The Kenyan real estate market has been growing rapidly, driven by strong economic growth and an increasing population. This has resulted in a large number of new developments popping up all over the country, including many modern houses. These developments are often aimed at middle- and high-income earners, who are increasingly looking for quality homes in safe and secure areas.
Most modern houses include state-of-the-art security features, such as CCTV cameras, electric fences, and guard houses. They also tend to have a variety of amenities, such as swimming pools, gyms, and playgrounds; this makes them very attractive to families with children. These are the same features and improvements you will see in the https://hauzisha.co.ke/houses-for-sale/nairobi, and with the help of a reputable agent, you can compare and find the one that suits you. You can also get assistance from a real estate professional with the paperwork and purchasing a home in Kenya.
When buying a modern house, knowing the available construction types is crucial. The most common type of construction is brick and mortar, which most people are familiar with. However, several newer construction methods, such as prefabricated and modular homes, are becoming increasingly popular. These newer methods offer several advantages over traditional construction, such as shorter build times and lower costs.
When buying a modern house, it is essential to have realistic expectations. These homes are often more expensive than traditional houses, and they may not be available in all areas of the county.
When you are looking for a modern house in Kenya, there are a few things you can expect, including;
1- Good security features
Looking for a gated community or an area with good security features is advisable. Most modern houses in Kenya come with state-of-the-art security features such as CCTV cameras, electric fences, and guard houses. Always ask the seller about the house’s security features before making an offer. Ask if they include the sale price or if you will need to pay for them separately.
2- A variety of amenities
Most modern houses in Kenya are often located in gated communities with various amenities such as swimming pools, gyms, and playgrounds. If you have children, this is an excellent perk as it gives them a safe place to play while you are at work. These amenities are usually included in the sale price, but it is always best to check with the seller beforehand.
3- Shorter build times
One of the advantages of buying a modern house is that they are often built using newer construction methods such as prefabricated and modular homes; this means that the build time is significantly shorter than traditional construction methods. This can be a great perk if you want to move into your new home quickly.
4- Lower costs
Modern houses in Kenya are often more expensive than traditional homes. However, they may cost less in the long run due to the shorter build time and the lower maintenance costs. Always ask the seller about the estimated running costs of the house before making an offer.
5- Newer construction methods
As mentioned above, many modern houses in Kenya are built using newer construction methods such as prefabricated and modular homes. These methods have several advantages over traditional construction, such as shorter build times and lower costs. Always ask the seller about the available construction methods if you are looking for a modern house.
6- Improved security
Most modern houses in Kenya come with state-of-the-art security features, such as CCTV cameras, electric fences, and guard houses. These features can give you peace of mind knowing that your family is safe in your new home. Remember to ask the seller about the available security features if you are looking for a modern house.
7- A variety of floor plans
When looking for a modern house in Kenya, you often have a choice of floor plans. This is an excellent perk as it allows you to choose the layout that best suits your needs. Always ask the seller about the available floor plans if you want a modern house.
There are various ways to know about houses for sale; you can;
a) Ask people around you if they know anyone selling a house
By asking people around you, such as your friends, family, and colleagues, you may get some leads on houses for sale.
b) Check online listings
Various websites list houses for sale in Kenya. These websites are a great way to see what is available in your area.
c) Contact a real estate agent
A real estate agent can help you find houses for sale in Kenya. They will understand the local market well and can help you find the perfect home for your needs.
Wrapping Up
When searching for a contemporary home in Kenya, there are various factors to consider. These include the location, security features, amenities, build time, and costs. It is advisable to always ask the seller about these factors before making an offer. You can find the perfect modern house for your needs with some research.
Artists are unique. Their views and perceptions make the ordinary – extraordinary. And the expression of their art is a service to not only themselves, but to the entire world. Artists though are identified through their creative works, social and cultural angles also play a role in defining the artists’ works. The expression of art does not depend on the gender, caste, age and circumstances of the artist. And perhaps, that is why, it is important to acknowledge and understand the contributions of an artist in relation to their personal and societal influences. On that note, women artists of India have carved a niche for themselves, as their art is often a reflection of how women in general are viewed by society. On the other hand, women artists bring to the artistic world their own unique perspective and creative understanding of what they represent on canvas, photographs or sculptures.
As women have been striding ahead in all spheres, including as artists, we bring to you a few of the most renowned Indian women artists who have set a benchmark and brought home glory and respect.
What is Art?
Art is an expression. It is the creative articulation of a thought, story or emotion that finds manifestation in different forms. According to common understanding, the different forms of art include painting, sculpting, literature, architecture, cinema, music and theatre. However, these are not necessarily the defined set of art forms. Just like art, there is artistic liberty to incorporate other forms, such as dance, performing arts, cooking, photography etc.
Women in Arts
There are certain art forms where women over the years have been the main centre of attraction. Or have been equal path breakers in the growth and recognition of the art. Dance, music, cinema, singers and more have produced legendary women artists that have inspired and continue to inspire generations.
Some other art forms, such as painting, sculpting, architecture etc. have seen fewer women torch bearers in comparison. And as a tribute to women artists, we bring to you some of the most renowned and exceptionally talented women artists in the fields of painting, sculpting, photography and modern art.
1. Amrita Sher-Gill
One of the most iconic women painters Amrita Sher-Gill’s paintings were self-portraits, different moods, life in Paris, portraits of friends and more. One of her greatest contributions was finding an aesthetic blend between Western and traditional art forms. Her paintings depicted the life of women in her time and some of her famous works include Three Girls, Bride’s Toilet, Mother India and more.
2. Meera Mukherjee
A sculptor, writer and painter, Meera Mukherjee is credited with enthusing modernism into the ancient Bengal sculpting arts of bronze casting and improved the Dhokra method. She toured India to work with local craftsmen, particularly working closely with the Gharuan in Bastar region who use a traditional lost wax process for creating sculptors. Her sculptures are inspired by the common man doing the daily chores of life, such as fishermen, women stitching, weavers, as well as nature, dance and music that also found reflection in her works.
3. Arpita Singh
Arpita Singh is a renowned painter whose works include, Child Bride with Swan, My Mother, The White Chair and many more. With her vibrant and vivid use of colors that were dominated by the shades of blue and pink, her art is often inspired by Bengali folk art. Her paintings are centred on myriad themes, from showcasing women in their daily life, painting beautiful objects, such as trees, vases and flowers and also about war and national as well as international turmoil. However, women continued to be the main protagonists of her paintings, though she also touched upon other relevant issues, such as the anti-Sikh riots, Indira Gandhi’s assassination and more.
4. Nasreen Mohamedi
Known as one of the most important modern art exponents, Nasreen Mohammedi is popular for her line-based art drawings. She uses multiple mediums, from sketches to watercolours on canvas, to graphite and pencil drawings. Her grid based drawings and art remain some of the finest abstract arts of today. Her understanding of light and shade, shadows and geometry and shapes is often unmatched. She also began photography where she clicked images of her surroundings. Her photography exhibitions have also been held that include photos of the landscapes around the sea, desert, weaving patterns etc.
5. Bharti Kher
Bharti Kher has worked with paintings, sculpting and installations over the years. Her art speaks of the self in relation to animals and objects. She is also known for using the bindi, as her signature element in her art, whether it is in paintings or sculptures. Some of her famous works include the series of Six Women, Warrior Series and the Sari portraits.
6. Anjolie Ela Menon
One of the leading contemporary artists of India, her paintings have found place in many museums across the world. She has worked on several mediums, including oil on masonite, computer graphics, Murano glass, water colours and more. She is also a muralist and has many solo, as well as group shows to her credit. Her creations are themed across religious works, nudes, portraits and a style that is reminiscent of the European Renaissance.
7. Nalini Malini
Her paintings are one with strong messages. Nalini Malini paints, draws, creates installations and artistic videos and is also involved in theatre. Her works highlight social and women issues and have a clear message for its viewers. She has also been deeply influenced by the heartaches and turmoil of partition and perhaps her creative works are a reflection of her deep insight. Some of her famous works are Cassandra, Mother India, City of Desires and more.
8. Sheela Gowda
A contemporary female artist, Sheela Gowda is known for her paintings, installations and sculptures. She also uses everyday materials, such as incense, cow dung, human hair or kumkum in her art. Her works often draw a parallel to the labour system and practices and also the way women are treated in society. A heavily process oriented artist her works are border art and crafting techniques. Some of her works include And Tell Him of my Pain that used coiled dyed kumkum thread draped to give a three dimensional effect to her art.
9. Dayanita Singh
Her strength lies in visual communication through photographic images. Her black and white photographs are a visual treat both in museums and in books. Some of her books include, Zakir Hussain where through photographs she has documented some of the major tours by the tabla maestro. Another of her notable works, include the book Myself Mona Ahmed which is a combination of photographs, biography, facts and fiction, documenting the life of Mona, a eunuch who has been an outcast. Her mobile museum series also helps her to edit, archive, sequence, as well as display her images.
10. Hema Upadhyay
Hema Upadhyay was an artist popular for her art installations and photography. Her work showed sensitivity towards poverty and the human crisis. She incorporated her ideas of migration and social awareness in her works, for example, she sculpted 2000 cockroaches and infested them in her gallery to give an idea of what military invasion and actions might seem like. Her untimely death is viewed as a loss to the artistic world that could have seen more of her innate talent.
11. Zarina Hashmi
Her artistic repository includes drawings, etching, woodcuts, paper pulp casts and more. Her art is reflective of her idea of home and her works touch upon the fluidity and abstract notions that are not based on physical locations. Her concept of exile, migration and dislocation is also seen in her calligraphic lines and handcrafted arts. Some of her works include Travels with Rani, Dividing Line and more.
There are many other women artists in India, such as Anita Dube, Nilima Sheikh, Pushpamala N, Rina Banerjee and more. There is in fact, not a dearth of female artists who bring in a different perspective and understanding of art from their male counterparts.
Art is intrinsically woven into the culture. Also, one can continue and say that art is a reflection of society, norms, and traditions, as much as it is an expression of creativity and imagination. One of the most ubiquitous art forms that one often quite literally treads upon in India is floor paintings. It is an art that is deeply rooted in heritage, folklore, belief, and culture. Floor paintings in India are a unique manifestation of wholeness and understanding of a particular aspect of ‘Indianness.’
There are many ways to explain the cultural finesse of Indian ways. Especially since it is particularly vague and encompasses a whole lot of emotions, variations, traditions, and more. However, one of the best ways to look at it is to understand that an outward display of culture, either through art or traditions, is but a reasoning strongly backed by values, faith, and spirituality. A simple example is that even hosting a guest in Indian culture, is compared to the guest being God Himself. Similarly, floor paintings are a stunning demonstration of household art. Yet, its existence and expression are tightly bound by religious, cultural, and spiritual beliefs.
Floor paintings have existed in India for centuries. The earliest findings of floor paintings point to seals from the Mohenjo Daro and the Indus Valley Civilization. These seals had decorations that look like the mandala designs and because of their significance and importance, floor paintings were also adopted by the Aryan culture. Most scholars believe that the folks and mythical tales of the pre-Vedic age were the main material on which the floor paintings were based. These paintings made it easier for laymen to understand the complex philosophical concepts of divinity, spirituality, good and evil.
Also, as per popular belief by several women, Sita painted her home in the forest when Lord Rama had left to hunt. Similarly, Lakshman drawing the line around Sita to protect her is another example from mythology that is associated with floor paintings.
The floor paintings, though representative of a region or occasion, can also find broad classifications in the north and south of India. Geometric designs or what is also known as ‘akriti pradhan’ are prevalent in mountain Indian states. Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, and the southern peninsular are states and regions where geometric designs are common.
Regions with fertile lands and plains are more inclined towards floral designs. West Bengal and Bihar, for example, create ‘vallari pradhan’ designs. However, in some southern states, there is a combination of both geometric and floral patterns.
Geometric designs signify the influence of bhakti and tantric ideologies, whereas floral designs are connected to the social and religious influences. Some of the common patterns and designs also bear meaning. For instance, the circle represents the entire universe, while the square within the circle signifies culture. Triangles pointing upwards mean mountains and signify stability. Downward pointing triangles represent unstable earthly elements.
Though each region or state has its own floor paintings, there are also a few commonalities that bind them together. The floor art is associated with keeping away evil and protecting the home, city, or structure on which it is painted. Most of the floor paintings are done by the women of the home or community. These are not learned in art institutions or taught as subjects. But the art of floor paintings is passed from one generation to another through practice.
Also, the floor paintings traditionally are made using natural materials that are powdered or formed into a paste. However, in modern times, this might vary.
When one says floor paintings, we don’t necessarily mean a single type or style of design. In fact, floor paintings in India are known by different names in different parts of the country. It is called Ranjoli in Maharashtra, Chowk or Sona Rakhna in UP, Alpana in Assam and West Bengal, Kalam Ezhuthu in Kerala, Kolam in Tamil Nadu, Aripana in Bihar, Jinnuti in Odisha, Pakhamba in Manipur, Likhnu in Himachal, Mandana in Rajasthan, Muggulu in Andhra Pradesh, Apna in Nainital and Almora region and Sathia in Gujarat.
Each region or state has its own unique style and design of floor arts. Also, it is interesting to note that the names of the floor paintings also signify their distinctiveness. For example, mandana comes from the word Mandan which means to decorate. Thus, the floor paintings in Rajasthan are predominantly used for beautification and decoration. On the other hand, the word alpana has more than one meaning. It is believed to come from the word, ailpona, which means the art of making embankments. This implies the art form is a means of keeping the city, village, or dwelling safe. It could also have been derived from the word alimpan, meaning to coat or plaster.
Let’s take a closer look at some of the specific floor paintings from different states.
Alpana is drawn during the festival of Makar Sankranti and usually covers a large area. Some of the common designs used while drawing an alpana are farming tools, flowers, utensils, and other motifs that are related to agriculture and farming. It also usually has a central circle or circles that signify the granaries in a village. Originally, the alpana was made from a paste of uncooked rice from unprocessed paddy. Thus, traditionally the alpana is white in color. Today, modern alpanas also have cylinders and stoves drawn as designs. The alpana or alpona is also drawn during other festivals and occasions, such as Durga Puja or at weddings.
Kolam unlike, many other floor arts which are associated with a festival or occasion, are drawn on the doorsteps of homes each day. It is made using rice flour or slightly diluted rice paste. Drawn using straight lines that are unbroken or looped, a kolam is believed to keep the house safe and away from the evil eye. A dot at the center of each enclosed design signifies the Mother Goddess who is also a symbol for fertility. Similarly, a red dot in the design signifies blood which is the source of life. Unfortunately, in our fast-paced world, kolam designs are fast disappearing. But the older generation and many others continue to practice this art form.
Mandana is the floor art for Diwali. The women from the Meena community of Rajasthan decorate their home walls and floors with non-geometric designs, which include drawing peacocks, tigers, monkeys, Lakshmi’s feet, etc. The mandana is drawn on a special ground or surface that is prepared using cow dung mixed with the local clay of the region called rati and red ochre. The motifs are drawn using chalk or lime and a cotton tuff is often used as a brush to enhance the designs. Each design is made by marking dots and then connecting them to form a pattern. Also, usually, a central motif is the main design that is surrounded by smaller motifs.
This floor art is practiced in temples, usually by the Kurup and Pulava communities. These colorful drawings of gods and goddesses are painted with natural colors. Some of the common deities whose floor paintings adore temples include Bhadrakali, Aiyyappan, and Kamadeva. Interestingly, the eyes of the deity are painted last, as it is believed that life infuses itself within it only once the eyes are created.
Rangolis are common in Maharashtra and is perhaps an overarching term that is used for floor paintings across the country. Made usually during the festivals of Diwali, Sankranti, Pongal, etc. they represent positivity, happiness, and welcome Goddess Lakshmi, the goddess of good luck and wealth. A rangoli is also made with flowers and over the years it is created for various social occasions, as well as, being used as a means of welcome in hotels, restaurants, etc.
Floor paintings are a perfect example of the culture of the land interweaving into art. An art form that is often relegated to everyday, instead of the exotic and exclusive, floor paintings are nonetheless an expression of social, religious, and cultural beliefs. Is it in threat of disappearing? Perhaps, considering that is passed from one generation to another, there is a high risk of losing its true meaning and essence. Yet, we hope that it continues to strive and survive.
Sport is a great leveler. It doesn’t matter who you are or where you are from, as long as you strive for excellence and work hard, the games always find out. Perhaps, that is why sports persons are respected, irrespective of their sport or category of competition. Paralympians are one such group of sportspersons, who truly stand for what true sportsmanship means.
The adversity of sports
Before we begin to understand the routine and life of a paralympian, it is fair to say that for even any Olympian or great sportsperson the odds are usually not always pretty. Look at the life of different sports persons and there is always inspiration that shines through. Whether it is their sheer will to pursue their passion against all odds that is manifested through the tireless training morning and night. Or their tryst with injuries, maintaining a steady diet, constantly taking out time for the game and so on. Their dedication is supreme and their eyes are always set on their goal.
Of course, we know the tales of plenty of famous sportspersons. Through movies, books and interviews we know of talent that has stood and their stories of struggle and grit have made history. However, there are also umpteen ordinary sportspersons who do not make it to the limelight, but who cannot be forgotten in the spirit of the game. Not all those who play or practice a sport, make it to the top or get the chance to represent their country. Due to various factors, that could be physical, personal, social or more, they might fall short of let alone becoming legends, but of pursuing their sport as a career or even a part-time hobby. Yet, the soul and heart of a true sportsperson is always in the right place!
Paralympians
Now if a regular sports person goes through vigorous and strenuous routines to make it to the top, one can only imagine the level of passion that Paralympians have. Despite a physical disability they adhere to a lifestyle that is even hard to keep up by supposedly ‘normal’ people.
There are many great Paralympians that are examples and inspiration for humanity at large. In India too, our Paralympians have made the country proud through various accomplishments and recognitions. And so we bring to you some of India’s most famous Paralympians whose medals, stories and life journey will leave you uplifted and motivated.
The Paralympics
The Paralympics or Paralympic Games is also known as the Games of the Paralympiad. This multi-sport event is held immediately after the Olympic Games. The Paralympics involves athletes who have physical disabilities, such as diminished or damaged muscle power, including muscular dystrophy, paraplegia, quadriplegia, spina bifida and more. Athletes with impaired range of movement, limb deficiency, vision impairment, hypertonia, athetosis, intellectual impairment, leg length difference and more are included in the Paralympics.
The Summer and Winter Paralympics Games have been conducted since 1988 in Seoul, South Korea. However, the Paralympics have grown substantially over the years. From 400 athletes across 23 countries in 1960 the Paralympics today has more than thousands of athletes from over 100 countries.
India at the Paralympics
India first participated in the Paralympics in 1968 in Israel and then again in 1972 in West Germany. There was a gap until the 1984 Paralympics, after which India has been present in every Paralympics Game conducted since then.
The Paralympic Committee of India (PCI) selects athletes that represent India in the Paralympics and other international competitions and meets. It was founded in 1992 and called Physically Handicapped Sports Federation of India. It was started with the idea to encourage and promote sports for differently-able and physically challenged people.
At the Tokyo Paralympics 2020 Indian Paralympics brought home 19 medals and placed India at the 24th place – a feat never before done. The highest medal tally so far, the Indian Paralympians were exceptional and created history. With their outstanding performance, they not only garnered praise, celebrated many firsts, but also brought the spotlight on Paralympic sporting in India.
Great Indian Paralympians
Murlikant Petkar –
The first Paralympic athlete to secure gold for India, Murlikant Petkar won the historic medal in the 1972 Paralympics. He set a record in 50m freestyle swimming during this Paralympic. A war veteran, he was injured and disabled during the 1965 India-Pakistan war.
Joginder Singh Bedi –
Representing India in the 1984 Paralympics, Joginder Singh won 3 medals. A field and track para-athlete, he competed in the L6 category. He finished second in the men’s shot put and won a bronze in javelin and discus throw.
Devendra Jhajharia –
The highly successful Paralympian is a well known javelin thrower. He is also the first Indian who has won 2 gold medals at the Paralympics. In 2016 he won his second gold medal by breaking his own record. He also won the silver at the 2020 Tokyo Paralympics. With multiple recognitions and awards, such as the Khel Ratna, Padma Shri and Arjuna Award, Devendra Jhajharia had to amputate his left arm at a young age when he was electrocuted.
Avani Lekhara –
The first Indian woman to win gold at the Paralympics, Avani shot to the limelight during the 2020 Tokyo Paralympics game. With a gold medal in the 10m air rifle and a bronze in the 50m air rifle, she is the World no. 2 in the Women’s 10m Air Rifle. She was left paralyzed waist down at the age of 11 after an accident.
Mariyappan Thangavelu –
A gold medalist at the 2016 Rio Paralympics Mariyappan Thangavelu is a high-jumper. He also won the silver at the 2020 Tokyo Paralympics. Awarded the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna, Arjuna Award and the Padma Shri he has leaped into the category of one of the most renowned paralympians. Mariyappan was hit by a bus driven by a drunk driver when he was returning from school. The accident caused him to be stunted from his right leg below the knee.
Deepa Malik –
Wheeling her way on a wheelchair since 1999 Deepa Malik is an inspiration for multiple reasons. A spinal tumor that led to several surgeries and more than hundred stitches between her shoulders, Deepa Malik continues to shoulder the responsibility of encouraging sports for disabled persons across the country. The first female Paralympian from India has 54 national medals and 13 international medals across various sporting disciplines, such as javelin, shotput and swimming.
Amit Kumar –
A top para-athlete Amit Kumar Saroha was the first Indian quadriplegic at the Paralympics. Competing in discus and club throw he represented the country at the 2012 London Paralympics. A spinal injury at 22 after a road accident left him in a wheelchair for life. A former hockey player, his love for sports continued with a more determined fervor.
Rajinder Singh Rahelu –
This para-athlete represented India in the 2004 Paralympic Games winning a bronze. He also competed in the 2008 and 2012 Paralympics however the powerlifter couldn’t win any medals. Born with infantile paralysis he contracted polio when he was eight months old.
Girisha Nagarajegowda –
Also called Girish N Gowda the high jumper won the silver in the F 42 category becoming the first Indian to win in this event at the 2012 Paralympics. Born with a disability in his left leg, Girisha is also known for his win at a state level sporting meet where he competed and participated with normal sportsmen.
Farman Basha –
This powerlifter was affected by polio from a young age. However, that did not stop him from setting a national record in powerlifting in the 49kg category. He participated in the 2012 London Paralympics and has been awarded the Arjuna Award.
Varun Singh Bhatia –
A medal winner in the 2016 Paralympics, Varun Singh is a high jumper. He competed in the T42 category and also won the bronze at the 2017 World Para Athletics Championships.
Sumit Antil –
Another gold winner in javelin at the 2020 Tokyo Paralympics, Sumit also created a world record with his javelin throw in F64 category of 68.55m. An accident left him amputated in his left leg. He has been awarded the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna.
Sharath Gayakwad –
A paralympic swimmer, Sharath competed in the 2012 Paralympics in London. With 6 medals at any multi-discipline event he is the Indian with the most number of medals, having broken the record previously held by P.T Usha.
Manasi Joshi –
Though not a Paralympian, Manasi Joshi is a para-badminton player and is ranked World no. 2 in the SL3 category. She was also listed in TIME Magazine’s Next Generation Leader 2020 for her active role in advocating rights for people with disabilities.
There are many other para-athletes who have made the country proud, including Sundar Singh Bhati (javelin thrower), Yogesh Kathuniya (discus thrower), Sharad Kumar (high-jumper), Bhimrao Kesarkar (javelin thrower), Bhavina Patel (table tennis) and more.
Here is hoping that our para-athletes get all the recognition and accolades that they deserve. And also, that the future generations of para-athletes find the infrastructure, support and will power to strive for their dreams.
#Didyouknow that in the 16th century there lived in Orchha, in present day Madhya Pradesh, India a poet with the most colourful mind when it came to the nuances and delights of expressed love? And that he created a classic called Rasikapriya which was illustrated by many schools of Rajput miniature painting? He was none other than Keshavdas Mishra. He composed the ‘Rasikapriya’ which has been called The Lovers Breviary and The Connoisseurs Delight. It was written for the cultured aesthete. Let us look at aspects of his poetry in this famous pioneering work and some delightful illustrations made in Rajput ateliers during the 16th to the early 19th century.
Keshavdas Mishra was born in circa 1555 into a Sanadhya Brahmin family near Orchha at Tikamgarh. He had scholars in his ancestry who had worked for the royal Tomars in Delhi and Gwalior and he was well exposed to Sanskrit as a child. In fact, even his grandfather and father had been attached to the Orchha court as scholars. However, he chose to compose in Braj ‘bhasha’ (language), though he followed the Sanskrit tradition. The Bhakti movement had elevated the level of Braj ‘bhasha’ and he composed his poems in this language.
The poetry of Keshavdas is in ritikavya i.e mannered poetry. He was the pioneer of the Ritikaal of Hindi literature. He was mostly attached to the court of Orchha as a scholar and advisor during his life. His first patron was Chandrasen, Son of Maldev of Jodhpur who ruled from the principality of Sevana. However, Keshavdas was mostly associated with the court of Orchha like his ancestors. Rasikapriya was composed by him in the Braj language in 1591 A.D, a vernacular style of Hindi spoken in mostly North India of yore; the work was inspired by Raja Indrajit Singh, a patron of literature, the brother of Raja Ramshah of Orchha. In 1608, Keshavdas joined the court of Vir Singh Deo for whom he composed separately. His major works include Ratan Bawani (1581), Rasikapriya (1591), Ramachandrika (1600), Rakhshikh (1600), Kavipriya (1601), Chhandamala (1602), Virsingh Dev charit (1607) and Jahangirdas Chandrika (1612). His poetry has rasa (essence), alankara (ornament) and chanda (metre). He was called acharya (master)and guided other poets in his lifetime.
His most acclaimed work is Rasikapriya which covers all the aspects of love, underlined by the Bhakti philosophy of Vaishnavism, also wherein he has highly praised the river Betwa and the land of Orchha. He passed away in circa 1617.
The Rasikapriya
Radha and Krishna in Rasikapriya, ca1634. Opaque watercolour on paper. Malwa, India – Wikimedia
The poems are composed in 16 chapters called prabhavas, based on different aspects of Shringara, like love in longing, love in separation, love in belonging, types of nayakas and nayikas, romantic gestures, meeting places or rendezvous points, offended nayikas and lonesome nayakas. There is also section in the chapters on the ‘sakhi’. The ‘sakhi’ here is not the cowherd maiden or ‘gopi’ with Radha. She belongs to a lower rung of society and is a ‘love messenger’ who moves between the nayak and nayika. She has been captured in the paintings of Rasikapriya as well. Her role is very important in the realm of love portrayed by Keshavdas. He describes nature; foliage, birds, trees in his work as they from the backdrop in many of the situations captured in his poems. He used proverbs and folk idioms as well to highlight his poetry. In Rasikapriya Krishna is the nayaka or hero in a courtly ambience and Radha is his heroine who is a sophisticated nayika who takes on many forms. In Rasikpriya Krishna is shown as more human than divine, more royal than pastoral, like a princely character. He is closer to real life, emotions like love and hate. Keshavdas manages to move easily between the pastoral Krishna and the courtly prince nayaka. The love story of Radha and Krishna is portrayed in Rasikapriya (and few other ritikaal works) which became quite popular. In Rasikpriya there was a shift from the groves of Vrindavan to the Rajput courts and havelis (mansions) where the divine lovers Radha-Krishna are depicted. This also resulted in the creation of delightful and captivating artworks of Krishna in the Rajput court and in Rajput costume.
Rasikapriya was not written for the common man or samajika but for the rasika or the connoisseur, a cultured aesthete. The work is drenched in Shringara, a strong focus on the aesthetic and also the erotic nature of the rasa, glorifying beauty and sensuality.
Illustrations of the Rasikapriya
Keshavdas’ poetry in the Rasikpriya was well adapted by the ateliers of the Rajput Schools of miniature painting, like Mewar, Malwa, Bundi, Kishangarh and the Pahari school of Kangra. The paintings depict the many situations in love in this iconic work with the nayaka, nayika and the sakhi.
Let us see some illustrations to the Rasikapriya made by different Schools set in nature and a courtly ambience and delight in the painted poetry of the Rasikapriya.
Illustration – Radha looks at the picture of Krishna
Radha looks at the picture of Krishna, from Kangra, dated to circa 1820 – Image Source
In this painting, a forlorn Radha is looking at the picture of Krishna. The sakhi tells her –
“You need to light a lamp to dispel darkness, you cannot do it with the lustre of your body. You cannot satisfy your hunger just by seeing food. You cannot quench your thirst by listening to stories of water. O you moon faced and lotus eyed maiden, can you bring to the house by just looking at a picture of Lakshmi? By looking at the picture of your beloved you cannot have the pleasure of meeting him. This is the time to go and meet him, so do not waste your time.’’
…from the Rasikpriya, as translated by Harsha V. Dehejia
Illustration – Abhisarika Nayika, Radha Goes To Krishna’s House At Night
Abhisarika nayika, Radha goes to Krishna’s house at night, painted by Purkhu, from Kangra, dated to circa 1805. Wikimedia
In this painting Radha has come to Krishna’s house at night braving dangers along the way. She is depicted as Abhisarika nayika, specifically Premabhisarika nayika.
‘’I am aware of your love and have conquered me as you have come uninvited.
I have come because of the dark clouds.
You must have endured a lot of hardship.
On this dark night when I cannot see my body where is the question of suffering pain?
Then how did you find your way?
I found my way on account of lightning.
Even then you must have negotiated ups and downs, moods and thorns on the way.
My gait was as easy as that of an elephant.
In this dark and foreboding night how did you come alone?
Your love was my companion along the way.’’
…from the Rasikpriya, as translated by Harsha V. Dehejia
Illustration – Krishna Comes To The Lovesick Radha
Krishna comes to the lovesick Radha, painting from Raghogarh, dated to circa 1700. Image Source
In this painting it seems that the sakhi has brought Krishna to Radha –
‘O Krishna! Ever since she has seen you, she does not want anything else. She does not look at a lotus nor does she want to look at the beautiful moon. Even though by nature she is romantic, she does not want to listen to love stories. The beauty of three worlds do not touch her. If she does not see you, she will die. Please come and meet her’
… from the Rasikapriya, as translated by Harsha V. Dehejia.
Illustration – Radha Speaks To Krishna
Radha speaks to Krishna, painting from Amber, dated to circa 1610. Wikimedia
In this painting Radha seems to be telling Krishna –
“Today your eyes are red as if painted in the colours of Mahawar. (Either you are awake all night or you fell at someone’s feet and the mahawar from the feet came into your eyes). Yes, I am in love with you and I like your eyes. I am brimming with love and anger. Tell me, your eyes are red because of longing for me or is it because you love someone else?’’
…. from the Rasikapriya, as translated by Harsha V. Dehejia.
Illustration – Radha Comes To Krishna With Her Veena
Radha comes to Krishna with her ‘veena’, painted by Ruknuddin, from Bikaner, dated to circa 1685. Image Source
In this painting there seems to have been an altercation between Radha and Krishna and she has come to woo him with her music and come with her veena. In the upper register Radha is speaking to her confidante sakhi and two other sakhi have brought a garland for Radha.
O Krishna! People will say what you have them say. Otherwise, they would not speak ill of us. Why walk on a road where there are thorns? When people raise a finger at you then our love will dry up like a withered pumpkin. Never forget that you are me and I am you”
… from the Rasikapriya, as translated by Harsha V. Dehejia.
Illustration – Radha As Utka Nayika Awaits Her Lover
Radha as Utkanayika awaits her lover, painting by Ibrahim, from Bikaner, dated to circa 1692. brooklynmuseum.org
In this painting, Radha, the romantic heroine is in an expectant state as Utkanayika sits talking to her friend, presumably about Krishna, not knowing that he is standing behind her.
“O sakhi, do tell me, why has there been such a long delay in Krishna getting here? Do you think he has forgotten me or has someone waylaid him? Is it possible that he has missed his way and is wandering in search of me? Could someone has frightened him? Is it possible that he some other beautiful woman along the way? Or maybe he is on his way and about to reach here or come here shortly?’’
… from the Rasikapriya, as translated by Harsha V. Dehejia.
These illustrations are made as miniature paintings to a classic work, Rasikapriya by Keshavdas from the 16th century, by different Rajput Schools of painting which brings alive the situations between nayaka, nayika, the sakhi, along with sentiments and experiences of romantic love as envisaged by the poet which are universal and timeless. He has expressed the same in beautiful verse in his monumental work which will continue to enthrall readers of poetry and the paintings will enchant art lovers for years to come.
References –
1.Dehejia, Harsha V (2013) Rasikapriya – Ritikavya of Keshavdas in the ateliers of love, New Delhi: D. K Print World.
India is a beautiful country to visit with your family. Every aspect of this place is spectacular, the sceneries, foo, culture, architecture, and even the people. This country has many places to visit every season. Additionally, the best part of travelling is you do not have to do it alone, so bring your family along and have fun exploring the country. Plus, it is more fun to travel and try new things together.
So, here is a list of notable vacation destinations we think you should consider visiting.
Andaman, previously known as Kaalapani, is a top-rated holiday destination and is often chosen by tourists visiting India. The beaches you will see in Andaman are often claimed to be one of the best beaches in Asia. With the beautiful white sand and the bright blue sea water, you and your family will have views from day to night.
In Andaman, you will be able to do water-related activities such as scuba diving, kayaking, and snorkelling. In addition, Andaman boasts a beautiful collection of coral reefs where you can swim among tropical fish and colourful corals. Not only that, but Andaman even has luscious green rainforests and an active volcano that will make your pictures on your Xiaomi phone even better.
If you and your family like adventurous activities and being surrounded by nature, you should head over to Jim Corbett National Park. The Jim Corbett National Park is India’s oldest national park and is located amidst the foothills of the Himalayas.
There, you can stay at a popular wildlife resort where you will be able to see wild animals roaming about. In addition, you will get the chance to schedule a fascinating tour to see the tigers at Corbett Tiger Reserve. Besides, you can even book a safari tour where the tour operator will take you to common animal sightings.
While visiting this national park, it is also recommended to visit Naini Lake for a peaceful boat ride. Continue your trip by visiting the Govind Ballabh Pant Zoo, which houses even more creatures. There is also the chance of going up to Tiffin top, where you can take a panoramic view of the Himalayas.
Ooty
Image – Muhammed siraj
Ooty is in Tamil Nadu and is one of the most popular hill stations. It offers you and your family dazzling visual pleasures as well as soul-stirring experiences. This is a good place for your family’s travelling album as the places boasts beautiful places that you can capture with a Polaroid camera.
This charming vacation place is also speckled with wooden cottages and tall oak trees. Ooty features a gorgeous botanical garden that houses a 20-million-year-old fossilised tree. The place is well kept, evident in the well-maintained lawns and rare flora species around the space
A waterfall is also around the area where you can walk around and enjoy the beautiful garden. In addition, there is a lake garden right by a fibreglass dome, making a beautiful backdrop for your social media photos.
Agra
Next on the list, you and your family should plan a visit to Agra. This city is the home of the famous Taj Mahal, which is a UNESCO registered heritage site. Besides that, other equally amazing architecture like the Agra Fort and Fatehpur Sikri are also located in this city.
Moreover, if you stay long enough in Agra, you can watch the light and sound show held at the Agra Port. Not only that, but there is also a Persian-style garden called Mehtab Bagh that you can stroll around with your family to relax.
In addition, you can enjoy your lunch from a wide variety of dishes while marvelling at the sights of Agra. Other than delicious food, there are many shops around for you to get some souvenirs to bring home.
Puri is another great destination for families to visit. This beautiful city is mostly untouched and much calmer than most tourist destinations until Jagannath Yatra, which is one of the many festivals that are celebrated in India.
Puri is a calm and breezy city even in the summer, making it ideal for beach vacations. Moreover, the Chilka Lake, a large saltwater lagoon where migratory birds can be viewed, is also located in this city. Aside from the tourist attractions, this city is an excellent spot for you and your family to engage with the spiritual selves.
Kerala
Kerala is one of the most popular destinations in India for families. It is known for its coconut trees, lush natural environment, and diverse flora and wildlife. Beaches and lovely vistas are also available at this holiday destination.
Munnar, Kerala’s picturesque hill station, is worth visiting while you are there. The Alleppey backwaters and the Kovalam Beach can be found in this Indian state. Because of its shallow sea and mild tidal waves, the beach is particularly popular with western tourists.
Furthermore, if you and your family love animals, do not miss the experience of giving a bath to the elephants in Kerala. Finally, end your trip by tasting a range of tea flavours and even observing the tea-making process first-hand on a tea plantation. Sounds interesting, right?
India is a lovely country for you and your family to venture to for a short vacation. However, it is important to do a little research before deciding on the vacation destination. This is because there are various destination options to choose from; peaceful beaches and bustling cities. This further proves that India is a wonderful place to visit you and your family.
Karnataka is home to a plethora of unique landmarks, historical structures, lush woods, breathtaking geographical splendor, as well as a thriving culture. This is a diverse state where you can have a one-of-a-kind experience. Bengaluru, formerly known as Bangalore, is the state’s capital and an IT hub. Coorg, Mysore, Hampi and Pattadakal, Bijapur, and other Karnataka places are worth visiting. Other areas of importance in Karnataka include the Bandipur, Nagarhole, and Dandeli wildlife sanctuaries, as well as the Ranganathittu Bird’s Sanctuary. Handicrafts of Karnataka, like everything else in the state, are among the most sought-after items for tourists due to their distinctiveness.
The majority of handicrafts of Karnataka are made utilising traditional methods, which has proven to be a symbol of great craftsmanship for Karnataka artists. Karnataka’s temples and monuments are live displays of stonework and the state’s artisans’ mastery of their profession. Furthermore, these crafts have been passed down down the centuries. Paintings, ivory carving, sandalwood crafts, Mysore silk, and other unique crafts may be found in Karnataka. Furthermore, Udupi metalwork is renowned for its meticulous craftsmanship.
Stone carving has a rich history in Karnataka, encompassing back to the temple architecture of the Hoysala era. Soapstone is abundant in Karnataka’s southern districts, which has resulted in the development of talented artisans in those areas. Carving is such a distinctive and well-mastered art that an expert in this field can determine the type of stone only by listening to the sound it makes when pounded.
Numerous households involved in the occupation of stone cutting and carving can be found in Heggadadevankote near Mysore district and Harapanahalli Taluk in Davanagere district. Karkala in the Udupi District is notable for black granite sculptures, whilst Shivarapatna in the Kolar District is famed for deity sculptures carved out of soft stone and naga stones. When performing stone carvings in various villages throughout Karnataka, the specialists strictly adhere to the Dhyana Slokas’ guidelines.
Karnataka is a state in India’s southern peninsula that is well-known around the world as a centre for traditional Indian art and culture, including the strange art of doll creation. In terms of style and presentation, the art is one-of-a-kind. The ability of Indian craftsmen, particularly those from the state of Karnataka, to transform ordinary items into magnificent works of art is a distinguishing trait of their work.
As Dasara approaches, the production of dolls in Karnataka picks up. It’s the moment when the dolls are uniformly organised, adorned, and displayed on wooden platforms. The dolls will be on display for nine days during the event. If you visit Karnataka during this holiday, you will notice that the people are joyful, vibrant, and in a truly joyous attitude. Craftsmen from the state’s inner communities are seen busy selling their obvious handiwork. Doll manufacturing is a traditional handicraft of Karnataka that often includes multiple generations. Even tiny children are busy constructing dolls with their parents and grandparents in a Karnataka village, which is a fascinating sight
Channapatna toys are a unique type of toy made in the small town of Channapatna in the Indian state of Karnataka. In this method, traditional ivory wood is used. It is trimmed, carved, painted, and polished after being chopped and formed into shapes. To ensure that they are not hazardous to children, they are painted using vegetable dyes. The geographical indicator tag, granted by the World Trade Organization, protects this distinctive craft. Channapatna produces a large range of toys and dolls.
The Mysore paintings were created in Mysore during the Wodeyar dynasty. Mysore paintings are an important part of the classical south Indian painting tradition. The paintings of Mysore are known for their elegance, unusual colour combinations, and attention to detail. It looks almost alike to paintings created in Tanjore, another city in India. In the Mysore paintings, thin gold leaves are employed. A piece of Mysore painting necessitates a great deal of patience, as well as exceptional expertise and proficiency.
The most distant objects, such as the sky, hill, and river, are painted first. The animal and human figures were then meticulously rendered. Finally, gold foil is embossed on the gesso paste (which is made by mixing zinc oxide and Arabic gum) to show detailed designs of clothes, jewellery, and architectural elements. This is unique to the Mysore painting style and a feature of Karnataka’s traditional paintings. The depictions of Hindu gods and goddesses are also commonly shown in Mysore paintings. The representation of Lord Shrinath, who is said to be the ‘avatar’ or incarnation of Lord Vishnu or Shri Krishna, is the most recognised and famous of the Mysore paintings. Lord Ganesha on his Singhasan, or throne, is another renowned and frequently seen Mysore painting.
These Mysore paintings are now highly sought after souvenirs, particularly during South Indian celebrations.
India, particularly the state of Karnataka, is a land of elephants, and thus a region where the skill of ivory carving has flourished. This work is unlike any other Indian handicraft in terms of style, portrayal, and, above all, beauty. Ivory carving is a popular craft in the state of Karnataka. If you go to a sculptor’s hamlet, you’ll see people of all ages working with chisels, knives, and fine files to create beautiful works of ivory art.
The gods and goddesses are mostly shown in the ivory carvings. The representations of Lord Krishna in various moods are particularly noteworthy. Images of the mother deities can also be found.
Ivory and ivory merchants are mentioned in the epics of Ramayana and Mahabharata. Because ivory is a protected material, only government-owned handicraft associations are permitted to carve it. State emporiums, such as Cauvery Handicrafts, sell delicately crafted ivory antiques.
Karnataka’s traditional craft is wood carving, which is done on sandalwood and rosewood. Karnataka has a large forest reserve with ample raw materials for this skill. This skill necessitates dexterity, as any type of carving should be visible from any angle. All of the products have been sculpted in an elegant and realistic manner. Karnataka’s fragrant close-grained Srigandha sandalwood is famously carved in Mysore’s Gudigar, or Karnataka’s wood carving community. Carved flowers, creepers, birds, and animals are among the designs. The best sandalwood carving displays the artists’ mastery of their technique. Chennapatna’s toys are a testament to the craftsmen’s artistic abilities. Cooking containers are among the classic Channapatna toys, however, modern versions include planes, trams, vehicles, rattles, and other items.
Wood carving is prevalent in several places of Karnataka. Always remember to look at the intricately adorned timber ceilings, doors, and lintels whenever you visit the state. They have intricately etched patterns on them. The rich cultural tradition of this domain of art in the southern half of the country is reflected in this remarkable craftsmanship.
Wood carving in Karnataka showcases the traditional art of making one-of-a-kind wooden products. These woodcrafts are used for both functional and architectural purposes.
Karnataka is noted for its superbly carved figurines with detailed details, and the skill of sandalwood carving has been practised in the state for at least a thousand years. Sandalwood artisans are located in the Karnataka districts of Shimoga, Mysore, Uttara Kannada, and Bangalore. The enthralling miniatures in this golden-coloured wood are adorned with natural-inspired motifs. With ease, the soft aromatic wood may be gently carved into stunning masterpieces.
Sandalwood artefacts are the most well-known among other timber artefacts due to their beautiful carving and delicious fragrance. Such items are thought to be the most costly. The abundance of sandalwood in the forests of Mysore and the surrounding areas has made this region the most prosperous for this trade. The sandalwood carvers’ tools are relatively basic, consisting of a saw, plane, mallet hone or fine-grained hard stone, an array of different shapes and sizes of chisels, and a few engraving tools, some of which are exceedingly minute and delicate. The technique begins with the creation of a pattern on the smooth, white-washed sandalwood or on a sheet of paper put over its surface. The design is then engraved or outlined in minute detail, with the interspaces between the lines cut away, leaving the pattern in low relief; finally, the design is carved out in minute detail, with the intricacies and subtle light and shade effects preserved, as well as every desired curve, expression, and texture.
Likewise, in the world of crafts, Karnataka’s kasuti embroidery has made a space for itself and is generally praised by craft aficionados all over the world. Architecture, cradles and animal images are all examples of kasuti embroidery designs. The designs are typically done in two stitches, the gavanti line or double running thread and the murgi or zigzag stitch, and they have a feminine feel to them. Kasuti is mostly used to embellish sarees and blouses, and it looks best when applied to heavy fabrics in dark Indian hues.
Navalgund, in the Dharwad district of Karnataka, is famous for its brightly coloured durries. The durries are decorated with elaborate patterns and vibrant colours. The designs are frequently arranged in a geometrical pattern. They are in high demand not only within the country but also internationally. The durries are outlined in delicate floral designs, with the odd bird or animal figure thrown in for good measure. In the districts of Bijapur and Dharwad, a particular form of durrie known as sutada is produced. They’re made up of simple horizontal stripes in various colours. There are unique designs that add to the object’s significance.
8. Chittara Folk Art
Chittara folk art is a traditional kind of painting used by the Deewaru community in the coastal area of Karnataka (in and around the Shivamogga district). This art genre depicts life’s auspicious celebrations and rituals using elaborate designs and geometric patterns. It is regarded as a socio-cultural part of their lives rather than merely a job.
Ground rice paste for the white colour, roasted rice for the black, yellow seeds (from the grudge tree), red soil, and Pundi Naaru for the brushes are all-natural eco-friendly materials. To this day, the ladies of the Deewaru village proudly uphold their community’s unique culture and traditions.
Silk and traditional weaving are popular in Karnataka. With a market share of almost 65 percent, Karnataka is the country’s top producer of mulberry silk. Similarly, the state grows a lot of cottons and generates around 20 lakh bales every year. Karnataka’s traditional weaving dates back to the eighth century. Ilkal sarees from north Karnataka have been weaved since then and have maintained their lustre. Ilkal Sarees, Mysore Silk Sarees, Udupi Cotton Sarees, and Karnataka Kasuti Sarees are among the sarees that have received Geographical Indication (GI). There are around 40000 handloom weavers and 120000 power looms in use now.
Karnataka’s domestic craft is weaving. Dark earthy hues are woven into cotton sarees, with deep maroon or chocolate colours used to mark the borders. There are sarees with a rudraksha pattern or a mat design in white or yellow. The pallu is commonly woven in cotton or silk in a variety of white and red hands with mounting at the two ends. Ilkal, as previously mentioned, is a unique sari from the region, produced in vibrant colours such as pomegranate, scarlet, peacock blue, parrot green, and so on.
The Bahamani Sultans, who ruled Bidar in the 14th–15th centuries, are typically credited with the invention of Bidriware. Bidriware dates back to ancient Persia. Khwaja Moinuddin Chisti’s followers carried it to India. Sultan Ahmed Shah Bahmani summoned Abdullah bin Kaiser, an Iranian craftsman, to help him decorate the royal residences and courts. As a result, the art was brought to India. Various flowers, foliage, geometric shapes, human figures, stylised poppy plants with flowers, and other embellishments are common on the products. Hookahs, paan holders, and vases were formerly manufactured from this craft, but now keepsakes, bowls, earrings, trays, ornament boxes, other jewellery, and display goods are more popular.
The metal used is blackened zinc and copper alloy inlaid with thin silver sheets. Moulds are used to create forms. The black coating on the form comes from a strong copper sulphate solution that was used to cover it. To achieve a deep black, ammonium chloride paste is also rubbed in. The engraved designs are pressed using silver wire or strips, which are subsequently buffed for lustre.
The patterns, shapes, and styles are still reminiscent of the Mughal period and are created by artists from Bidar in North Karnataka. Bidriware, on the other hand, is rapidly dwindling, with few young people wanting to take up the task. The state-owned handicrafts showrooms mostly sell ornamental items.
The beauty of handcrafted artisanal pieces is their uniqueness, which stands in stark contrast to assembly line production’s uniformity. The man-hours, commitment, and craftsmanship that go into each piece create an inexplicable relationship between the maker and the receiver. This is also why, in many cases, a handcrafted object becomes an heirloom passed down from generation to generation. It’s the ideal souvenir for everyone who wants to keep a bit of their journey with them.
Arunachal Pradesh, “The Land of Dawnlit Mountains,” is a pristine state of India. The natural beauty, rich tradition, and artistic culture of Arunachal Pradesh are a plethora of wonders that attract tourists from various parts of the country and world. Art is one of the prime assets of any state, and Arunachal Pradesh does not fall short in highlighting its vibrant and varied art indigenous to the state. In this article, we present to you the authentic and dynamic art and craft of Arunachal Pradesh. These arts are of various forms and rich with artistic and artisans skills of the state’s locals. Read on to know more about the rich creative side of the state of natural wonders.
Arunachal Pradesh is home to various tribal communities. Nature and natural products are at the centre of these tribal communities’ primitive way of life. Cane and Bamboo are prime raw materials that the locals and various tribes of Arunachal Pradesh use to make daily use products. The beauty and quality of the cane and bamboo art of the state are trendy and make these products a favorite amongst the locals and visitors of the state.
Cane and Bamboo are in popular use for making various kinds of products. Some of the most artistic use of cane and bamboo results are baskets, bags, containers, hats, cane belts, bottles, etc. The different tribes have their styles of weaving the caps, and some tribes even have elaborate brassieres made with cane fiber. The minimal yet intricate artworks of the cane and bamboo products are worth the appreciation the artform receives.
Arunachal Pradesh is a state that is abundant with natural beauty and natural products. Wood, like cane and Bamboo, is also readily available in the state. Arunachal Pradesh successfully maintains and promotes the art form of wood carving.
Wood carving art is abundant and is in different styles in Arunachal Pradesh. Houses are mostly of wood, and the charm of the craftsmanship of wood carving adds beauty to such homes. Other products made with wood are tobacco pipes, bowls, spoons, drinking mugs, wooden masks, figures of dancers, religious images, and so on. The different tribal groups specialize in a particular style of wood carvings. Some groups demonstrate intricate works in designing the tobacco pipe bowl and making it in the shape of a human or animal head. Some groups use shapes and figures of warriors to carve out the drinking mugs and bowls. All the different detailing and art of wood carving is a legacy that is carrying forward from one generation to the next.
Carpet weaving is the specialty of the Monpas, a Buddhist community of Arunachal Pradesh. The girls of this community receive training in weaving from an early age. This is also a tradition that is continuing from one generation to another.
The primary weaving material is wool and cotton. The beauty of this art lies in the patterns and vibrant colors that the women highlight through their work. Designs of dragons, patterns of flowers, geometric shapes in bold colors result in beautiful carpets. These carpets represent a primitive art form that is an asset of the state. The beauty of these carpets grasps the attention of tourists. The visitors can indulge themselves by buying such distinctive art as the rugs come in various sizes.
Thangka is a painting on cloth that is particular to the Buddhist religion. These paintings have religious motifs and depict deities and themes of the pious act.
Thangka is a Tibetan term and means recorded message. These paintings represent Buddhist philosophy and hold a lot of meaning. Thangka paintings of Arunachal Pradesh are famous in the Tawang, West Kameng, and Upper Siang districts. The thangka painting process involves a picture panel of paint which is put on a silk border or cover. The dyes of the painting are vibrant. Thangkas are exceptionally delicate, and because of their religious quality, need an appropriate preserving process. The Thangkas require a dry place devoid of moisture. They scroll the paintings to protect them. This leads to another name for the Thangka paintings, scroll paintings. Thangkas are everyday products of decorative and religious meanings. Thangkas come in different sizes also. Tourists of Arunachal Pradesh can get their fair share of authentic thangka paintings and buy them as souvenirs.
The artistic abundance of Arunachal Pradesh is prominent in its unique designs of pieces of jewelry. Nature plays a significant role as an inspiration for artwork in the state. Nature is a primary part of the tribals’ life, and it can be seen in their fashion also.
Ornaments primitive to Arunachal Pradesh are made with various colours’ beads, brass, and silver. The indigenous take on ornaments of the state is the use of feathers of birds and wings of the green beetles. In tribal weddings, brides and grooms are seen sporting pieces of jewelry made with beads and have ornaments of feathers on their heads. Some tribal groups also use Bamboo to make bangles and earrings. When worn with the traditional dresses of Arunachal Pradesh, these distinctive ornaments complete the look of a native of the state. The beauty and quality of the ornaments are worth every penny.
Weaving is traditionally a women-centered artwork. Like the carpet weaving art form, weaving, in general is a prevalent occupation amongst the locals of Arunachal Pradesh.
The weaving artform receives a lot of acknowledgments because of the detailed embroidery works the artists put together on a piece of fabric. The most common fabrics for weaving are cotton, wool, and silk. Jackets, blankets, and coats require a heavier fabric to beat the cold of the state. Yak’s hair is an alternative and primitive material that the women use for weaving warm clothes. The intricate patterns and vibrant colors of the end products become the key elements that help enlarge the state’s weaving industry. The elegant and artistic qualities of weaving impress both the locals and visitors equally.
Arunachal Pradesh is a state that stands apart for its native beliefs and extraordinary natural splendor. The artforms that are born in this state have made a place for themselves in the national market. The authentic and aesthetic characteristics of these artworks are elements that enrich the cultural asset of the state. Arunachal Pradesh has dynamic paintings that serve the diverse tastes of its visitors. I hope you too find your pick of art and craft of Arunachal Pradesh on your visit that you can get as a souvenir.
Shivanand Shagoti was born and brought up in a small village of Gadag District in Shirahatti Taluk, Chikkasavanur Village. He, who grew up in a family of farmers and businessmen, found his interest flourishing in painting. In fact, he recalls all the instances when he was rebuked by his family for his passion. Instead of pulling him back, Shivanand was motivated to go down the risky road and fulfill his dream. Finally in 2022, he was bestowed with one of the prestigious art awards.
We congratulate Shivanand Shagoti for the receipt of his National Award through this story crafted with the help of his beautifully sewn responses. In conversation with the Artist himself –
The Journey So Far
APART MENTALITY, Acrylic on Canvas | 72 X 36 Inches
“Back in school, I started full-fledged painting under the aegis of my Hindi teacher Shri B M Yarakad sir who was also our drawing teacher. Once during the Hindi period, bored and unfocused, I started making an imagined portrait for which I was scolded by him. However, upon showing him the portrait, he was startled and suggested that if I was bored, I could go out and continue my visual creations. His belief and his acceptance of my talent was the reason why my passion took shape today.
Fast forward to tenth standard, I failed that class in three subjects. I was petrified about my parents’ reaction, so I ran away to Bangalore without informing them. I began working as a sign board artist at SriDevi Arts in Bangalore where I was assisting people to do sign boards. Six months into it, I realized that I was not in the right place and wanted to return to my hometown. However, due to the lack of funds, it became difficult to journey back. Somehow, I returned home and was scolded badly.
Since my father had no faith in me, he suggested I enroll myself to learn photography to set up a studio for wedding photography due to the lack of one in our village. He then took me to Lakkundi to learn photography. While learning photography, I got attracted to fine arts, started studying for my 10th there whilst simultaneously doing wedding and event photography. After successfully passing my 10th, I requested my brother-in-law Ramesh Alur, who was the owner of Shiva Photo Studio, to send me to Bangalore to study videography, but he did not buy my idea since I ran away previously. After several pleas, he finally trusted me and let me go to learn videography.
Here comes the twist: the plan was not to study videography but fine arts. I packed all my high school documents as well as stole five thousand yet again without informing my family. With that money, I enrolled myself in the Chamarajendra Academy of Visual Arts (CAVA) in Mysore with the help of my friend Satish Badiger. In the middle of the year, I came home during the two months holiday to the same old scolding. I confessed my love for fine arts but for my father it was synonymous to becoming a sign board artist. However, I continued to follow my passion despite every possible odds.
INSIDE IMITATOR, Acrylic on Canvas | 71 X 47 Inches
Later on, when I returned to my art school, I thought about what I wanted to do in the future. Definitely, I decided to stay back as well as wanted to eliminate the familial problems around my career. So, I called my family and decided to part ways with them. I have not met them since then but have found family like friends in Madan, Vasu Dixit, Shivraj, and Nagaraj since we used to stay at our friend Vijayraj Ullagad room (our adda). My senior Madan Gowda even pledged his gold chain to pay for my college fees since I was not allowed to give exams until I paid my college fees. And finally, without a doubt, nothing would have ever been possible without the support of my wife Shobha, my daughter, Yogish BK, and my friends.
With minimal moral and financial support from my family, I have even spent days without food and survived on water. As someone who was at the brink of losing everything, I started selling lottery tickets, sold brand new soaps, wrote sign boards, and did commercial artwork to source my food and sponsor my education. I recall collecting a rupee from my classmates to source a 15 rupees lunch of dosa with a bucket full of chutney from Kamadhenu Hotel at CAVA. At times, my friends, who were locals of Mysore, shared their food with me. After completing my BFA I have worked as a graphic designer in few MNCs to earn my living as well as keep the artist alive in me. Later, I started doing small roles in movies. My previous role was in a movie titled Kattu Kathe as a CID officer, and I am presently working on two kannada movies.
This is my journey, and how I became who I am today.”
Shivanand Shagoti – Man of Many Moods
FAKE ME ! REAL REFLECTIONS… Acrylic on Canvas | 72 X 36 Inches
“For me, painting is a very intimate process. Before even starting to paint, I complete half of it in my mind, and then I focus on enjoying the process rather than on the final outcome. Final outcome is synonymous to the end. Therefore, personally, my best creation is in which I communicate with the surface rather than await its completion.
Talking of the paintings ‘Fake Me, Real Reflections’, ‘Inside Out’, ‘Inside Imitator’, and ‘Non-transparent’, I discovered the beauty of self-portraits. My belief is in showing myself in every possible mood, in every possible direction, and in every possible movement, so that my art consumer is also able to connect with the subject, that is me, of the painting.”
INSIDE OUT, Acrylic on Canvas | 72 X 36 Inches
There is also a hidden message conveyed here – Transparent faces are non-transparent with a transparent cloth. Finally, I have been successful in bringing forth the rhythm of life to showcase the moment and excitement in the audience. (symbolic to The Last Supper of Leonardo da Vinci)
I Have A Dream
JOURNEY WITHOUT DESTINATION, Acrylic on Canvas | 72 X 36 Inches
“Back in 2007 in Mysore, while sipping tea with a few friends, I saw a vendor pull his cart of vegetables on an escalated road. I decided to lend a helping hand. While doing so, we conversed and I learnt about his family, his journey, and more about his livelihood to support his family. As soon as I returned to the tea stall, I quickly drew a rough sketch of what I just witnessed, with his cart, kids and family as subjects of my artwork. As a matter of fact, vegetable vendors faced a lot of difficulties during the pandemic. Therefore, I Have A Dream was most relevant during the pandemic and exposed our hard-hitting pandemic realities.”
Reverse Evolution – The Reality of our Times
REVERSE EVOLUTION, Acrylic on Canvas | 72 X 36 Inches
“If you remember well, the pandemic was the time when we relied heavily on news. This was the time when I started observing the political mess, surrounded by their vague statements and promises as well as their flowery arguments. I saw a monkey in them, who was clueless about what to say.
While speaking of politics, I tend to keep subjects universal. Even if a consumer finds my paintings outside India, they will be able to resonate with my creation. In fact while exhibiting at Dubai and Qatar shows, people tended to understand the political turmoil reflected in this painting. According to me, if a problem is universal, so is its representation. In fact, I am very soon coming up with another painting around the same subject where politicians are shouting in front of the media just for the sake of it, representing a righteous behavior behind an animal figure.
REVERSE EVOLUTION, Closer look
Talking about if I received any criticisms for this painting, I would say yes, although it was a silent one. I submitted this painting for the National Award but it did not get selected, clearly reflecting the reason why.”
– Even though every human being has a disguise of dignified personality and social appearance, deep inside, every human has a monkey inside his head.
The Balcony Art
IMITATE, Acrylic on Canvas | 48 X 36 Inches
“I am always on the lookout for stories, and my balcony was one place where I could observe all possible life moments, juggling between fiction and reality. Every floor, and every closed door shouts a different, distinct story. This creative scheme popped up in my head in 2007 when I was staying in Malleshwaram, Bengaluru, on the eighth floor in a small room. Across my balcony I could see a world of its own in the form of apartments with people tootling in and out. A balcony is the mini India where people come together to live, to celebrate, and to defend their harmony (Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam).
My paintings around this concept are ‘Missing My Red Cheddi’, ‘Kahani Balcony Ki’, ‘A Story of the Balcony’, ‘and Apart Mentality’. There is a diversity that coexists in these paintings showcasing how we are one in a crowd with our own story, as someone in love, as someone navigating through life, as someone of a different age, and as someone lonely when the reality hits you. A balcony is the perfect place to connect with an identity, or many identities, independent of others around us.
The Bibliophile Within Shivanand
SEARCH WITHIN ONESELF, Acrylic on Canvas | 72 X 36 Inches
“I vaguely remember that in 2008-09, I visited a bookstore to purchase a book while hovering from one book section to another. That movement, that route I covered was meant to be deciphered on my canvas. When I came home, I immediately began working on it. This painting was then purchased by an art collector and is now displayed at Gallery Nature Morte, Gurgaon (during the ‘Five for the Future Artist’ show).
Additionally, yes, I am an avid reader and have been presently reading Poornachandra Tejaswi which my friend Nagaraj inspired me to read. It was a ritual to meet and discuss books, as well as exchange art books. Reading helps me greatly as it then sparks some ideas to create new concepts on the canvas. Indeed, paintings like ‘Search Never Ends’, ‘Midnight Reading’, and ‘Search Within Oneself’ were inspired from my list of readings.
In these paintings, I wish to showcase life’s never-ending search for hidden truth through a persona and a library as its central theme. Here, it is important to notice that using a single character, the artist is trying to assert the fact that even though people are different by nature and thoughts, the underlying truth and destinations about their lives are always the same.”
Shivanand Shagoti in Concentration
EASY, YET COMPLICATED, Acrylic on Canvas | 36 X 48 Inches
“It was quite a contrasting subject to the one I made previously when I showed myself in many forms. The paintings such as ‘A Never ending Story’, and ‘Easy, Yet Complicated’ were a product of my emotional turmoil and self-discovery in 2010 when my father had a knee-replacement operation. It was my turn to take onto responsibilities whilst handling everything – from painting, taking care of my father, to office work. After that, whenever I sat alone, an (un)conscious reading of myself began. As an artist, I have vision and I can show the visuals I imagine artistically, like a writer would do in words. Therefore, whatever I experience, I paint it, be it past, future, present, a dream, all that.
It is in contrast to the many of me finding their synthesis as one person. Consequently, if you observe, you could say that these paintings were a succession to the previous ones where my search for myself finally concluded. That is the reason that wherever I am in a sitting position, I can be seen in deep meditation, in black and white hues, smiling throughout whilst analyzing myself.”
Realism over Abstract Art
NON-TRANSPARENT, Acrylic on Canvas | 216 X 72 Inches
“While studying the first and second foundation in CAVA, I created a number of realistic paintings such as ‘Pattadakal’, ‘Hampi Watercolor Painting’, and ‘Mallikarjuna Temple’ as a part of my learning process. We were also sent on a one-month study tour to stay in one or two places to do nature inspired paintings. I have also sculpted in college, besides graphic and painting, as we were taught art on both flat and 3D surfaces.
Personally, I am not a fan of abstract paintings as paintings, for me, are a means of communication, not confusion. Although I cannot foresee the future, for now, I am certain that my paintings are easy to resonate with and can form a connection with their reader. My artwork is symbolic of a body to body touch, the heartfelt connection of skin to skin.”
Art Shows & Exhibitions
Work Exhibition in World Art Dubai
“My very first art exhibition was in 2012-13 at Gallery Nature Morte, Hotel Oberoi, Gurgaon. I was one of the five artists selected to exhibit my collection. In fact, I continue to maintain a friendly relationship with the organizers. Next, I displayed my work at the College of Art (now called Forum Art), then at Art District 13, New Delhi, followed by the World Art Dubai 2019. This year, I showcased at the CIMA Awards Show 2022 at the GEM Cinema, which is one of the oldest theaters in Kolkata.”
National Award Winner
“It was a startling experience – from being nominated for the International Artist Award at the World Art Dubai, 2018 to finally winning a National Award. It has inspired me to create more and more artworks. After four nominations, this award was my art validation that I had awaited for a long time. For the National Award, I reworked on the ‘I Have A Dream’ painting several times in order to strengthen its symbolism. This painting was then sold to a Mumbai client with the changed title ‘Journey Without Destination’.”
Shivanand, an Inspiration for Many
With Father After Receiving The National Award
“Nowadays, I believe we must consider ourselves fortunate that we have so much exposure and that we save connection time through our smart devices. I would like to suggest to the budding artists that it is imperative to stop making art for their social media in the form of reels. In actual fact, they must commence enjoying the process rather than focus on finishing the artwork. In this way, anyone can create brilliant artwork.”
Future Plans
“For now there are many thoughts as I plan to showcase my paintings next year in Bangalore. Next, I can do a preview show as I will be approaching galleries outside India. I am also coming with a new series which I won’t reveal right aways. Although I can tell that in this series, each and every painting is different from each other, yet there will be a connection, either subject-wise or the way I treat the surface.”
It has never been easier to get from one place to another. With tons of options and types of public transport in India available in our times, it is usually no problem traveling or commuting. Yet, in an age when even space travel is a possibility, the old world charm of travel is not too hard to recreate.
In India, there is a stark existence of many worlds that interact and collide with each other. A lot of modes of public transportation ply within the country, yet they all manage to exist as unique entities. Modern travel entails the use of the airways, railways and several road transports, such as cars, bikes, buses etc. But in rural, as well as urban areas there still remain transportations that dates back to many years. Some have been retained due to their practical usage, whereas others are remainders of relics of eras gone by.
Every country has its unique modes of transportation. They are an integral part of the economy, as well as the infrastructure of a city. Also, connectivity to different places along with the ease and speed of travel are important indicators of the efficiency of a town. Big metros are always well connected either through air, rail or road routes. Highways, railway stations and airports are signs of prosperity that make a destination accessible. On the other hand, a place least connected is often considered economically less viable.
In India the metros and Tier 1 and 2 cities are often well connected. However, there are still many parts of the country that do not have a railway station, let alone an airport. There are towns and villages that are connected by roads or waterways only. In fact, there are thousands of villages that still do not have proper road or rail connectivity. Also, there are other areas that are connected by one form of transport and not the other. For example, Sikkim is the only state in India that is not connected by railroads.
However, the remoteness of a destination often makes it a place of untouched beauty. A large number of natural wonders are difficult to get to. The limited crowd and reduced connectivity help retain its unadulterated natural splendor.
Types of Public Transport in India – A Cultural Overview
Image – Pixabay
In India there are a set of basic public modes of transport that are by and large the main mediums of connectivity across the country. The Indian Railways for example, is the fourth largest network in the world covering more than 67000 km in route. Similarly, the roadway system is a labyrinth of networks that veer into the different parts of the nation. The National Highways for instance, connect all the states but contribute to 2% of the entire road infrastructure. For water transport too, there are inland, ocean and coastal transportation.
Yet, there are some distinct types of transports that are typical and representative of the Indian landscape. Railways are an important line that connects places intra and inter states, districts and even cities. One cannot forget the Mumbai Local trains when one thinks of trains. Neither can the cultural and social bonhomie that are attached to travel by Indian trains.
No matter the distances, the railways have always been a colorful experience. Whether it is the ‘chhuk chhuk’ that is synonymous with trains in rhymes and literature or the pantry that keeps sending its uniformed goodie men into compartments at regular intervals. The hustle at stations, the sound of announcements and beeps, the book stalls and snack counters or the juice and hot chai. Railways invoke memories of summer holidays or are the reality of commuting on a daily basis. Either way, rail travel is always a bit more than just a way of getting to another destination.
Similarly, road travel conjures images of roadside dhabas. The sumptuous lip-smacking food that accompanies a good stretch of legs. The toll stations, the overcrowded buses with people on rooftops, the deliriously busy bus stations or the breezy, sometimes bumpy, sometimes dreamy ride all along.
When one thinks of water travel, the ferry is an instant pop up. The tourist boat rides or the large ships that dock on the horizon. The houseboats of Kerala and Kashmir or the coracle and paddles.
Every mode of transport that is an integral part of the economy and infrastructure, also carries with it social, cultural and regional nuances.
There are a few transport systems of the country that are special. They are special not necessarily because of their speed or technology driven inventions. But their uniqueness lies in their regional and cultural context. Here is taking a look at some of the transports that are distinctive to parts of India.
Hand rickshaws are pulled by a human and are still seen in parts of Kolkata. Though a lot of debate continues to be centered on whether this kind of transport is inhuman, the pullers see it as their means of survival. With a gamcha and their little round bells they run pulling the handle of the rickshaw as passengers sit on the chairs sheltered by a roof.
Another old world nostalgia from Kolkata trams were quite popular several decades ago. But today, trams survive only in the City of Dreams and trudge along in quietude and traffic at its own peaceful pace. A wonderful mode of transport for those who are not in a hurry.
Cycle rickshaws are where the riders cycle the passengers from one place to another. The cycle rickshaws are structured differently in different parts of the country and may vary in shape and size. For example, the cycle rickshaws in Old City Hyderabad make passengers squat tight, whereas, in parts of UP, West Bengal etc. are higher in elevation.
Tonga, tanga or horse carts are horse driven and made iconic by Basanti in Sholay. However, the tanga is a mode of transport in many parts of India, such as MP, Rajasthan, Punjab, UP, West Bengal and more.
Coracles are popular amongst tourists visiting South India. However, in places like Hampi, Tungabhadra it continues to be a mode of transport for the locals. Ferries are the best transports in cities that are divided by rivers or waterways. In Kerala and West Bengal the ferry is a cheap and fuel saving mode of transport for many.
Auto rickshaws ply in many other parts of the world too. Yet, in India it is one of the most convenient for local travels. Hugely helpful in traversing narrow lanes and zipping through traffic, the autos are spread across the country. Some have lights, some music. Some are shared, some private. But this three wheeled wonder is a packed cultural bonanza for sure.
The chhakda is most popular in Gujarat. A motorcycle driven vehicle the latter half of it is a carrier. Often called the ‘commercial lifeline of Gujarat’, the chhakda is seen within cities, as much as across city borders on highways.
We of course, do not mean trains that children play with. But a toy train ride is a fabulous experience. Built during British time, some of these narrow gauge trains are still in use. The most famous toy train rides can be taken to or from Darjeeling, Matheran, and Kalka-Shimla.
There are several rides that tourists can enjoy. They don’t essentially always are considered as modes of travel or transport. But it is a great leisurely tour of constricted areas. Some of these include, the houseboats in Kashmir and Kerala, camel rides and hot air balloon rides in Rajasthan, the horse rides in Matheran, elephant rides in parts of Kerala and the Yak rides in Sikkim.
Transport is far more than just a way of travel. The conversations with riders/drivers and fellow passengers, the sharing of food and topics, the understanding of the culture of the land are all a vital part of travel in India.
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