarh Sahib in Punjab’s Fatehgarh Sahib area. Sikhs gather to commemorate the martyrdom of Sahibzaade Baba Zorawar Singh and Baba Fateh Singh, the youngest sons of Guru Gobind Singh Ji, the tenth guru of the Sikh religion. Both of these intrepid souls, as well as Guru Gobind Singh’s mother, Mata Gujri, were imprisoned and compelled to convert to Islam, which they abhorrently refused. This prompted Wazir Khan, the governor of Zirhind, to bury them alive. They gave their life and
Bananas are a popular fruit in India, and the country is one of the largest producers of bananas in the world. The cultivation of bananas in India dates back to ancient times, and it is believed that the country is home to over 50 different varieties of bananas.
Bananas are a staple food in many parts of India and are consumed both as a ripe fruit and as a cooking ingredient. The fruit is rich in fiber, vitamins, and minerals, and is also a good source of energy.
In addition to being eaten fresh, bananas are also used in a variety of Indian dishes. They are used to make desserts like banana halwa and banana kheer, and are also used in savory dishes like banana chips, curry, and sambar. In some parts of the country, the leaves of the banana plant are also used to wrap and cook food.
Bananas are grown in many parts of India, with the southern states of Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka being some of the largest producers of bananas. However, bananas are also grown in other parts of the country, including Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, and West Bengal.
In Kerala, bananas are one of the major crops and are grown in almost every district of the state. The Nendran variety of bananas is a popular variety in Kerala, and it is used in making banana chips and other traditional dishes.
In Tamil Nadu, bananas are grown in the districts of Coimbatore, Madurai, and Salem. The Cavendish variety is a popular variety in Tamil Nadu, and it is often used for making desserts and smoothies.
In Karnataka, bananas are grown in the districts of Chikkaballapur, Kolar, and Hassan. The state is also known for its production of the Yelakki variety of bananas, which is a small and sweet variety that is often eaten as a snack.
Below we take a deeper look at the different types of bananas in India:
Cavendish bananas are grown in India, particularly in the southern states of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh. The bananas are typically grown in small farms and plantations, with many farmers growing a mix of both Cavendish and other banana varieties.
The Cavendish banana is a popular variety in India and is widely consumed both as a fresh fruit and as an ingredient in various dishes. In particular, the banana is often used in desserts, such as banana bread, banana pudding, and banana smoothies.
The cultivation of Cavendish bananas in India faces a number of challenges, including diseases such as Panama disease, which can devastate banana crops. To address this issue, farmers are encouraged to use disease-resistant varieties and follow good agricultural practices to prevent the spread of disease.
Robusta bananas are a variety of banana that is grown in India, particularly in the southern states of Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka. This variety is also known as Nendran or Ney Poovan, and is a popular variety for both local consumption and export.
Robusta bananas are a type of plantain, which means they are typically larger and less sweet than other varieties of bananas. They have a thick skin that turns black when fully ripe, and the flesh is starchy and slightly sweet. Robusta bananas are often used in cooking and are a popular ingredient in South Indian cuisine. In Kerala, Robusta bananas are a major crop and are grown in almost every district of the state. They are often used to make traditional dishes such as banana chips, banana halwa, and banana fritters. In Tamil Nadu, the Robusta banana is a popular variety for making desserts and smoothies, and is also used in cooking savory dishes such as curries.
Monthan bananas, also known as Mysore bananas, are a popular variety of banana in India. Monthan bananas are a large variety of banana, with a thick skin that turns yellow when ripe. The flesh of the banana is firm and creamy, with a sweet flavour that is less sweet than some other varieties. These bananas are often used in cooking, particularly in South Indian cuisine, and are a popular ingredient in dishes such as banana chips, banana bajji, banana halwa, and banana dosa.
In addition to their culinary uses, Monthan bananas are also used in traditional medicine in India. They are believed to have several health benefits, including helping to regulate digestion and reduce inflammation.
Bhim kol (musa balbisiana colla) is an Assamese native banana variety. This seeded banana has various advantages and makes wonderful baby food. In Assam, some newborns are given deseeded and mashed bhim kol combined with rice flour and milk, or simply milk. Even now, some Assamese people eat bhim kol combined with rice flour or xandoh for breakfast. When one or two ripe bananas are mashed and steeped in two glasses of water overnight and drunk the next morning, bhim kol functions as a free health tonic. The name “juroni” refers to this tonic. Bhim kol is claimed to significantly enhance immunity.
Most importantly, no part of this banana is wasted – the stem (posola) and flower (koldil) are eaten as vegetables, the skin and roots are used to make “kolakhar,” and the leaves are used to make “patot diya” delicacies – wrapped in bhim kol leaves, fish, chicken, or vegetables are smoked or steamed. Banana blossoms contain high levels of calcium and iron. Kolakhar was once used as a detergent for washing clothing and shampoo for washing hair.
Red bananas are smaller than yellow cavendish bananas, with a shorter length, broader diameter, and a curved to straight form with a few angular ridges along the length of the fruit. The peel of the banana is thick, firm, and smooth, and it ripens from green to variegated shades of red-orange, bright red, dark red, yellow, and maroon. The colour of the peel will vary according to the antioxidant content of the fruit, and the matte peel may have a few flaws from being nicked and banged during harvest and transportation. The skin will grow many dark patches as the fruit ripens, indicating ripeness. As the peel is peeled away, the flesh displays a yellow-orange, white, to light pink flesh with a delicious and sweet scent.While fresh, the flesh is dry, chalky, and unappealing; however, as the banana ripens, the flesh softens and becomes creamy, soft, thick, and tender. Red bananas have a mellow, sweet, and earthy flavour with tropical, fruity undertones similar to raspberries and mangoes.
Rasthali Banana, also known as Silk Banana, is a popular variety of banana that is primarily grown in the southern Indian states of Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Andhra Pradesh. It is a medium-sized banana that is known for its soft and creamy texture and sweet flavor. Rasthali bananas have a bright yellow skin that is thin and easy to peel. The flesh of the fruit is white and has a creamy, tender texture that is similar to silk, hence the name “Silk Banana.” The flavor of the banana is sweet and has a mild aroma that is reminiscent of vanilla.
These bananas are commonly eaten as a snack when fully ripe or used in cooking, particularly in South Indian cuisine. Rasthali bananas are considered to be a healthy food choice, as they are high in fiber, vitamins, and minerals. They are also believed to have several health benefits, such as improving digestion and boosting the immune system.
People prefer big, yellow, somewhat ripe bananas; yet, one may have come across little and dwarf sized bananas that are sweeter and more expensive. In Mumbai, this type is known as Elaichi Banana, in Bengaluru as Yelakki, and in Bihar as Chinia. Small-Sized Delights In Kannada and Hindi, Yelakki and Elaichi signify cardamom, respectively, while Chinia signifies little. Contrary to popular belief, the name Elaichi or Yelakki was given to these bananas due to their tiny size rather than their flavour. They taste similar to ordinary bananas but are sweeter and not even the size of a hand.
The word on the street is that if you’re looking for a good time, you should go to the movies. They have a natural flavour, are fragrant, and sweet. They are commonly used to produce ‘Pua,’ a sweet snack. If ripe, these little bananas are highly sweet and can be used to make sweets, while raw bananas are used to make savoury meals. These little bananas are rich in Vitamin C and full of potassium which makes them a great post-workout snack. They are handy and tasty, but they are also high in healthy carbs. Locally grown elaichi bananas tend to be more healthy and tasty too.
Malbhog bananas are a variety of banana that is primarily grown in the northeastern Indian state of Assam. They are small to medium-sized bananas with slightly curved yellowish-green skin that turns yellow when fully ripe.
Malbhog bananas are known for their sweet, creamy flesh and distinct aroma. They are an important ingredient in many traditional Assamese sweets, such as pithas (rice cakes) and doi-jolpan (yogurt with puffed rice), as well as other desserts and snacks. In addition to their culinary uses, Malbhog bananas are also believed to have several health benefits. They are a good source of fiber, vitamins, and minerals, and are believed to aid in digestion, boost immunity, and promote heart health.
Malbhog bananas are typically grown in the districts of Nagaon, Darrang, and Sonitpur in Assam. They are an important crop for many farmers in the region, and are often grown in small-scale, family-run farms. The cultivation of Malbhog bananas is an important part of the economy of Assam, and helps to support many rural communities in the state. Malbhog bananas are a delicious and nutritious variety of banana that is an important part of Assamese cuisine and culture. Their unique flavor and aroma make them a prized ingredient in many dishes, and their health benefits make them a healthy food choice.
Final Thoughts
India is home to a wide variety of bananas, each with its own unique flavor, texture, and culinary uses. From the popular Cavendish and Robusta bananas to the lesser-known varieties such asBhim Kol, and Malbhog, there are many different types of bananas grown in different regions of the country. India’s diverse climate and soil conditions make it an ideal place for growing bananas, with the majority of bananas grown in the southern states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Karnataka. Banana cultivation is an important source of income for many farmers in India and plays a significant role in the country’s economy. The wide range of bananas grown in India reflects the country’s rich biodiversity and cultural diversity. The different varieties of bananas provide a valuable source of nutrition and flavor, making them an integral part of India’s food and agricultural landscape.
Andhra Pradesh is a magnet attracting people from all walks of life and people from all around the globe. Thousands of people visit the state of Jasmines, Andhra Pradesh, each year to explore the distinct culture of Andhra Pradesh. Festivals are the symbols to understand one’s culture. The festivals of Andhra Pradesh are lavish and would not fail in giving you chills of excitement. Here is a list of the eight most famous festivals of Andhra Pradesh.
Pongal, or what you might know as Makar Sakranti, is one of the most famous festivals in the state. It is a harvest festival and observes the inception of the harvesting season. Although the festival is famous all over the country, the people of Andhra Pradesh celebrate it uniquely.
In Andhra Pradesh, people dress up as ancient mythological characters on the occasion of Pongal. Pongal is a four-day event where the first day observes the Bhogi Panduga, the second day is the Pedda Panuga, the third is the Mattu Pongal, and the last is the Kanuma Panduga. And how can we miss the delicious feast and sweet rice Pongal of the Festival?
In Andhra Pradesh, people celebrate Ugadi as New Year’s Day. Locally, people call it Gudi Padwa. It is a festival based on the lunisolar calendar. You can be part of this festival at the end of March or the beginning of April. And as we know that festivals in India are incomplete without mouth-watering dishes, on Ugadi too, people make lots of tasty sweets. Puran Poli and Bhakshya are ritual sweets of the festival. The most astonishing part of the festival is the making of banana leaves garland. People in Andhra Pradesh make banana leaves garlands for hanging them on their doors.
Other than Andhra Pradesh, Southern states, including Telangana and Karnataka, also celebrate the festival with utmost enthusiasm.
The Deccan festival is the most exuberant Festival of Andhra Pradesh, and you would witness the five-day-long festival celebrated most astonishingly. This festival is different from the traditional festivals of the state, as the festival is about art, cuisine, and culture rather than mythology and religion.
The best part about the Deccan festival is the local fairs and exhibitions that you would see at several places all over the state. The nights spent with cultural programs, dance performances, and poetry sessions complete the festival and the festive vibe of the festival.
The Lumbini festival is a Buddhist festival. The Department of Tourism of the State Government of Andhra Pradesh is responsible for organizing the festival. The festival aims at reviving the knowledge about the significance of Buddhism in the medieval history of Andhra Pradesh. The main objective is to promote and highlight the Buddhist culture in the state.
The festival goes on for three days in December and is now one of the greatest and most famous festivals in Andhra Pradesh. Many tourists visit Andhra Pradesh in December to be a part of this joyous festival.
Vinayaka Chaturthi, also known as Ganesha Chaturthi in Maharashtra, is the most vibrant festival of Andhra Pradesh and the country. In Andhra Pradesh, people celebrate the Chaturthi or the birthday of Lord Ganesha by worshipping the god with leaves, flowers, sandal paste, vermilion, and kheer. The festival culminates with the immersion of the idol of Lord Ganesha in the lake.
Rayalaseema Food and Dance Festival
The Rayalaseema Food and Dance Festival is the most significant Art Mela in the state. The people of Andhra Pradesh encapsulate in traditional and religious festivals and cultural festivals aiming at the promotion of art and culture. The Rayalaseema Food and Dance Festival is a living example of this. The festival stands dedicated to art and crafts, food, and cultural dances. The people organize this festival during the festive month of October in the region Rayalaseema.
Visakha Utsav is a cultural festival of South India, and the festival is neither mythology-based nor traditional. The state government of Andhra Pradesh organizes the Visakha Utsaveach year at the end of December, and the four-day festival event was first organized in 1997.
You can not miss this Festival in Andhra Pradesh. It is a hub of all cultural ties up in the state. You would witness many cultural events, including sports events, traditional crafts, shows, garment exhibitions, flower shops, and heritage tours. There is no chance of facing boredom. If you are an admirer of cultural beauty, you have to attend the Visakha Utsav.
Brahmotsavam or the Tirupati Tirumala Brahmotsavam is a Hindu festival. The only temple where you would see the celebration of this festival is at the Tirumala Venkateswara temple. The nine-day festival dedicated to the sole worship of Lord Brahma forms the first religious festival in the state of Andhra Pradesh. To become a part of this eventful ceremony, you would have to plan your trip to Andhra Pradesh in October. The last day of the festival, the ninth day, is extraordinary and the most interesting one. On the last day, there is a display of bliss scenes of the procession of Lord Venkateshwara passing by various streets. This goes on till midnight.
This completes our list of festivals of Andhra Pradesh. The state is culturally rich, and this unique aspect of walking on the road of culture, heritage, and mythology together is visible only in Andhra Pradesh. Many festivals of Andhra Pradesh find their origin or base from the mythological legends, others from religious traditions, and the most recent ones developed as a part of the promotion of state tourism. The festivals in the state attract thousands of visitors each year and serve as a great way to display the state’s eclectic, vibrant and joyous culture.
The Indian subcontinent is a place of unimaginable diversity. There have been different art and craft forms that evolved from this region, one of which is the craft of making Tholu bommalu or leather puppet in the southern Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. However, this craft is unique because it is intrinsically linked with an ancient form of entertainment- Tholu Bommalata- or the dance of leather puppets.
Tholubommalata is a shadow puppet tradition from Andhra Pradesh, known for its roots in traditional tales and folklore. The art of making these puppets is a difficult craft, and an art in itself. The unique beauty of Tholubommalata comes from the fact that it is the same community that make these puppets and the same community that gained such acclaim for entertaining millions of people over millennia.Tholubommalata is so special because it encompasses two very different arts- crafting leather puppets and the painstaking skill of puppeteering, both intimately interdependent.
The tradition of making Tholu bommalu and the practice of Tholubommalata is believed to have originated in about the second century BC during Satavahana rule in Andhra Pradesh. The community of puppet makers consists mostly of people of the Balija community from Maharashtra who migrated to Andhra Pradesh. The same community also put up puppet shows, each of them acting as the voices for different characters. The puppeteers/ puppet makers travelled from one village to another, setting up temporary theatres to entertain and educate people through their puppet shows.The puppets were usually mounted in the centre on a palm stick, with strings tied to the limbs to control their movements. A single puppeteer would control all the movements of the puppet, and give it its voice as well. The puppets would be controlled behind a nearly transparent screen, with light shining from behind to cast the colourful shadows of the puppets on the screens.
Music would be played on the side for dramatic effects, and every few minutes, there would be some sort of comic relief, either in the form of exaggerated movements of the puppets or an eccentric manner of speech to convey these values in a memorable and entertaining manner. Tholubommalata was for all strata of society, and for all ages, with entire villages excitedly leaving their homes for the evening to watch the annual show of the travelling artistes. It was once said that the places chosen by the artists to put up a show would experience days of bountiful rain and prosperity.
This tradition continued and maintained its popularity for a long time, through the ancient and mediaeval ages. However, it truly came under the limelight and reached the pinnacle of its renown and popularity under the Vijayanagara empire, when it came under royal patronage. Under the Vijayanagara empire, it was so renowned that a version of the Ramayana called ‘Ramayana Ranganatham’, is believed to have been composed exclusively for a portrayal of Ramayana through the art of puppetry.
Today, the puppets are made by the same community, with each generation inheriting the knowledge of crafting and entertaining with leather puppetry from their senior generations. The community has assimilated into the Telugu state from its original Marathi origins, with Nimmalakunta in Ananthapuram, Narasaraopet in Guntur and D.C. Palle in Nellore districts of Andhra Pradesh being considered the main centres of leather puppet craftsmen now.
The process of making these leather puppets is a time-taking and laborious one- it usually takes more than a month. Traditionally, artisans first pick up goat hide from the local meat markets. Then, through a long and labour-intensive process of cleaning and curing, they convert the hide into parchment. This process includes soaking the hide in lime water for ten days, followed by cleaning. The leather is, once again, soaked in water mixed with kadaka powder, a vegetable based natural dye that imparts a light brown hue to the leather. Then, the artisans must allow the leather to dry out for perhaps a week or more.
After the parchment is ready, the artisans trace out the shapes of the soon-to-be puppets with chalk on the parchment and cut out the outline. The shapes generally are those of characters from Indian epics like the Mahabharata or the Ramayana and Indian Mythology in general, because Tholubommalata revolves around these stories- stories of Indian mythology with life and moral lessons, meant to entertain and educate at the same time.
Once the outline is made, the artisans cut out holes in the puppet, this is to make light pass through it, giving it a certain sparkle during the performances. These holes are usually intricate little patterns that look like windows or flowers. Following this, the artisans draw the outline of the figure to be painted with black ink using sharpened bamboo reeds. This forms the outline of the character of what is to be the puppet.
Subsequently, the puppets are painted with vibrant colours traditionally derived from natural dyes, so that the light during the puppet shows don’t overshadow the colours of the Tholu Bomma; instead the vibrant colours just make the puppets look brighter and more beautiful when light shines against them. This process requires a great deal of precision and takes a lot of time. Once it is finished, the artists draw the outline and details in black ink again, to emphasise the details that might have been lost in the process of painting. This is the long, laborious process of making one Tholu bomma.
In modern India, this beautiful and difficult craft and performing art has not gone unrecognised. In 2008, Tholubommalu were given a GI, or a Geographical indication tag, implying that it cannot be manufactured or performed anywhere outside Andhra by people other than Andhraites. Craftsmen committed to preserving and popularising this ancient craft in the age of globalisation have also individually recognised at the National level. In 2020, master craftsman Mr D Chalapathi Rao from Nimmalakunta village received the Padma Shri award from the then President, Ramnath Kovind, for his efforts to preserve the craft. His entire family is involved in making Tholu bommalu and Tholu bommalata- his relative, Mr Sinde Sriramulu, also received a national award for the same.
Despite the accolades and recognition, all is not rosy for these craftsmen and artists. With the rise of modern entertainment media like television and mobile phones, few people are interested in Tholu bommalata now. As a result, craftsmen are now resorting to making commercial products like lampshades and wall hangings to practise their traditional occupation of leather crafts in some way- few craftsmen make Tholu bommalu themselves now, since they see few buyers. The younger generations in the community of the craftsmen are disinterested in the craft, or are being discouraged from practising it, being told to look for something more lucrative instead.
Tholubommalata is a craft that epitomises the beauty of the arts, crafts and culture of India. It represents not only centuries of craftsmanship, but a tradition of performing arts that helped propagate our culture and values for millenia. In this growing age of globalisation and consequently, homogeneity, awareness regarding the significance of crafts like Tholubommalata is necessary to help the common populace recognise the fact that it is arts, crafts and cultural enterprises like this is what makes our respective regions and cultures unique in an increasingly uniform world.
It all starts with a single stretch – Image Credit – Ketut Subiyanto
Tai Chi, Pilates, and yoga are all effective low-impact workouts that concentrate on strengthening your core and improving your balance. These activities can be performed by anybody, regardless of age or skill level, and they have several positive effects on one’s health.
In this article, we will discuss these meditation workouts that will help aid your mind and body alike. Each workout type will be described according to its style and form. Then, we shall conclude by going over their differences.
Yoga
Slow breathing while in stretched position in yoga exercises – Image Credit – FreePik
There are a lot of different styles and forms of yoga. One of the most well-known approaches is called Hatha, meaning ‘force’. This approach has various components that relate to the body.
Hatha yoga emphasizes movement and is less of a quiet and contemplative practice. It relies on breath control exercises (pranayamas). After this, there will be a sequence of yoga poses (asanas), and the practice will conclude with a resting period (savasana).
During your yoga practice, you should exert yourself physically, but you should never feel overwhelmed by the experience. When you reach this “edge”, your attention shifts to your breath and your mind becomes accepting and at ease.
Main Components
There is a wide variety of types of yoga, each of which emphasizes a distinct idea or way of thinking. Each of these varieties of yoga also emphasizes a different set of postures and areas of emphasis.
Although the actual practice of yoga covers a vast amount of ground and is quite in-depth, yoga is primarily concerned with the following aspects:
Position and posture of the body
Breathing
Meditation or a certain frame of mind
Benefits
Everyone, regardless of age or fitness level, may improve their physical and mental health by practicing yoga.
The health benefits of yoga include:
Strength, balance, and flexibility are all improved
Back discomfort may be alleviated
Yoga alleviates symptoms of arthritis
There is some evidence that yoga is good for the heart
Sleeping at night is better since it helps one to calm down
Increased vitality and improved moods
Better stress management and lower blood pressure
You will find a welcoming and encouraging community
In addition, if you are currently dealing with an illness, are recovering from surgery, or are a patient living with a chronic condition, you can incorporate yoga into your treatment plan to aid your recovery.
Numerous studies have shown that yoga may be beneficial for different conditions, including oncology, osteopenia, challenges with balance, women’s health, arthritis, and chronic pain, to name a few.
Due to the scientific evidence of yoga’s benefits to health care, several significant institutions, including the United States Armed Forces and the National Institutes of Health, are incorporating it into their practice.
Pilates
Routines in Pilates can be done with or without machines – Image Credit – Pexels
Routines in Pilates can be done with or without machines – [Image Credit – FreePik]
Pilates is focused on the improvement of overall fitness, aerobic condition, and health while also working to strengthen the whole body. Its routines may be practiced on a mat like yoga, but usually, resistance devices are utilized to improve strength.
Benefits
Health benefits of Pilates exercises include better posture, muscular toning, and enhanced mobility and balance. There is also proof that Pilates may be useful for alleviating back pain since using equipment enables the individual to exercise with back support.
Pilates is largely regarded as a safe and helpful type of exercise, despite having a plethora of movements with a wide range of motion. For this reason, many people are scared of trying it out the first time, but it is appropriate for beginners too.
The health benefits of Pilates include:
Strengthening of the core
Improvement of posture
Reduces back discomfort
Provides an energy boost
Helps you be more fit
Relieves stress
Relieves pain during menstruation cycles
Enhanced flexibility and mobility
Makes you more resistant to illness
Better cognitive performance
May increase motivation
Improves athletic performance
Improves sexual life
Strengthens bones
Effective mood enhancer
Provides better sleep
Tai Chi
The martial art-like movement of Tai Chi – Image Credit – Hebert Santos
Tai Chi is sometimes referred to as meditation in action, but a more appropriate name for the practice is medicine in motion.
There is an increasing amount of research suggesting that this mind-body activity, whose roots came from Chinese martial arts, may be beneficial in the treatment and prevention of a wide variety of health issues.
You may begin with its routines even though you aren’t in an ideal form or health, at the moment. It is the easiest exercise for beginners since it does not require a lot of cardio background and a prerequisite body weight.
Erien Fryer, a Qi Gong-certified teacher states, “Tai Chi Qi Gong can be extremely beneficial for individuals who have experienced trauma and find static positions triggering. The slow gentle movements with deep diaphragmatic breathing assist in the facilitation of neuro-regulation of the parasympathetic nervous system and optimal flow of Qi (Chi)”.
Benefits
Practicing Tai Chi has numerous benefits, both physical and mental. Tai Chi has been linked to a reducing symptoms of anxiety and sadness, as well as an increasing cognitive performance.
It is also possible that it may assist you in managing the symptoms of some chronic disorders, such as fibromyalgia or COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease).
Tai Chi also has the following health benefits:
Alleviates stress and anxiety
Help facilitate better sleep
Reduction of weight
Enhances cognition (especially beneficial for cognitively impaired elderly persons)
Improves balance and motor skills
May supplement conventional treatments for some chronic illnesses
Reduces arthritis-related pain
Teaches you the art of self-defense
Tai Chi Sword
The remarkable Tai Chi sword – Image Credit – Wikimedia
Tai Chi is the only meditational art that uses a weapon, the Tai Chi sword. The goal of using this fascinating weapon is not to end one’s life but to preserve it. It is a widely respected weapon reflecting Chinese culture, tradition, and history.
Differences & Similarities
You shall improve both your mental and physical well-being with each exercise – Image Credit – Pexels
Although yoga, Pilates, and Tai Chi are all distinct forms of physical activity, they share one important characteristic: the ability to reduce discomfort and enhance the overall quality of life.
Tai Chi generally focuses on health, self-defense, and mind meditation with the internal Qi Gong
The main foundations of Pilates are associated with concentration, focusing on the core, correct breathing techniques, and providing control, flow, and precision
Yoga is another method to take care of your health that uses breathing, movement, and meditation to bring your mind, body, and spirit together
All these 3 exercises can support your health and well-being in varying degrees for similar areas. All of them will provide you with various forms of exercise designed to strengthen your muscle tone and mind.
The physical postures you will do for each of these arts will lead to stress reduction and weight loss. The risk of falls and failure when exercising is close to null, so we recommend you try each of their routines.
You can get support from an expert to decide which is more suitable for you or simply, try them all out and see for yourself which exercise suits you the most.
Conclusion
Building strength and balance via activities like Tai Chi, Pilates, and yoga are becoming more popular since it provides the dual benefit of lowered risk of injury from falls and alleviation of pain from illnesses. It is even possible to modify existing routines for each so that even mobility-impaired individuals can practice these.
References:
Vedanta Centre Staff, S. Y., & Publishing Staff, D. K. (2010, January 1). Yoga. In Your Home Practice Companion. DK.
Yoga, V. C., & Publishing Staff, D. K. (2003, January 1). Yoga (L. Hawksley & I. Whitelaw, Eds.). https://doi.org/10.1604/9780789496843
Yoga. (1997, March 2). In S. Y. Vedanta Centre (Trans.), Mente y Cuerpo.
Tucker, P. (2000, January 1). Tai Chi. In Flowing Movements for Harmony and Balance. Lorenz Books. https://doi.org/10.1604/9781859675038
Frantzis, B. (2011, July 15). Tai Chi. In Health for Life. https://doi.org/10.1604/9781583941447
Paden, L. (2014, December 1). Pilates. In Easy Lessons for Stretching, Lengthening, and Toning Your Body.
Eisen, I. (2014, December 30). Pilates. Rosen Young Adult.
I fondly remember when I was a child, I used to be crazy about comic books. Those pages filled with colourful illustrations, jokes and dialogues would just take you to a whole new world. I’ve grown up now, but I confess, I’m still as crazy about them. There’s just something about those little books that makes me so nostalgic.
I don’t think kids today would ever know the joy of holding up a beaten-up, dog-eared and crumbling comic book. Everything is now available to read on the internet – you can read comics right off your computer or download them on your iPad or tablet. I’m not putting down any of these methods of reading but a real book has a charm unlike anything else. A comic book used to fuel our imagination, our creativity and resourcefulness but sadly that seems to be passing now. While I do truly believe that nothing can replace the charm and appeal of a paperback comic book, if we can provide comic books for children today in electronic form it can revive them. Just how successful they will be is something only time will tell.
Just to refresh your memory, here are a few Indian comics that are bound to get you all nostalgic.
Do you remember the amusing, not to mention hilarious capers of Pinki and Billoo? Or the amusing adventures of Chacha Chaudhary, Sabu and his faithful dog, Rocket? Diamond Comics was responsible for bringing these characters to children across India with the help of master illustrator Pran who brought them to life. It also featured a range of other popular characters such as Raman, Motu-Patlu, Shrimati Ji, Channi Chachi, Fauladi Singh and so many more. Along with these, they also published the comics featuring a number of foreign characters like Phantom, Mandrake, Spiderman and Superman. Diamond comics have gained a huge following over the years not just among children but adults as well, making it one of the most popular comics in India.
One of the oldest and the most well-known comic book that has been enthralling children with its tales of Indian culture and heritage since 1967, Amar Chitra Katha has come a long, long way. It was started as a series by Anant Pai and was divided into many sections with stories about Indian visionaries, scientists and fables from Panchatantra, mythological stories from Indian epics like Ramayana and the Mahabharata as well as humorous stories like Akbar and Birbal, Tenali Raman and so on. Today it is published in over twenty languages and shipped all over the world. It has to be said that Amar Chitra Katha made Indian kids more aware about their heritage and history at a time when India was moving towards development and urbanization. Filled with colourful illustrations and snappy dialogues, these are the comic books we grew up reading.
Before we all got addicted to Marvel/DC superheroes like the Incredible Hulk, Wolverine and Captain America, there was Raj Comics. The comic responsible for spawning off some of India’s most popular superheroes is also one of the longest running and the most successful comic books. It featured characters such as Nagraj, arguably India’s finest superhero, Shakti, our very own version of a female superhero, Doga, the anti-hero, Inspector Steel and so many more iconic characters. Before Marvel and DC superheroes, there were these superheroes that ignited and stimulated the imagination of so many young children all over India.
Who else remembers sneaking in a Tinkle comic and reading it during lunch breaks? It also fit snugly into our pockets and we loved taking it everywhere with us. Tinkle comics, with its wholesome mix of stories and comics was and is still popular, not just among children but grown-ups as well. Created by Anant Pai or Uncle Pai as he is affectionately known, it features something for everyone, everything from puzzles to stories, humorous anecdotes, quizzes and comics. Plus who can forget the unforgettable characters of Suppandi, a very foolish simpleton who’s always up to his hilarious antics, Shikari Shambu, the bumbling jungle hunter, Kalia the friendly crow and so many more. It’s still popular, so much so that it still has a monthly subscription of over 300,000 copies. Since its creation in 1980, Tinkle has been engaging children and adults of all ages with its entertaining as well as educational content.
Started by Bennet, Coleman & Co, the publishers of The Times of India in 1964, Indrajal Comics featured stories from Lee Falk’s The Phantom as well as iconic characters such as Mandrake, Flash Gordon and Buz Sawyer. The most distinctive feature of Indrajal Comics was its bright and colourful cover designed by B. Govind and that alone could catch your eye. Indrajal also began publishing in various Indian languages. Sadly the publication canceled the series in 1990. Indrajal Comics are sought after a lot by comic aficionados and collectors. If you’ve got a copy, it can get you up to Rs.70, 000 becoming a collector’s item and quite the treasure.
6. Chandamama
Chandamama was another classic story magazine; in fact summer vacations and Chandamama sort of went hand in hand. It had some of the most vibrant and beautiful illustrations and artwork and ran the longest running series of mythological tales in India as well as the very popular Vikram-Betal stories. The first issue was launched in 1947 in Telugu by B.Nagi Reddy and Chakrapani. After a while the magazine was revamped and published in many Indian languages. Known mostly for its historical and mythological tales and stories full of moral values, Chandamama has always striven to educate children about Indian culture, heritage and folklore. As of now Chandamama is no longer published but you can access it online from a number of websites.
There are some fields that are dominated by men. For a long time, a woman breaking barriers and entering an occupation that was only driven by men was unheard of. However, a lot has changed in the last century and more women are making a foray in the fields of science, technology, sports and more. Here is a list of amazing women achievers of India, who made India Proud in their respective fields.
Women Achievers in Conventional Fields
The home has always been deemed to be the first and most important priority of a woman for generations. Teach the girl how to cook, clean and take care of the family. That is about all that mattered. Yet, women began venturing into occupations and passion that brought them out of the four corners of their homes and exposed them to a world where they learnt more and felt independent. Teaching, sewing, home based businesses, such as, tuitions, running classes or selling items were the main careers around which a large majority of women centered. These occupations were safe and did not require a full time dedication.
This meant that though women were beginning to get educated they were still not boldly making in-roads into the ‘man’s world’. Even in academics, women chose subjects dealing with Arts, Humanities and Commerce and rarely took up courses in the sciences and mathematics. This was not because women were any less smart, but most of the studies in science required more than 3 years at the graduation level. This was one of the main reasons that women refrained from pursuing these fields, because again ‘marriageable age’ was a big milestone in any woman’s life.
Thankfully the passage of time, more awareness and a world-wide wave of feminism slowly but surely opened the eyes of a patriarchal society. There is still a long way to go, but some incredible women who took charge of their lives and lived their dreams on the strength of their own desires and hand work also paved way for generations of women to come. These women who became the firsts in their fields, did the impressive impossible. They showed others that women could also do what men did. And they did it with such grit and determination that their lives have been an inspiration for all generations.
Women in Science/Technology/Mathematics
Anandibai Joshi and Kadambini Ganguly were one of the first female Indian doctors who qualified to practice western medicines.
Janaki Ammal (1897-1984) – With Botany as her interest, Janaki Ammal was the Director-General of the Botanical Survey of India and did a lot of work on medically and economically important plants.
Kamala Sohonie (1912-1998)- She was the first woman to get a PhD in a scientific discipline. She was the first female student of Prof. C.V. Raman who himself was averse to having women students. But her intelligence and caliber made the Professor himself encourage her to research further.
Asima Chatterjee (1917- 2006)- A highly recognised chemist, she was brilliant in the field of organic chemistry. She is known for her research on anti-epileptic and anti-malaria drugs.
Rajeshwari Chatterjee (1922-2010) – One of the first female engineers of India, she was given a scholarship by the then Government of Delhi to study abroad. She is known for her research on antennae and microwave engineering.
A.Lalitha – She is the first electrical engineer from India. She proved that if you educate a woman you educate her entire family. She was widowed at the age of 18 with a four month old son. She chose to move ahead with her life and went on to create history.
Tessy Thomas – Also known as the ‘Missile Lady’ she has successfully launched the Agni missile series. She is the first Indian woman scientist to head a missile project.
Mangala Narlikar – A renowned mathematician, she finished her PhD after 16 years of marriage. A master of simple and complex mathematics she is loved by her students whom she taught in the University of Mumbai and Pune.
Other notable women in the field of science are Sunetra Gupta, Paramjit Khurana, Charusita Chakravarty, Usha Barwale Zehr, Shubah Tole, Kalpana Chawla and many more.
Women in Indian Armed Forces
Punita Arora – The first Indian woman in the rank of Lieutenant General in the Indian Armed Forces and first female Vice Admiral in the Indian Navy, Punita Arora in her 37 years of service has received 15 medals.
Many other women who are stalwarts in the Armed forces include, Ganeve Lalji, Sophia Qureshi, Deepika Misra, Priya Semwal, Anjana Bhaduria, Nivedita Choudhary and many more.
Women in Administration
Chhavi Rajawat – The first woman Sarpanch, Chhavi took the post in her village Soda in Rajasthan.
There have been firsts and many inspirations that have edged the Indian women to push boundaries and break frontiers. There are those that are very well known, the likes of Indira Gandhi and Pratibha Patil, and then there are those who have initiated small changes with huge impacts, such as, Surekha Yadav the first female train driver or Praveenan Soloman the woman that runs a crematorium. But each of them has proved beyond doubt that gender is no barrier when it comes to doing and following your heart.
