Kondapalli Bommalu – A Culture Concentrated on Toys

November 6, 2023

Kondapalli-Bommalu-01 — Image – Balamurugan Natarajan/Flickr

Toys are an integral part of a child’s life. While toys may be viewed as and dismissed as just toys- a medium of entertainment for children- by many, they are much more than just that. Apart from delighting children, traditional toys of a region can act as an educative medium about the culture, lifestyles and beliefs of the place. The earliest found identifiable toys in India came from the Indus valley civilisations about five thousand years ago, and a long, unbroken tradition of making toys has continued in many regions across India since then. From the Asharikandi toys of Assam to the Vilachery toys of the Vilachery village in Tamil Nadu, the category of traditional Indian toys is one that is rich with diversity.

History of Kondapalli Bommalu

Kondapalli-Bommalu-02 — Image – Harsha Vardhan/Flickr

Southern India is known for its beautiful traditional wooden toys. The Kondapalli toys of Andhra Pradesh are a part of one such long tradition of making traditional toys. The origins of these toys date back centuries- the craft was said to have started when Rajasthani toy makers migrated to Vijayawada in Andhra Pradesh in the sixteenth century, with the incentive of patronage by the local king of the Reddy clan. This legend originates from the fact that the toys closely resemble Rajasthani crafts of this period.

Artisans Who Create Kondapalli Toys

Kondapalli-Bommalu-03 — Image – Harsha Vardhan/Flickr

Kondapalli toys are traditionally made by a community called ‘Arya Kshatriyas’, who are also known as ‘Nakarshalu’. The community claims their lineage to that of the revered sage Muktharishi, who was said to have been blessed by Shiva himself with unparalleled skills in arts and crafts. They are even mentioned in the Brahmanda Purana, one of the oldest of the eighteen mahapuranas.

Today, the artisans lead a humble life, and are settled in a small colony called ‘Bommala colony’ or ‘toys colony’ in the village of Kondapalli in the Krishna district, near Vijayawada in the state of Andhra Pradesh. This is where the magic happens- what appears to be a simple, sleepy village is a hub for the preservation of this centuries-old craft, as is evidenced by the muffled scrapes and knocks one can hear from the small home workshops in the village.

Process and uniqueness of Kondapalli Toys

Kondapalli-Bommalu-04 — Image – Harsha Vardhan/Flickr

While Kondapalli toys look deceptively simple, making them is not an easy process. The most distinctive of their features include the vibrant colours and their surprisingly light weights- this is because they are made only with a light weight wood called ‘Tella Panki’. Pieces of this wood undergo a long and slow heat treatment process to rid it of any moisture, giving the toys their distinctive ultra-light weight characteristic. The different components of the toys are then carved separately and attached with a glue made of tamarind seed paste. After the toys are attached and assembled, they are carved and attached, the artisans smooth out the surface of the toys using a paste made of water, tamarind seed paste and sawdust and sand it till they get the desired result.

After this dries, they apply an adhesive made of lime, to prime the wood and give it the white coloured base. They start colouring the wood in oil based colours of vibrant hues when the primer sets. This is delicate work and requires painstaking precision. Themes of the Kondapalli toys are those of village life and the vast, rich subject of Indian mythology – the features of the many Dasavataras of Vishnu, bullock cart drivers, farmers and Ram – Sita – Lakshmana sets are painted with thin brushes in a simple yet beautiful style.

Recognition for Kondapalli Toys

Andhra-Pradesh-Arts-and-Crafts — Image – Kondapalli toys sals & manufacturing

The toys have been given their due recognition to an extent. The bommala colony where the artisans now reside was established by the then Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, NT Rama Rao in 1987 to help the artisans coordinate in sales and craftsmanship. They were also given the GI or the Geographical Indication tag in 2006.

Present state of Kondapalli Toys

Today, the state of the Kondapalli toys and the artisans is not very rosy despite the recognition. Competition from foreign toy makers, specifically mass-produced cheaper Chinese toys. Despite their history and beauty, people prefer Chinese toys because they are flashier, automated and cheaper. Another problem is the scarcity of the ‘Tella panki’ wood, which is soft and requires high maintenance. The Andhra Pradesh state government has also set up a wood bank with an aim to distribute the wood to the artisans at a nominal price. Gone are the days of royal patronage for the makers of Kondapalli toys. The Andhra Pradesh government state handicraft store chain, Lepakshi and the Lanco Institute of General Humanitarian Trust are doing their best to preserve this craft and provide a platform for the artisans to sell it.

Despite the reduction in the interest in the Kondapalli and traditional toys in general in recent years, there is a growing niche of customers enamoured by traditional handmade crafts. However, the artisans are unaware of ways to connect with their customer base directly, and rely mostly on sales from their workshops, which isn’t always feasible. Luxury handicraft brands sell these toys at high prices, but take a large share of the money, not leaving the artisans better off. Kondapalli toy makers are in desperate need of an online platform to sell these toys, without the interference of middlemen.

Conclusion

In a world where mass-produced goods dominate the market, Kondapalli toys are a reminder of the beauty and value of handmade craftsmanship with centuries of history and heritage. Looking beyond the idea of cheap, flashy Chinese toys, the common populace must start recognising the value and significance of traditional crafts like the Kondapalli toys. By understanding the woes of the artisans, buying their works and possibly helping them set up platforms to sell their works, we can help preserve this beautiful art form and the history it represents, keeping it alive for future generations to enjoy.

Suggested Read –

Etikoppaka Toys – Andhra’s Heritage in Wood
Play, Learn and Preserve – The GI Tagged Toys of India

Interesting Facts About the Diverse Land of South India

Gayathri Thatavarthi

November 2, 2023

South India is known for a lot of things- Idli, Dosa, Sambhar, temples, Madras and Tamil to name a few. Unfortunately, this is all that many non-South Indians know and see of the region, missing out on its uniqueness in many other facets. The region reigns supreme not just in culinary diversity, but also in linguistic, historical and ecological importance! These are ten facts for everyone who wants to better their understanding of the beauty of the region.

1. Tamil is the oldest living language in the world

Tamil has a rich history spanning over two millennia. With its origins in southern India, Tamil boasts a vibrant literary tradition, encompassing classical poetry, philosophical works, and scientific treatises. Sangam literature, one of the oldest and widest spanning categories of literature in the world, is written entirely in the Tamil language.

Suggested read –Oldest Indian Languages That Survived For Ages

2. The Chola Dynasty had one of the world’s largest Navies

Facts About the Diverse Land of South India Chola_dynasty — Image – Wikimedia

The Cholas were one of the South’s most powerful ruling dynasties. They had taken over the Indian ocean and all that it bordered, including Cambodia, Thailand and Sri Lanka. This, of course, required a mighty navy. The Chola Navy was instrumental in establishing hard and soft power over neighbouring nations. While the Cholas did not have dedicated warships, they had large ships that could transport thousands of soldiers at once. Besides, the Cholas wielded their maritime prowess of 500-1000 ships in diplomatic and trading spheres, and established their soft power over the territories around the Indian ocean.

3. Hampi, capital of the Vijayanagara dynasty, is home to a plethora of architectural innovations

Heritage-of-Karnataka-Hampi — Hampi – Roehan Rengadurai via Flickr

The ruins of Hampi in Karnataka is one of the most celebrated wonders of South India. The erstwhile capital of the Vijayanagara empire houses many architectural marvels.

One of the most wondrous buildings in Hampi is the Vitthala temple. The Vitthala temple is a temple dedicated to Lord Vitthala, a form of Lord Krishna and is built like a large campus with multiple buildings. Every part of the granite temple is marvellously carved with profuse sculptures, but the most awe-inspiring features of the temple is the musical pillar section. The Musical pillars of the Vitthala temple are what they sound like- upon being struck, these pillars make sounds in tone with the classical Indian music notes – Sa, Re, Ga, Ma…. Such was the technology of the times.

There are many architectural wonders like this in Hampi. While the sheer grandeur of the ruins can stun anyone, there is a lot more than what meets the eye. While today, none of us can imagine a building without cement and mortar, the entirety of Hampi was built without any binding agent! The bricks were made in such a manner that they interlocked without the need of a binding agent. The innovations hidden amidst the sprawling ruins of Hampi are truly astonishing.

Suggested read – UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Karnataka

4. More than ninety percent of India’s sandalwood comes from the South

Facts About the Diverse Land of South India Sandal Wood — Image – Kinshuk Sunil Via Flickr

Sandalwood is coveted for a number of reasons- its ethereal perfume, its medicinal properties and its role in religious rituals. India is one of the abodes of this divine tree. Suited to tropical climate, moderate altitude and rainfall and well-draining soil, the hilly forests of South India, Karnataka, in particular, provide ideal conditions for the growth of these trees. The fragrant tree, coveted for its luxuriant heartwood, grows widely in these states. The state of Karnataka itself accounts for more than ninety percent of India’s sandalwood production and more than half the area under sandalwood cultivation

5. The Sri Venkateswara Swamy temple in Tirupati is the most visited temple in the world

Facts-About-the-Diverse-Land-of-South-India Sri Venkateswara Swamy temple — Image – Wikimedia

The temples of South India are famous not just in India, but across the world for their stunning architecture, their significance in Hinduism and rich history. Amongst the many temples that dot the landscape of South India, the Sri Venkateshwara Swamy temple in Tirumala is one of the most famous and beautiful. The murthi of Sri Venkateshwara Swamy in the temple is said to be a manifestation of Lord Vishnu’s divine plan to settle in the region. The temple, for this reason and many others, is believed to be very powerful, and is visited by millions of people every year. The temple, on an average, sees about thirty to forty million visitors every year and fifty thousand to one hundred thousand visitors per day, while this shoots up five fold on special occasions!

6. India’s only active volcano is located in the Andamans

Facts About the Diverse Land of South India Barren Volcano — Image – Wikimedia

India’s diversity of landscape is well known. From the beautiful hilly coastal towns of the South to the mighty Himalayas in the far north, from the deserts of the west to the marshy jungles of the East. However, did you know that there is an active volcano in India too?

Yes, this is true. In the Andaman and Nicobar islands in the Arabian ocean, one of the islands, namely Barren Island, is the only active volcano in India. The first known eruption is believed to be in 1787, while the last major significant eruption was as recent as six years ago.

7. The eighteen hundred year old Kallanai Dam in Tamil Nadu is India’s oldest dam

Facts-About-the-Diverse-Land-of-South-India-Kallanai-Dam — Image – Wikimedia

The Cholas were one of South India’s most powerful dynasties and left behind a legacy of marvellous architecture, and far-sighted planning and governance models. The eighteen hundred year old Kallanai dam in Tamil Nadu serves as a testament to the far-sighted planning and architectural prowess of the dynasty.

The Kallanai dam, also known as the Grand Anicut today, is the world’s fourth oldest and India’s oldest water dam that is still in use. The Kallanai was built in the second century CE by King Karikalan Cholan to divert the water flow of the Cauvery and promote better irrigation in the delta region. The dam was later remodelled by the British to increase its capacity, and it still continues to be in use today. The dam is located in Trichy and is still functioning. It is a mark of the ancient architectural knowledge of the South.

8. The Nilgiri Biosphere reserve hosts the largest elephant population in India

The Nilgiri Biosphere reserve is India’s first designated Biosphere reserve. Spanning more than 5500 square kilometres and located in the state of Tamil Nadu, the reserve is one of the most diverse in not just India, but the world. Fourteen species of birds, fifty percent of India’s amphibian species, two hundred medicinal plants and one hundred and thirty two flowering plants are endemic to the reserve. As is seen, the region is one of the most biologically diverse areas in not just India, but the world. The reserve is also well known for hosting the largest elephant population of over 5500 Asian elephants in India! The Nilgiri Biosphere reserve includes the Nilgiri elephant corridor, an important natural passage that allows elephants to continue their natural nomadic way of life and maintain genetic diversity.

9. The state of Kerala has the highest sex ratio in India

Kerala is known for a number of reasons- the highest literacy rate in India, its beautiful backwaters and lush green hills. However, these are not all the accolades the state has to its name. The state is known for its progressive outlook towards women empowerment and equality, and this can be seen in the fact that it also has the highest sex ratio in India. As a matter of fact, according to the 2011 census, this is the only state where women outnumber men, with 1084 women per 1000 men!

10. The designer of India’s national flag, Pingali Venkaiah, is from Andhra Pradesh

Facts-About-the-Diverse-Land-of-South-IndiaPingali_Venkayya — Image – Wikimedia

The tricolour- a beautiful blend of saffron for sacrifice, white for peace, green for fertility with the Ashok Chakra in the middle of them all, symbolising development and progress. The Indian national flag is revered and cherished by all of us. However, not many know the flag’s history and the man behind it.

Pingali Venkaiah was born on 2 August, 1866 in Machilipatnam, Andhra Pradesh. At nineteen years old, he enrolled in the British Indian Army and was deployed to South Africa during the second Boer war, when they were made to salute the Union Jack. This is when Venkaiah realised the need for an Indian flag more than ever, and this was when he first met MK Gandhi, beginning his journey in India’s freedom struggle.

After the war, Venkaiah settled down back in Andhra Pradesh and began getting more involved in the happenings of the freedom struggle. He attended the All India Congress Committee session in Calcutta in 1906, when he first resolved to design the national flag. Thereafter he designed several drafts for a national flag, and in 1916, he even published a book titled ‘Bharatha Desaniki oka Jathiya Pathakam’, meaning ‘A national flag for India’ with thirty different flag designs. Gandhi personally asked Venkaiah to design flags starting from the 1921 AICC conference in Bezawada, and worked with him for a while before the national flag in its current form was finally used in 1931.

Suman Kabiraj: The Award Winning Artist Transforming Kolkata’s Landscape

Gayathri Thatavarthi

October 27, 2023

Mural art is rooted deep in Indian culture. Over centuries, traditional art forms have emerged throughout India, representing local culture and traditions. However, today, with quick and easy travel and instant access to information from around the world, a number of artists are incorporating global elements to represent the unique local cultures. One of them is Suman Kabiraj from Kolkata.

Suman Kabiraj is a passionate artist from the city of Kolkata who has transformed the landscape of the city with his lively, fresh murals that depict stories of Kolkata and India -stories of resilience. His art is uniquely contemporary in style while depicting the age old traditions, people and culture of our country.

He pursued his MFA from Government College of Art and Craft, University of Calcutta in 2007. Ever since, he has made an indelible mark on different sites of Calcutta with his vast mural work and represented the country in several contemporary art shows and art events worldwide. He has also received several prestigious awards and scholarships like the Governor’s gold medal, Kalanand National award ,Kalanand Scholarship, Gaganendranath Tagore Memorial Award, Camlin Euro Professional Visit Scholarship, Rashbehari Dutta Memorial Award, Sunil Das Scholarship , Gopen Roy Memorial Award and the Mukul Dey graphics Award.

Suman Kabiraj has carved his niche in the world of art. We wanted to know more about his journey and spoke to him over the phone. The following is his interaction with him.

How did you begin your journey as an artist? Where did all of this start?

While I was in school, I was attracted to drawing and painting, no matter what subject it was. I was very happy to draw geography diagrams or biology diagrams. As I pursued my interest, a few of my achievements in national children’s art contests encouraged me. While I was pursuing my Masters, I got a chance to go to Europe through an art foundation and visited different traditional and modern-day art galleries and museums of London and Paris. It became an opportunity for me to open my eyes via world art and grasp master artists’ works to view. After completion of my MFA in art college I began to do experiments and attempted to construct my very own art language.

What were the challenges you faced in carving your niche and being successful as an artist?

The primary challenge for artists is staying motivated and consistent. Creating art can be a long and arduous process. It requires dedication and hard work. Staying focused and dedicating time and resources to creating artwork is essential for an artist to develop their craft and create pieces that can stand out.

In addition to that, as with any creative endeavor, financial stability can be an obstacle. It is important for an artist to have an understanding of the economical side too. Additionally, an artist must be able to network and find opportunities to showcase their artwork. That takes time and effort.

Why did you choose India, and particularly Kolkata as your muses? What drives your passion to represent our country in your work?

As a creative artist, India has always been a source of inspiration for me. With its vibrant culture, colorful festivals, and rich history, it is the perfect muse for me to express my creative ideas through my art. I also find inspiration in the beauty and charm of India’s landscapes and culture. For me, India is a land of dreams, a place of endless possibilities. By creating art inspired by our country, I hope to bring the beauty, spirit, and culture of India to life.

Kolkata, in particular, has been my main source of inspiration. I’m constantly in awe of the city’s vibrancy, its bustling streets, people and its diverse cultures. Its architecture, with its grand edifices and colossal buildings, provides me with endless inspiration for my art. The hustle and bustle of the city, its chaotic energy, and the warm hospitality of its inhabitants make it a great place to explore and create.

You had mentioned that your style is a combination of classic and contemporary art forms. What art forms are you most influenced by, and what themes are you primarily interested in?

Different art forms of classical Indian art and western modern and contemporary art constitute my language of art. Mughal and Rajasthani miniature art and their exceptional architectural styles are represented in a recontextualized pattern in my works. Sometimes, very different themes from nuclear power symbols to geographical diagrams, and the beauty of the structure of even microorganisms inspire me. My artwork is very diverse, but is usually naturalistic.

How has art influenced you in other spheres of your life?

Art can have a major impact on an artist’s outlook and their approach to life. The act of creating art is a form of therapy- to work through difficult emotions and challenges that arise in my life. By focusing on the creative process, an artist can draw on their inner strength and find a way to express themselves in a unique way. This can also lead to a greater understanding of one’s own emotions and ideas, which can lead to greater self-confidence as I have experienced.

Art can also be a source of inspiration for me. Seeing the world in art can spark new ideas and give me a sense of motivation. This can help to stay focused on my own creative goals. It can also help to stay connected to my passion, even when it feels like I lost my way.

Through art, an artist can share their ideas and feelings, and connect with like-minded people. This can help to build relationships, as well as to spread awareness about certain causes or issues.

From your perspective as an artist, how does art influence and change the world?

Art has the power to educate and inform. Art can be used to teach important values such as justice and equality. It can also be used to promote awareness about important social issues such as climate change, poverty, and inequality.

It also helps bring people together. By creating art, people can share their experiences and perspectives with others. Art can be used to bridge cultural divides, inspire conversations, and foster understanding.

A message to aspiring artists?

First, it is important to understand that success in the art world begins with passion. If you are passionate about art, you will be more likely to find success and fulfilment in the art world. Passion is the driving force behind any successful artist, and it is essential that you nurture your passion for art in order to achieve success.

Second, it is important to develop a strong portfolio of work. Whether you are a painter, sculptor, photographer, or any other type of artist, having a portfolio of work that showcases your skills and talents is essential for success. A portfolio of work will give potential clients or galleries a sense of who you are as an artist and what type of art you create.

While many overlook this, it is also very important to build relationships with other artists and art professionals. Having a strong network of contacts can help you to find opportunities, make connections, and get your work seen.

Finally, it is important to stay true to yourself and your art. Don’t be afraid to experiment and create art that expresses who you are. Your art should reflect your unique perspective and style, and it should be something that you are proud of.

Ultimately, I believe that success in the art world is possible, but it is up to you to find your own path and make your dreams a reality.

6 Unique Salwar Suit Styles We’re Loving in 2023

Cscope Staff

October 26, 2023

Salwar suits are undoubtedly one of the most versatile and timeless outfits in a woman’s wardrobe. These graceful ensembles have transcended borders to become a global fashion statement. If you’re on the lookout for some variety in your ethnic wear collection, here are six different types of salwar suits for you to explore.

1. Anarkali Salwar Suits:

The Anarkali salwar suit is a symbol of timeless elegance and grace. These suits are characterised by their long, flowy kurta and fitted churidar or leggings. Anarkalis come in a wide range of fabrics, from silk to georgette, and can be heavily embellished or kept simple for a more understated look. They are perfect for festive occasions, weddings, and grand celebrations.

2. Palazzo Salwar Suits:

The palazzo salwar suits are the epitome of comfort and style. Palazzo pants are wide-legged, flowing trousers that are paired with a straight-cut or A-line kurta. This combination exudes a modern and chic vibe, making it ideal for both casual and formal events. The wide range of prints, patterns, and fabrics available ensures that you can find a palazzo suit for any occasion.

3. Patiala Salwar Suits:

Patiala salwar suits hail from Punjab and are known for their distinctive, pleated, and voluminous pants. These suits often feature short kurtas with intricate work, and they are a popular choice for festivals and family gatherings. The comfort and unique style of the Patiala suit makes it a favourite among women of all ages.

4. Churidar Salwar Suits:

Churidar salwar suits are a classic choice that never goes out of style. The churidar is a tightly fitted, tapered trouser that gathers at the ankles, providing a sleek and sophisticated look. Pair it with a straight-cut kurta for a formal event, or choose an embroidered Anarkali kurta for a more opulent feel. Churidar suits are suitable for office wear, parties, and special occasions.

5. Straight-Cut Salwar Suits:

For a more streamlined and contemporary look, the straight-cut salwar suit is a perfect choice. The kurta in this ensemble is designed to fall in a straight line, creating a clean and structured appearance. These suits can be styled with a variety of bottoms, such as churidars, palazzos, or even trousers, making them incredibly versatile for different occasions.

6. Jacket Salwar Suits:

Jacket-style salwar suits are a fusion of traditional and contemporary elements. They feature a jacket or long shrug that can be layered over a kurta, adding a touch of glamour and sophistication to the outfit. These suits are perfect for weddings, receptions, and formal events. The jacket can be plain, embroidered, or heavily embellished, offering a range of options to suit your personal style.

No matter which type of salwar suit you choose, the key to making a lasting impression is in the details – the right accessories, makeup, and hairstyle can elevate your look and make you the centre of attention. So, explore these diverse styles and let your inner fashionista shine in the world of salwar suits.

How to Balance Electric Loads with Strategic Energy Storage

Cscope Staff

October 26, 2023

Facility managers face a constant challenge – balancing electric loads to avoid demand spikes that lead to higher costs. With thoughtful planning and the strategic use of capacitor banks, it is possible to smooth facility loads, avoid peaks, and reduce electricity expenses. This article explains the benefits of capacitor banks and provides a guide to leveraging them for better energy management.

Introduction

Electricity is a major expense for industrial and commercial facilities, often one of the largest after-personnel costs. While energy efficiency measures can help reduce consumption, managing loads to avoid demand peaks is another part of the equation. Most electricity providers charge higher rates based on peak demand – a facility’s maximum power draw during a billing cycle. A spike in consumption, even for a short period, can significantly inflate the demand charge.

Load management is crucial but difficult to optimize in facilities with variable processes or operations. Producing a steady, even load profile is ideal. This is where capacitor banks come in. These devices strategically placed around a facility help smooth loads by providing reactive power support at key times. This article provides an overview of using capacitor banks to balance facility loads and avoid costly demand spikes.

Capacitor Bank Basics

A capacitor bank is a grouping of individual capacitor units combined to work as a single reactive power resource. Capacitors store energy in an electrostatic field between a pair of conductors. When connected to an AC circuit, they exchange current with the system in an alternating charge and discharge cycle. This interaction provides needed reactive power, measured in volt-amperes reactive (VARs).

Capacitors help stabilize voltage, improve power factors, and reduce line losses associated with inductive loads. They provide reactive power support to offset the reactive demand of motors, transformers, induction furnaces, welding sets, and other inductive equipment. Facility loads with many of these devices can benefit dramatically from capacitor banks.

Capacitor units are combined switchable banks, so reactive power can be applied where and when needed. Banks typically range from 100 kVAR to over 10 MVAR in size. They are placed at key substations, switchboards, or large motor loads. Conductors, switches, protective equipment, and controls allow the banks to be switched on or off as necessary.

Balancing Loads with Capacitor Banks

The main incentive for installing capacitor banks is to avoid demand charges for peak consumption. Electricity providers apply demand charges to a facility’s maximum 15-minute or 30-minute average load throughout a billing period. A single spike in usage can disproportionately inflate this peak demand measurement.

Capacitor banks provide reactive power support when loads would otherwise peak, flattening the profile. Using them effectively requires understanding the facility’s load behavior and patterns. While every site is unique, analyzing meter data can reveal when peak demand will likely occur. This may be particular days, times, seasons, or process schedules.

With this knowledge, capacitors can be switched on to provide extra support before these predictable peaks. For example, on weekdays, capacitor banks may be energized mid-afternoon to handle motor start-ups and air conditioning loads. Or they could be used when large process machinery operates during the second shift. Banks sized to cover 10-20% of the facility’s average load are often adequate for load smoothing.

To optimize the system, capacitors should be placed as close as possible to motor loads. This provides reactive support at the source before line losses can sap voltage. Capacitor switching can be automated based on load monitoring to respond dynamically rather than on fixed schedules. The goal is to provide just enough VARs to flatten peaks without overcompensating, leading to reverse VAR flow.

Case Study: Peak Load Reduction

An industrial packaging plant incurs high demand charges from seasonal equipment start-ups in the summer months. By analyzing their loads, the peaks occurred during the same daily period in summer when chillers, air compressors, and conveyor motors needed to start up.

Three 800 kVAR capacitor banks were installed at the main switchboard to provide reactive power before and during the problem timeframe. This reduced the average peak demand from 21 MW to 19 MW, saving over $100,000 annually in electricity demand charges. The $90,000 investment in the capacitor banks paid for itself in under a year through load smoothing.

Other Capacitor Bank Considerations

Proper equipment selection, installation, and maintenance are needed to realize the benefits of capacitor banks for load management. Capacitors should be specified in kVAR sizes appropriate for the application with voltage, current, and frequency ratings that match the system. Protective devices are critical to isolate faults and prevent damage.

Capacitors can fail over time, leading to blown fuses. Periodic inspections detect signs of deterioration so banks can be serviced proactively. Environmental conditions also impact life expectancy. Capacitors should be kept clean and dry with adequate air circulation. Facilities planning to expand production lines or new loads in the future should account for this in capacitor sizing.

Conclusion

Capacitor banks effectively smooth electric loads and avoid costly demand spikes for industrial and large commercial facilities. Strategically placed near inductive loads, they inject reactive power to stabilize voltage sags during motor start-ups and peak operating periods.

Understanding a facility’s load behavior is key to properly sizing and switching capacitor banks when and where they are needed. The result is a flatter, steadier load profile and reduced peak demand charges. With the proper capacitor bank implementation, facilities can realize significant savings from better load management. The initial investment pays back rapidly in reduced electricity expenses.

Durga Puja – A Time to Celebrate the Goddess Within Every Woman

Tasneem Sariya

October 24, 2023

Arindam Mitra – Arindam Mitra via Flickr

It’s that time of the year again, when anyone associated with Bengal in anyway, understands and looks forward to the Pujos. And though Durga Puja is well-known, its history and its modes of celebration are almost world acclaimed; there is a certain aspect of it that needs slight more elaboration.

It’s that time of the year again! It’s the time when Durga comes to her parents’ home with her children. Yes, the annual home coming of the mother to her original home is celebrated in the very place that a few months ago was trending on social media because of another daughter claiming at her marriage ceremony that she wasn’t going to cry because, of course, she would be coming back often to her ‘maternal ‘home.

This bride refused to acknowledge the age old ritual that once married; the daughter needs to call her husband’s home as her own. That her rights over her own home are diminished, just as her visits and her involvement in the family. Lauded by almost everyone, she set the tone and rhetoric for generations of past and present women who probably have the same thoughts and feeling, but are not able to neither express nor act in accordance.

So how does Durga Puja figure here? Durga Puja is about the victory of good over evil, about the power of a woman who can destroy wickedness if she decides to do so. It is about a mother and the celebration of motherhood that sustains life and all creation in general. And hence, when Durga comes to her natal home from her divine abode in Kailash, there is something about her wholeness and her emotions that resonate with every woman. The spirit of Durga Puja is thus very special, because in spite of being a Goddess, Durga is a bit like every other woman. And every woman in turn is a bit like a Goddess herself.

There is a yearning for going home, a sense of celebration when one visits the place of childhood and growing up years, of meeting up with old neighbors and friends, of sneaking into the school and college of yesteryears and of catching up on gossip and truths left behind. It is a sense of homecoming that is hard to describe because in some sense it is home that remains so for only a couple of weeks before it is time to leave it behind to continue with what our lives really embroil. It could mean coming home after marriage, from a break at the university or from work. Yet, coming home signifies arrays of emotions that keep us grounded and remind us of whom and what we essentially set out to be.

Durga Puja is perhaps an amalgamation of all such feelings. But yes, its major significance also lies on the lives of especially women. Who can forget Sindur Khela here? A ritual carried out on the last day of Durga Puja, is where married women smear the sindur on each other’s faces and on the feet and forehead of the Goddess. It symbolizes the woman protecting her husband and children from all evil and praying for a happy marital life. Recently, through various campaigns Sindur Khela has been opened up in certain sections to all women, including those who are widowed, unmarried, transgender or even those from red-light areas.

The point is that Durga Puja is about prayers, about the coming together of people across religion, about creativity and art, about culture and social bonhomie. But it also about its daughters, daughter-in-laws, wives, sisters and friends. It is about establishing a course of life that sticks with the societal norms and yet finds its wings to fly back to the divine. In fact, it is always not about physically coming home or in reality doing away with an evil person. It is about finding what home means to you, about fighting the wickedness that we all are so susceptible to and to nurture and create something that is so beautiful that it becomes a part of us, as it grows with us.

Here is wishing that every woman finds the Goddess that she truly is within her and has the courage to make any place home. That she spreads her love and care far and wide, yet fills her heart with these same emotions first. Because well, that is what she deserves – The pujo, the prayer that she seeks in Durga, is what she finds in herself too.

10 Best Attractions to Visit in Europe

Cscope Staff

October 18, 2023

Europe, a continent adorned with unparalleled cultural and historical richness, harbors a plethora of awe-inspiring attractions. Among these, the Louvre Museum in Paris reigns as an epitome of art and history, offering a glimpse of masterpieces like the Mona Lisa. The Eiffel Tower, an emblematic symbol of romance, provides breathtaking views of Paris. The Colosseum in Rome echoes the grandeur of the Roman Empire, and the Acropolis of Athens showcases Greece’s architectural prowess. Each site narrates tales of the past, promising an unforgettable exploration through time and heritage.

Louvre Museum, Paris, France

The Louvre Museum in Paris, France, stands as a crown jewel among Europe’s attractions. Boasting a treasure trove of art and history, visitors can marvel at the enigmatic Mona Lisa, the majestic Winged Victory of Samothrace, and the elegant Venus de Milo. The Louvre Museum tickets offer access to a world of artistic brilliance, a journey through time and creativity that enchants and educates, making it an absolute must-visit destination for any art aficionado.

Eiffel Tower, Paris, France

If you’re planning a trip to Europe, the Eiffel Tower in Paris is an absolute must-see. As an enduring symbol of romance and architectural brilliance, ascending this iconic landmark promises breathtaking views of the City of Light. To make the most of your visit, consider booking Eiffel Tower tickets in advance, ensuring a seamless and memorable experience at this world-renowned attraction. Don’t miss this opportunity to immerse yourself in the magic of Paris from the heights of the Eiffel Tower.

Colosseum, Rome, Italy

Stepping into the Colosseum in Rome is akin to time travel, an immersion into the grandeur of the Roman Empire. This ancient amphitheater, a marvel of engineering and architectural prowess, whispers tales of gladiator duels and roaring crowds. Its colossal structure echoes the architectural brilliance of the past, providing a tangible link to the cultural legacy of ancient Rome. As you walk through the corridors and stands where thousands once gathered, you can almost hear the echoes of ancient cheers, and in that moment, history comes alive, painting a vivid picture of a bygone era.

Acropolis of Athens, Greece

Perched atop a rocky outcrop, the Acropolis of Athens commands attention as an iconic citadel. Within its ancient walls, significant architectural gems beckon, none more illustrious than the Parthenon. A journey through this historical site unveils the rich heritage of ancient Greece, showcasing their architectural prowess and the profound influence they’ve had on civilization. The Parthenon, a true crown jewel, stands as a timeless testament to the glorious past, inviting visitors to wander through history and grasp the enduring legacy of a civilization that shaped the course of human development.

Sagrada Familia, Barcelona, Spain

A true testament to Antoni Gaudí’s genius, the Sagrada Familia in Barcelona stands as a beacon of modern architectural marvel. This awe-inspiring basilica weaves a symphony of intricately designed facades and mesmerizing stained glass windows. Gaudí’s vision, reflected in every arch and spire, embodies a sublime blend of art, religion, and architecture. Stepping into this masterpiece is not merely a visit; it’s an encounter with the divine, a profound journey where craftsmanship converges with spirituality, leaving visitors spellbound by the fusion of artistic beauty and devout reverence.

Stonehenge, Wiltshire, England

Stonehenge, a prehistoric marvel shrouded in enigma, beckons with its ancient stone circles that bewilder historians, archaeologists, and visitors alike. The mystery that envelops this monument adds to its allure, leaving all who behold it in awe. A visit to Stonehenge is a journey back in time, granting a glimpse into the ancient world and the unparalleled architectural ingenuity of our ancestors. The standing stones echo an ancient saga, whispering secrets of a civilization lost to the sands of time, inviting contemplation and wonder.

Neuschwanstein Castle, Bavaria, Germany

Perched on a hill amidst breathtaking landscapes, Neuschwanstein Castle emerges like a page from a fairytale. Crafted by Ludwig II of Bavaria, this architectural gem seamlessly fuses Romanesque and Gothic styles, evoking an otherworldly charm. The castle’s ethereal beauty and historical significance render it an absolute must-visit in Europe. As if plucked from the realms of imagination, this castle transports visitors to a time of knights and castles, a realm where dreams blend seamlessly with reality, making Neuschwanstein Castle a timeless and enchanting destination.

The Vatican City, Vatican City

Situated within Rome, the Vatican City is a spiritual and cultural hub, a sovereign city-state that holds immense significance. Within its confines lie treasures like St. Peter’s Basilica, the Sistine Chapel, and Vatican Museums, presenting a mesmerizing collection of religious art and history. Delving into the Vatican’s expanse is akin to a profound journey into the heart of Christianity and its rich artistic legacy.

Prague Castle, Prague, Czech Republic

Majestically perched above the Vltava River, Prague Castle stands as one of Europe’s largest and historically paramount castles. Its historical saga, spanning over a millennium, unfolds through a myriad of architectural styles and an impressive array of palaces, churches, and gardens. A pilgrimage to Prague Castle grants a fascinating glimpse into the annals of Czech history and the opulence of royalty. This iconic castle encapsulates the nation’s past and present, echoing the footsteps of kings and queens, and narrating tales of triumphs and tribulations that have shaped the Czech identity.

Amalfi Coast, Italy

Draped along southern Italy, the Amalfi Coast is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a true coastal jewel. Its mesmerizing stretch is defined by dramatic cliffs, quaint villages, and the azure embrace of the Mediterranean Sea. A sanctuary for nature enthusiasts and those entranced by coastal beauty, this region offers an exquisite tableau of natural wonders. Venturing into the Amalfi Coast allows you to relish the untamed splendor of the Mediterranean.

Stitching Dreams: The Homemaker Who Revolutionised Indian Fashion

Cscope Staff

October 18, 2023

In the vibrant tapestry of India’s fashion landscape, there are numerous brands we come across everyday. However there are only a few that actually connect with us, not just pester us to make another purchase. One such brand that we recently came across is Apella – a homegrown fashion brand that comes with a story most people can relate to. So we decided to do a 5 series Blogs about Apella to share how this brand based in Himachal Pradesh is trying to instil comfort, confidence & happiness through fashion.

A Vision Takes Shape

Behind Apella’s inspiring story is its founder, Ritu Khanduja, a woman who knows firsthand the challenges of navigating the world of fashion with a body shape that doesn’t conform to mainstream standards. Ritu’s personal journey became the catalyst for a brand that seeks to redefine fashion norms.

As Ritu herself acknowledges, the struggle to find outfits that both fit comfortably and inspire confidence is an experience shared by many. In an industry often obsessed with youth and fashion models, Ritu envisioned something different, something revolutionary – a brand that places the individual at the forefront, declaring boldly, “You matter, your size doesn’t.”

From Struggle to Empowerment

The journey that began with a deep personal experience, soon turned into a mission- to empower women & men, who had been told by mainstream fashion brands that they were somehow not perfect. Thus in 2020, was born Apella- a brand that truly cared about ordinary people like me & you, not just fashion influencers or runway models.

Apella is not merely about fashion; it’s about being your companion in celebrating your one-of-a-kind identity. With sizes spanning from XS to an inclusive 10XL, Apella ensures that the perfect fit is within your reach. Yet, there’s more to it – through free customization, Apella goes the extra mile to ensure that your attire is a true reflection of your personality. Within a short span of time, Apella has become one of the most loved brands especially in plus size fashion.

An Experience, Not Just Attire

At Apella, the belief goes beyond delivering clothing; it’s about creating an experience. Behind the scenes is a dedicated team of personal support executives who are poised to accompany you on your fashion journey. From offering style suggestions to providing sizing guidance, they become your trusted allies, ensuring that your purchase isn’t just a transaction but a personalised experience.

From Humble Beginnings to a Complete Wardrobe Solution

What began as a modest venture right from their home has now transformed into a comprehensive solution for your wardrobe needs. Apella doesn’t limit itself to a specific category; it embraces all facets of your wardrobe, from casual wear, formal attire, and leisure outfits to festive and celebration wear, and even maternity clothing.

There is a lot more about this brand that is worth sharing and in the upcoming blogs, we’ll explore everything from what makes them different to their newly launched festive collection and a lot more.

Durga Puja – A Heartfelt Celebration

Tasneem Sariya

October 18, 2023

There are very few festivals that are religious in fervor but incorporate a wide range of social, creative, environmental and political ideas and showcase them on a platform and medium that is artistic, relevant and relatable to people of all religions and caste.

The Durga Puja celebrations that are an integral part of festivities in eastern India, especially in West Bengal and surrounding states is a frenzy of heightened activity and palpable festive earnestness that floods the towns and cities and brings routine daily life to a complete standstill.

From someone who has grown up in Kolkata, take it from me that Durga Puja is probably the best carnival of sorts that is much more than just a religious celebration of good over evil. It is in fact, a perfect way to highlight, create awareness and make statements about myriad cultural and social elements. Besides, of course, like any other festival, it is the time to shop, catch up, to gorge on food, to socialize with friends and family and to go ‘pandal’ hopping, a term that is used with a dash of excitement and enthusiasm by the locals.

What is Durga Puja?

Durga-Puja-Sindur-Khela — image – Chinmoy Mukerji via Flickr

Popular in the states of West Bengal, Bihar, Odisha, Assam and Tripura, Durga Puja is celebrated in the Hindu calendar month of Ashvin that usually falls in September or October. It celebrates the defeat of the deceptive buffalo demon Mahishasura on the hands of Goddess Durga. Durga Puja is a ten day festival beginning with Mahalaya which is the first day of the Puja celebrations. The sixth day (Shashthi) onwards the real celebrations and prayers commence when the eyes of the deity are painted symbolizing the infusion of life into the clay idol and continue through Saptami (seventh day), Ashtami (eight day) and Navami (ninth day). During these days, along with Durga, Goddess Lakshmi, Goddess Saraswati, Lord Ganesha and Karthikeya are also worshipped. On the tenth day or Dashami amidst the beating of drums and chants the idols are immersed in the ocean or rivers and bid adieu as they are believed to return to their divine abode. Dashami is also the day when women smear each other with vermillion called Sindur Khela.

The last day of the Puja coincides with Dussehra.

How is Durga Puja celebrated?

Durga Puja is celebrated by organizing pujas in homes and prayers and religious rituals are a part of the ten day festival. However, besides the religious rituals and prayers, Durga Puja appeals to non-Hindus as well, because of the beautiful idols that are created by local artists, using various ideas and materials that are centered in pandals or temporary stages that dot the entire city. Each of these pandals are unique in their art and the message that they wish to convey. The magnificently carved and beautifully dressed idols of Durga and other deities on stage are the work of art, created by artists who pour their skills and reverence into the idols over months. Pujas and rituals are also carried out within the pandals yet they are open for all visitors who come in hundreds to adore the splendid idols, the surrounding decorations and the themed pandal renditions.

A-Puja-Pandal — A Puja Pandal – Wikimedia

Social and cultural relevance

Durga Puja involves communities, local ‘paras’, societies coming together, to pool in resources and create something wonderful. The larger than life depiction of the deities, of Ma Durga riding over the astonished and defeated Mahishasura, the petite dignified figures of the other gods and goddesses are poised in the midst of light Rabindra Sangeet, mingled with the chatter of the crowds and lighted with the chants of prayers from the priest. However, the pandals also reverberate with social causes and are exceptional ways to inform and educate the masses that throng to visit them. In many parts the pandals are themed and there are also competitions to vote for the best pandal. Themes range from replicating iconic structures, such as the Buckingham Palace, Big Ben, Jagannath Temple as well as, pandals are also built on various concepts, such as, the shape of a Kerala houseboat, a musical concert or the fictional Mahishmati Palace.

Durga-Idol-in-Different-pose — Image – Stefan Krasowski via Flickr

However, many pandal themes and decorations also highlight some of the most pressing social issues, such as, the plight of sex workers, women empowerment, global warming, saving the Ganga and more.

The creativity of the artists and the pandal committees are on full display, when they use environment friendly materials or build the pandal using only chairs, or theme the pandal based on the various watches and time aged clock techniques. The list is endless, as every year; the absolute genius of the creators manifests itself in colorful, beautiful and meaningful work that resonates with the social, cultural and current state of affairs.

Preserving the heritage

Durga-Puja - Ramakrishna Math — Durga-Puja – Ramakrishna Math

Durga Puja is also the time when traditional and cultural arts, including dance forms, music etc. are performed by artists. Many pandals organize cultural performances and shows showcasing the traditional talents and heritage of the state and region.

The most wonderful thing about the Durga Puja celebrations is that though there is usage of technology and modern methods whether it comes to pandal building, thematic representations, using 3D technologies and so on, the traditional essence of the celebration is not lost on anyone. In spite of the grandeur and sometimes, the glitz, the music and the fun, the spiritual divinity is not ignored neither usurped. At the end of the day, the puja is still about the victory of good over evil, the understanding of standing up for right and the conviction to emerge victorious against all odds.

Navigating the World of Indian Couponing: Tips for Beginners

Cscope Staff

October 17, 2023

Navigating-the-World-of-Indian-Couponing-01 — Image – Wikimedia

In the dynamic realm of online shopping, savvy consumers are constantly on the lookout for ways to maximize their savings. One of the most effective strategies is harnessing the power of coupons. This guide is tailored for beginners venturing into the world of Indian couponing, offering insights, tips, and tricks to help you score top discounts on a wide range of products, including sought-after sports equipment.

Understanding the Indian Coupon Landscape

The surge in couponing popularity in India is attributed to the growing availability of coupon sites that cater to a wide range of consumer needs. These platforms serve as hubs where discounts, deals, and promotional offers from numerous online stores are gathered and made accessible to shoppers. This trend has empowered consumers, enabling them to make well-informed purchasing decisions and ultimately leading to significant savings. As a result, shoppers can now navigate the online shopping landscape with greater confidence and financial efficiency.

Secrets to Finding the Best Deals

Sign Up for Newsletters

Pro Tip: Create a dedicated email address for newsletters to keep your main inbox clutter-free. This way, you can easily locate and access all your exclusive discounts.

Stay Organized: Consider using email filters and labels to categorize promotional emails from various retailers. This will make it easier to find and use coupons when you’re ready to shop.

Engage with Retailers: Engaging with retailers on social media platforms can sometimes lead to exclusive offers and discounts. Be sure to follow your favorite brands and participate in their promotions.

Utilize Coupon Aggregator Websites

Diversify Your Sources: While Discount One is a fantastic resource, don’t limit yourself. Explore a variety of reputable coupon aggregator websites. Each platform may have unique partnerships and offers.

Stay Updated: Make it a habit to visit these aggregator sites regularly. New deals and offers are frequently added, and you wouldn’t want to miss out on a hidden gem.

Check for Validity: Always ensure that the coupons are current and valid. Some platforms may not promptly remove expired deals, so exercise due diligence before attempting to use them.

Timing is Key

Plan Ahead: Mark important dates on your calendar, including major festivals, holidays, and special sales events. Retailers tend to offer their deepest discounts during these periods.

Pre-Sale Research: Many retailers provide a sneak peek of their upcoming sales. Use this information to create a shopping list and know exactly what to look for when the sale begins.

Consider Off-Peak Shopping: Sometimes, the best deals can be found during off-peak hours. Early mornings or late nights may offer less competition for limited-time offers.

Compare Prices

Use Price Comparison Tools: Websites and browser extensions like PriceBaba, MySmartPrice, and PriceDekho can help you compare prices across multiple online stores. This ensures you’re getting the best value for your money.

Consider Additional Costs: Factor in shipping fees, taxes, and any other potential expenses when comparing prices. Sometimes a slightly higher-priced item may actually be a better deal once all costs are considered.

Read Reviews and Ratings: Don’t just focus on price. Check customer reviews and ratings to ensure the product meets your expectations in terms of quality and performance.

Unlock Savings on the Go with the Discount One Mobile App!

Experience the power of Discount One in the palm of your hand. Our user-friendly mobile app is designed to make your couponing journey even more convenient and efficient. Here’s how you can make the most of it:

Instant Notifications: Receive real-time alerts on your mobile device for new discounts, flash sales, and exclusive offers. Never miss out on a great deal again!

Personalized Deal Recommendations: Get tailored recommendations based on your preferences and shopping history, ensuring you’re always in the loop for discounts that matter to you.

Effortless Navigation: Browse through a wide array of discounted items from various online stores with ease. Our intuitive interface makes finding deals a breeze.

Simplified Redemption: Access and redeem your discounts directly from the app. No need to switch between multiple tabs or copy-paste codes.

Track and Organize Your Savings: Keep a record of your accumulated discounts and track your overall savings over time. Stay motivated as you watch your savings grow.

Utilizing Discount One

Discount One is a game-changer for smart shoppers looking for discounts on various goods. This platform scours various online stores in India to compile a curated selection of discounted items. The beauty of Discount One lies in its simplicity:

Convenient Search: Discount One makes it easy for you to find the coupons you want. You can browse by categories, such as electronics, fashion, beauty, travel, food or entertainment. You can also search by store name or keyword. You can also save your favorite coupons for later use.

Thousands of Discounts: With Discount One, you can save money on every purchase you makeonline. You can find coupons for up to 90% off on various products and services from top Indian online stores.

Regular Updates: More than a hundred offers are posted daily. Discount One updates its database regularly with new coupons and discounts from Indian online stores. You can always find fresh and valid offers on the app. You can also get notified of the latest deals and exclusive coupons via push notifications or email alerts.

Design: Simple and clear design, where you can find everything you need. Discount One has a user-friendly interface that lets you access all the features of the app with ease. You can see the details of each coupon. You can also rate the coupons and share them with your friends via social media or messaging apps.

Discount feed, tailored to your tastes: Discount One learns from your preferences and shows you the coupons that match your interests and needs. You can also get personalized recommendations based on your browsing and shopping history. You can also discover new offers and deals every day on the app.

Conclusion

Indian couponing is a valuable strategy that empowers consumers to make the most of their online shopping experiences. By following the tips outlined in this guide and utilizing reliable platforms like Discount One, beginners can embark on a journey to discover incredible deals and discounts across a wide range of products. Remember, the key to successful couponing lies in staying informed, being diligent, and enjoying the thrill of finding amazing discounts in the vast world of online shopping. Happy couponing!

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