Ten Dishes from Traditional Bengali Food that Guarantee a Divine Experience!

June 9, 2021

Kolkata is undoubtedly one of the greatest cultural centers in India, also known as the city of joy. The city is the home of contemporary Indian literary, artistic, and Indian nationalism, with unparalleled heritage. The craftsmanship and ideals of Bengalis are extraordinarily rich. The best thing? While in the city, people of all ages will be seen discussing opinions about cricket, movies, theatres, politics, and all that’s under the sun in their “addas” (chats, or moreover, intellectual trade of ideas). Kolkata has always been a prominent contributor to international literature, arts, and music which is obvious from leading names like Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay and Rabindranath Tagore to their modern patrons. The city also houses scrumptious traditional Bengali food, which is not only appreciated by its people but throughout the world.

1. Shorshe Ilish

Traditional Bengali Food Shorshe-Ilish — Image-lorises/Flickr

Shorshe Ilish is one of the main kinds of fish curry in traditional Bengali food. There is no better way to a Bengalis’ heart than this Hilsa-delicacy based on mustards, one of Kolkata’s many favorite meals. The Ilish is a vital component of the cultural legacy of Kolkata and is available in abundance during the monsoon. The fish is prepared in a thick mustard stew with slit green chilies and rich mustard oil. Ilish and mustard are a soul gratifying combo. The pungent and bold flavor of mustard oil and mustard paste tastes the fish to a different level altogether. It is not just the main diet, but a key dish during any Bengali occasion. Dig into Shorshe Ilish at Oh! Calcutta on Elgin road or at 6 Ballygunge Place.

2. Mutton Kosha

Traditional Bengali Food Mutton-Kosha — Image-Kirti Poddar/Flickr

Mutton (or Mangsho) Kosha is a celebrated Bengali delicacy. The word kosha can be compared to bhuna, which gradually cooks a sauce over a low fire, over a very long time to achieve a rich dark brown color and melt in the mouth chunks of meat. Porota or polao may be offered on the plate. Even with simple white rice, it tastes wonderful. It is a relaxed preparation, which takes time and patience. With ginger-garlic, coriander, cumin seeds, turmeric, and red chilies and curd, the mutton is marinated overnight. At this time salt is not added, so that the marinade can mesh completely with the meat. The salt used would evaporate water and masala from meat, compromising the flavor. The mutton is then slow-cooked and brown in mustard oil, which adds its particular taste to this Bengali delicacy. Golbari at the Shyambazar junction in Kolkata may be the best-known business selling kosha-mangsho in this form.

3. Daab Chingri

Traditional Bengali Food Daab-Chingri — Image-Biswarup Ganguly/Wikimedia

Daab Chingri is as authentic as a Bengali cuisine gets as we term that mellow mix of slow, cooked prawns and coconut (daab) meat, cooked in a complete green coconut shell. It dates back several hundred pages or more. Cooking Daab chingri is discussed in the book “Thakurbarir Ranna” with ease and nonchalance. “Simply put it into the coconut, and place it in the oven,” types! Daab Chingri is sweet, savory, and made from fresh prawns, marinated in salt and turmeric powder sautéed with fine gravy, onions, garlic, ginger, chilies, poppy seeds, cashews, panch phoron, etc in mustard oil, added to the meal. After transferring gravy and prawns into a coconut shell, a sealed lid is made with wheat flour dough and cooked graciously. Due to it being served in the whole shell itself, restaurants often find an influx of guests trying to take pictures of this beautiful platter and posting it on social media before digging in.

4. Mushoor Daal

Traditional Bengali Food Mushoor-Daal — Image-Justin Henry/Flickr

This hearty dal tastes phenomenal with nearly every bhaja (fried side dishes) or torkari (vegetable dishes). It doesn’t overshadow other foods, because it’s sparsely spicy. Rather, it steps back and lets its other mates shine brightly. It is the sweet savor of dry-roasted moong dal that will often transport you back to your childhood home and memories. It is one of the easiest and quickest dishes one can make. As the dal boils, put on some rice to cook. Throw a small potato (cut halfway) into the rice pot while you’re there. Then add a dash of panch phoron with the Bengali tempering to this protein-rich daal, which makes it irresistibly flavorful and easy to digest. Squeeze some lime over your plate. You now have a meal so comforting, it will have numbed all the stresses and pain in your life.

5. Potol er Dorma

Traditional-Bengali-Food-Potoler-Dorma — Image – Wikimedia

Potoler Dorma is a healthful traditional Bengali food that can be eaten on almost all types of occasions depending on its preparation style. It is a delectable curry of parboiled pointed gourds filled with a range of mixes, shallow fried and cooked with a spicy, delicious gravy. Hot rice can also be offered with Potoler Dorma. The Bengali dorma is claimed to be a native development of the Dolma in the Middle East which is a part of Ottoman food. Armenian immigrants may have brought Dolma to Bengal. Dorma is possible with several vegetables, but the most popular among Bengali people is when it is created with potol or pointed gourd. The stuffing can vary greatly and generally contain dried fruits (and sometimes nuts). You can have a niramish version (without onion or garlic) with ground Bengal gram, or an aamish version (not vegetarian) with fish and prawns. Dried fish (shutki) or meat may be included in the non-vegetarian recipes, while vegetarian recipes may be created from chhana (cottage cheese), rice, or other vegetables.

6. Chingri Malaikari

Traditional Bengali Food Chingri-Malaikari — Image-Savy Biswas/Wikimedia

Chingri malaikari is a classic, made with large tiger prawns (bagda chingri) or giant freshwater prawns (golda chingri) in an extremely subtle, creamy coconut milk sauce. Don’t be deceived by the sophisticated appearance of this cherished Bengali treat – chingri malaikari looks extremely complicated to cook, when in reality it is incredibly simple to make, even easier than a chicken or egg curry. The word Malaikari is essentially a local term of Malay Curry which means a curry from Malaysia. The principal elements are prawns and coconut milk, with ghee or mustard oil, onions, turmeric powder, diced green chili, garlic paste, and ginger paste accompanying and flavored with spices. The creamy and velvety texture imparts a rather royal and grand look to this dish. You can find this elegant dish at Kasturi restaurant in New Market or Satapdi in Hindustan Park.

7. Macher Matha diye Moog daal

Traditional Bengali Food Macher-Matha-diye-Moog-daal — Image-Rajeeb Dutta/Wikimedia

This special dish prepared with the fish head holds the highest pedestal in Bengali cuisine among dals.

If you desire to wow your guests, this is the course to make. Thick, rich, aromatic Bengali style Moog Dal along with the dominant presence of the fish head has always found its place at dinner tables during festivities. Therefore understandably this dal is cooked at wedding lunches, first rice ceremonies, or while inviting visitors to an afternoon party at any time. One needs the freshest head of fish to create this dal and this can be achieved by buying live fish. You can use any big freshwater fish head, but a large Katla, a wonderful freshwater carp from Bengal, is the ideal choice. It is coupled with a roasted moong Dal (split green grams), which has been shallowly cooked in Mustard Oil, to a simple tempering of the onions, tomatoes, and Indian basic spices like cumin seeds, coriander powder, etc.

8. Rosogolla

Traditional Bengali Food Rosogolla — Image-Nupur Dasgupta/Flickr

Bengalis and Rosogolla are synonymous with each other. Their utterly soft, unblemished texture, perfectly rounded shape, and sweet syrupy fluid inside are renowned all around the world. Being a healthier option than many other snacks or desserts out there (as it does not need frying in oil or ghee), makes it the favorite of aged and health-conscious beings. It is a milk-based sweet, made by curdling the milk, draining the whey, and then kneading the milk solids into balls. These spongy balls are cooked in hot sugar syrup till they are light and juicy. If one is looking for the most authentic flavor they must visit any of the branches of Balaram Mullick in the city.

9. Mishti Doi

Traditional Bengali Food Mishti-Doi — Image-Premshree Pillai/Flickr

Mishti Doi is a popular traditional Bengali food in the eastern parts of India, mostly West Bengal, where it is served with meals as a dessert. Mishti Doi is consumed on festive occasions and is considered an auspicious item to serve while starting for the journey or any important work. It is generally packaged and consumed in earthen pots which is an essential part of its presentation and taste. Mishti Doi is traditionally made from thickened milk, by introducing palm jaggery, cane jaggery, or sugar. Cane sugar is used in Misti Doi for sweetening the dish. The process is usually carried out in an earthen pot which finally imparts a characteristic earthy flavor to the product and also absorbs the extra whey. It is served chilled and known to be very nostalgic for the people of Bengal.

10. Langcha

Traditional-Bengali-Food-Langcha — Image – Wikimedia

Langcha is a Bengali sweetmeat from West Bengal, India. Langcha consists of sweetened powdered milk and various cereal flours. Shaktigarh is home to several sweet stores providing this dish. Shaktigarh is a mandatory halt for travelers, approximately 91 kilometers from Kolkata, GT Road, or NH2-Durgapur Expressway. Busses, cars, and private cars from Asansol to Kolkata stop not only for a short rest but also for the passengers to enjoy Langcha to take home to their friends and family. It is almost as if people anticipate this more than their actual destination! The langcha has been believed to originated from a novice named Khudiram Dutta, who later established the Langcha Mahal. It is assumed that Langchas became famous when a British officer who had a disability in his leg declared his love for the sweet. A crippled man is called ‘langra’ in Bengali, that is why the sweet got its name Langcha. Today, the town has gotten quite a boost in tourists and visitors to this heavenly concoction. Get this at any of the roadside shops in Shaktigarh for a divine experience.

Kolkata is indeed a heaven for anyone with a sweet tooth or just foodies in particular. Much of Kolkata’s experience involves delving into its wonderful traditional Bengali food. The gastronomy and culture of the city both are testimony to it Hopefully, the next time you visit the city, this list will help you when you’re hungry!

Traditional Dresses of Kerala Reflecting the Rich Malayali Culture

Avni Chadha

June 8, 2021

Traditional-Dresses-of-Kerala-01 — Photo by Anoop VS

What you wear is a beautiful form of self-expression and the people of Kerala dress up in their traditional attire to symbolize their love and respect for their history and culture as well as their beliefs. The textile industry in Kerala is one of the foremost revenue-generators of the state with cotton and silk being the predominantly produced fabrics here. The clothing of this state is minimalistic, a fact from which it derives its eloquence. When it comes to the traditional dress of Kerala, one simply thinks of Mundu as a reflex.

Kerala Traditional Dress Mundu

Mundu refers to a white cloth that is wrapped around the lower waist and seems to be similar to a dhoti or a long skirt. It is worn by both men and women alike. The white Mundu perfectly represents the simplicity of the lives of the people here. It also sometimes differs based on religion for Christian women prefer to wear a pleated Mundu. The cloth also possesses a zari border referred to as ‘kara’ which gives it a royal look and is worn on festive occasions. The white Mundus are set apart by the vibrant karas that allow the people to add their touch to the dress.

Traditional Dress of Kerala Men

Traditional Dresses of Kerala for Men — Photo by Anoop VS

To cover up their upper bodies, men drape a cloth over their shoulders which is known as ‘Melmundu’. However, with rapid modernization as well as influence from the west, a more commonly seen combination today is a Mundu with a shirt, sometimes with a blazer. For traditional festivals such as Onam, men also opt for a kurta or a sherwani with the mundu. The garment, to avoid obstructions while engaging in work, can be folded and is often done so by men. Furthermore, men in Kerala also wear a dress known as Jubba that is full-sleeved along with the mundu for joyous occasions. Over time, dresses have been revamped to fit the current scenario and in the case of Jubba, the dress itself is now handsomely embroidered.

Traditional Dress of Kerala Women

Traditional-Dresses-of-Kerala-Women’s-Attire — Image – Arunpnair/Flickr

The women customarily wear a mundu-set or a mundum-neriyathum which includes a blouse that hangs from one shoulder and has a kara similar to the lower-mundu. This attire is said to bear a striking resemblance to a sari. It is primarily made out of cotton or silk (for special events such as a wedding or a festival). Mundus are fashioned in various manners. Every community, every religion adds its touch to this piece of elegance and purity.

Kerala’s Bridal Wear

Traditional-kerala wedding dress — Photo by Anoop VS

When discussing a state’s fashion and clothing, a discussion upon wedding dresses becomes an absolute must for, after all, it’s not just a dress but a dress you’ll remember forever. The typical bridal dress in Kerala might just be the very definition of grace. The women look heavenly in pastel white and cream colors and even though the earlier trends involved opting for gaudy gold jewelry, the inclinations these days seem to be towards understated pieces made from gold, silver, rubies, platinum, diamond, etc.

The bridal dresses also vary in Kerala from religion to religion. Hindu brides tend to appear extraordinary dressed in bright colors paired with exquisite gold jewelry, Kerala’s very own specialty. When it comes to Christian brides, how could anyone ever go wrong with a classic white gown and the veil with the bouquet that every woman at the ceremony has her eyes on? Muslim brides chose to go the ethnic route, wearing embroidered silk sarees, with heavy makeup as well as a dupatta to round off the look beautifully.

Traditional Jewellery of Kerala

Traditional-Dresses-of-Kerala-Exquisite-Jewelry — Traditional Jewelry worn by Lady of Royal Family of Travancore – John Perivolaris/Flickr

No dress is complete without accessories and what better than some marvelous jewelry? The gold jewelry of the state is in one word: divine. Most are embellished with portrayals of gods as well as goddesses. The Manga Mala Necklace consists of tiny mango-shaped pendants which are truly delicious. This design is quite popular in the region. Another necklace that can be witnessed worn here is the Mulla Motu necklace which is made from a sequence of jasmine petals, a must-have for any bride. After the wedding, they might consider purchasing a Karimani Mala, the Mangalsutra of the south, adorned by married women. Along with these magnificent necklaces, Kolusu (an anklet), gorgeous earrings referred to as ‘Jhimkis’, and the Vanki armlet are other beautifully designed jewelry seen in the state of Kerala.

“You can’t buy happiness, but you can buy sarees, and let’s face it, that’s kind of the same thing.” Kerala is the perfect example of how ethnic and modern can go hand in hand with men in the region wearing shirts with Mundus and women selecting a minimalistic outlook towards clothing with is a perfect representation of the kind and warm-hearted people of Kerala who still embrace tradition with open arms without the unfounded fear of being referred to as ‘old-fashioned’ for accepting who they are and accepting their identity for real style isn’t limited to right or wrong, black or white. Real style comes from being yourself with resolution.

10 Amazing Things Kerala is Famous For!

Avni Chadha

June 8, 2021

Things Kerala is famous for — Image/Wikimedia

Kerala, a state located in the southwestern part of the country nearing the Arabian Sea, is rightly referred to as ‘God’s Own Country’. After all, this progressive utopia has so much to offer: its remarkable culture and cuisine, its picturesque beauty, amazing beaches, hill stations and that’s just the beginning. A state that attracts nearly 1.5 crores of tourists every year is a must-visit state. Limiting Kerala’s attractions to its top ten is a seemingly impossible task but still, here’s my valiant effort to lis the some amazing thing Kerala is famous for.

1. Every Photographer’s Dream

Kerala is famous for its Nature Beauty — Image/Pixabay

The Scenic Beauty of Kerala is unreal as if someone strikingly drew it into existence. The serene beaches, hill stations, backwaters, plantations, and lakes are all to die for. The tranquil experience you will receive in Kerala cannot be beaten. The view from the backwaters is just breathtaking and not to visit the quaint cities of Kochi, Munnar and Wayanad is nothing short of a crime. Just being in Kerala and basking in the glory of this place is enough to give anyone a rush of adrenaline.

2. Charming Kerala Cuisine

Things Kerala is famous for it's Cuisine — Image/Wikimedia

Kerala is famous around the world for its delectable cuisine. After all, who wouldn’t want to eat mouth-watering delicacies of Kerala cuisine such as Appam and stew, Puttu and kadala curry, Malabar Parotta with Kerala beef curry, pumpkin and lentil curry, palada payasam, the Kerala prawn curry, banana fritters, idiyappam with curry and Ela Sadya, the king of Kerala’s food items? Popular ingredients used to prepare these dishes are rice, coconut, and fish, whose flavor is enhanced with rich spices found here.

3. Hypnotic Houseboats

Things Kerala is famous for it's Houseboats — Image by aby rock

Kerala’s houseboats form a major tourist attraction of the state and why won’t they? They’re truly extraordinary and are nothing less than a Michelin Star-Hotel on water. The view and comforts of a houseboat are something everyone should be able to enjoy. The houseboat ‘Alappuzha’ is also rightly referred to as ‘The Venice of the East’. It is especially perfect for someone looking to relax and take some time to themselves. There are around 500 houseboats in the state and they will take you on an unforgettable cruise through Kerala.

4. Spellbinding Beaches

Things Kerala is famous for it's Beaches — Image/Pixahive

Talking about Kerala’s specialties and not talking about its mesmerizing beaches? In a word: Impossible. Beaches in Kerala are the perfect blend between relaxation and adventure, there’s something for everyone. Some renowned beaches of the state are Kovalam beach, Varkala beach, Marari beach, Kannur and so many more. Trust me on this, these are some of the most pristine and well-maintained beaches you will ever see. You would definitely want to wait around to take in the glorious view from the beaches at sunset.

5. Picturesque Plantations

Things Kerala is famous for it's Tea Plantations — Image/Pixahive

Kerala is home to a variety of plantations: spices, tea, and coffee. Ripe with such plantations are the regions of Munnar, Kochi, and Periyar. Fun fact: The plantations you saw in the popular Sharukh Khan movie; Chennai Express was actually shot here in Munnar. A walk among these will refresh you and you mustn’t forget to carry a camera to capture the beauty and charm of these plantations where the fragrance overtakes you and erases every single worry in the world.

6. Delightful Dances

Things Kerala is famous for it's Folk Dances — Image/Wikimedia

Kerala art forms possesses a unique art and culture that is exquisitely symbolized by their dances. The dance of Kathakali involves the dancers wearing bright-colored makeup and dressed in elaborate costumes which is what makes this dance stand out. Expressions play a major role in the dance that attracts tourists from all over the world. This must-see dance customarily depicts a truly enthralling tale. Theyyam is another popular dance form of the state that is executed as a ritual.

7. Thrissur Pooram

Things Kerala is famous for it's Thrissur Pooram — Image/Wikimedia

This festival of Kerala can only be described as grand in truly every sense of the word. It is due to its very same nature; this temple festival is referred to as the ‘festival of festivals’. The fanfare surrounding this rich festival involves majestically caparisoned elephants, trumpets, an orchestra, vibrant and bedazzled parasols as well as blaring fireworks. The joy that takes over the state of Kerala during Thrissur Pooram is worth witnessing.

8. A Nature Lover’s Paradise

Things Kerala is famous for it's Nature — Photo by Nandhu Kumar

The great state of Kerala is home to a diverse variety of flora and fauna. There are various wildlife sanctuaries in Kerala, and the most important ones are the Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary, Silent Valley National Park, the Kumarakom Bird Sanctuary, and the Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary. Furthermore, Kerala is perfect for trekkers and adventure enthusiasts looking to explore the unknown as the eco-tourism destinations here provide them an opportunity of the same. The state’s one-of-a-kind geographical location makes it all the more opportunistic.

9. Rejuvenating Ayurveda

Things Kerala is famous for it's Ayurveda — Image – Adams Homestay Cochin/Flickr

Kerala has always been a state to embrace its culture and is in fact, the only state in the country where Ayurveda is practiced as mainstream medicine. They believe it to be the harmony of body, mind, and soul and you might be inclined to agree with them after receiving an Ayurvedic treatment here, for instance, the Panchakarma, which involves the usage of milk, oil, and various natural herbs. Many hotels in Kerala also offer you relaxing Ayurvedic therapies and massages.

10. All Aboard Shopping-Lovers

Things Kerala is famous for it's Handicrafts — Image/Wikimedia

The markets of Kerala are every shopping enthusiast’s dream. A few must-buy items of state are coffee, tea, aroma oils, cashew nuts, spices from the famous Spice Market at Mattancherry, and Kasavu Mundu, the local traditional dress. Don’t forget to grab some coir-handicrafts, which are the coconut-tree-filled state’s specialty. Many people also purchase the vibrant Kathakali Masks as a memoir to remember this great state. How can we talk about shopping in Kerala without their gorgeous jewelry?

So, pack your bags and witness in person the beauty of Kerala for it isn’t just any state, it is the state with the highest literacy rate in the country, the state that is home to a variety of organic herbs and still practices Ayurveda in everyday life, a state that is so joyous that it celebrates the highest number of festivals, a state that is paradise on Earth. That is truly God’s Own Country.

Handlooms of Karnataka – Weaving Tradition of Generations

Cscope Staff

June 7, 2021

Compared to some other states, the handloom sector in Karnataka would at first seem to be somewhat disorganized by comparison, with little interest taken on the part of the state government in promoting the sector. This is highlighted by the situation in the Priyadarshini showrooms – Priyadarshini is the marketing wing for Karnataka’s handloom apex body – where it’s rather difficult to find the various textiles woven throughout the state. This is in contrast to other states such as Odisha and Kerala, where the focus in government showrooms is on regional varieties. Karnataka has the largest number of GI tags out of any state in India, so this is somewhat baffling. Indeed, the motto for Karnataka Tourism is “One state, many worlds” – which is hardly reflected in Priyadarshini showrooms or most other saree shops, even if that statement is as true of textiles as is of the state’s food culture.

Thus, it’s hardly fair to say that Karnataka is in any way deficient in varieties of handloom, but it is important to note the disinterest among those government bodies which have been successful in other states. The choice of handloom products varies through the region, with both silk and cotton being woven in the drier interior parts of the state, whilst mostly cotton is woven in coastal regions such as Mangalore.

Ilkal Sari

Handloom-of-Karnataka-Ilkal-Saree — Image – Wikimedia

Ilkal is a town in Bagalkot district in North Karnataka, famous for its unique style of saree – which is popular in Maharashtra as well as North Karnataka, to the point that it has been adopted as the typical Maharashtrian saree. The design of Ilkal sarees is fairly basic – a colored body (which may be plain or with checks) with contrasting borders and pallu, usually in darker colors. Common colors for the borders and pallu are red/maroon, dark blue, and green. Body colors consist of green, red, black, blue, and sometimes yellow. The pallu consists of two or three off-white stripes, several inches in width, alternated with whatever colors that the borders are in.

Kasuti Embroidery

Kasuti embroidery dates back to the Chalukya period and was popularized throughout Karnataka. Kasuti is a sort of hand embroidery done with cotton threads on Ilkal and Kanchipuram sarees, which draws inspiration from traditional rangoli patterns found in Karnataka. The technique itself is of such a nature that the designs will appear more or less the same regardless of which side they’re being viewed from, with no loose ends. These designs can appear throughout the body as well as the pallu, and can sometimes also be found on the borders of the saree. Typically, silk sarees are the traditional base, though some examples can be found on cotton, and lately there has been some deviation from the usage of only Kanchipuram silk and Ilkal sarees, though by far these are still the most common. Kasuti embroidery has been granted the GI tag, but unlike most cases, this does not appear to be specifically tied to a particular place in Karnataka, with the tag being under the authority of the state government to use at its discretion.

Mangalore Handlooms

In all actuality, Mangalore handloom sarees are hardly distinct from those woven in nearby Kasaragod in Kerala. In terms of colors and designs, this too remains essentially identical to what is found in Kerala. The biggest difference is in the fact that while handloom in Kasaragod has received government attention and promotion to uplift weavers, this has not been the case in Mangalore to a large extent – Kasaragod sarees have a GI tag as well as being sold under the Government of India’s Handloom Mark tag, whilst Mangalore sarees lack the former and there has been less usage of the latter. This is highlighted by the fact that Mangalore cotton sarees sell for as little as one-third of the price that Kasaragod sarees do in their respective government outlets. Typically, Mangalore sarees have small borders with extra-warp designs (around two inches in width), with the border matching the pallu (itself being maybe one foot in length).

Mysore Silk

Mysore silk is known for its unique texture more than any unique designs. Mysore silk is rather light and easy to drape, essentially being similar to chiffon fabrics in nature. Indeed, with Karnataka being among the leading states for sericulture in India (along with Assam and Tamil Nadu), it is hardly surprising that it is home to a significant silk weaving industry, even if that is less widespread than cotton weaving in the state in terms of unique traditions. Sericulture in the state dates back to the time of Tipu Sultan, who had introduced sericulture in what is now South Karnataka and northwestern Tamil Nadu – with these regions accounting for the vast majority of mulberry silk production in India. Indeed, Karnataka itself produces over 60% of mulberry silk in the country, with Tamil Nadu accounting for much of the rest. Mysore silk sarees are relatively simple in design, typically featuring zari borders and stripes in the pallu, with the typical examples having the borders and pallu dyed in contrasting colors to the body. Unlike Mangalore and Ilkal sarees, however, Mysore silk sarees do not have the borders woven separately, but rather are dyed in such a way that the borders and pallu contrast with the body. However, there are also some examples in solid colors. It is important to note, however, that Mysore silk sarees are not exclusively woven on handlooms, with even those examples sold by the famed KSIC often being woven on power looms.

Other traditions

In addition to these places, there are several places with handloom traditions in Karnataka, including Bangalore itself. Bangalore has rather significant silk and cotton handloom industry, though the designs are not vastly different from what one sees coming from other similar places in South India, particularly Kanchipuram. Silks are typically moderately heavy, and there is a prominent use of jacquard motifs in sarees – and it appears that there is little emphasis on more traditional designs in Bangalore. Otherwise, handloom weaving can be found throughout Karnataka – there are several villages throughout South Karnataka with cotton-weaving traditions, and occasionally one finds references in literature to Davanagere dhotis (Davanagere had at one time been known for weaving, though that’s hardly the case now). Molakalmuru in northeast Karnataka is also known for silk sarees, even having GI status for them. Again, like Bangalore, it appears that there’s no sort of unique traditional design that’s popular, but rather an aesthetic sort of universal in many ways to South Indian silks – temple borders, dobby motifs, and designs such as peacocks and mangoes.

10 Must Visit Temples in Karnataka to Experience the Devine Power in You

Avni Chadha

June 6, 2021

Did you know that the state of Karnataka is blessed with more than 34,000 remarkable temples? Its temples attract tourists from all around the world and serve as a beautiful connection to its diverse history and culture. Touring through the hundreds of temples here, of which a thousand can be found in Bangalore itself, is a rejuvenating experience. These sacrosanct structures not only provide a place for solace for the soul but are also fascinating from an architectural point of view.

1. Durga Temple, Aihole

Temples of Karnataka-Durga Temple — Image/Wikimedia

The Durga Temple, situated in Aihole (the cradle of Hindu rock architecture), was built by the Chalukyas somewhere around the late 7th century. This temple is renowned for its beauty and elaborate carvings which have been preserved throughout centuries. This temple derives its name from the word ‘Durgadagudi’ which means ‘temple near the fort’. Dedicated to Vishnu, this temples’ architectural standouts include the columns which are admirably carved at the entrance, the curved shikhara, and the pillared corridor that forms an eloquent envelope around the shrine.

2. Virupaksha Temple, Hampi

Temples of Karnataka- Virupaksha Temple — Image/Pixahive

Considered to be one of the oldest temples in the entire country, the Virupaksha Temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva and forms an integral part of the history of Hampi. This temple blossoms in the ruins of Hampi and prospers like a lotus. The shrine is surrounded by a courtyard as well as a monastery. This temple has a strong base as it is built from brick and mortar. As the centuries have passed, various additions have been made to this everlasting temple.

3. Chennakesava Temple, Hoysala

Temples of Karnataka-Keshava Temple — Image/Pixahive

An exemplary form of the Hoysala style of architecture, this temple is situated in Somnathpura, a mere 36 kilometers away from the city of Mysore. This landmark is nothing less than an architectural wonder for anyone visiting here would remain in awe of its designs such as intricate carving, sculptures, and pillars. This temple’s construction was completed during the rule of king Narsimha III and now is maintained by the ASI aka the Archaeological Survey of India.

4. Vitthala Temple, Hampi

Temples of Karnataka-Vittala Temple — Image/Henrik Bennetsen/Flickr

Near the banks of the river, Tungabhadra can be found a structure that can only be described as incomparable. Considered to be one of the largest temples in Hampi, it forms a major tourist attraction of the city. It is especially infamous for the stone chariot whose beauty remains unmatched as well the 56 musical pillars (referred to as the SaReGaMa pillars) which when tapped will produce a musical note. This temple derives its name from Vitthala, an incarnation of Lord Vishnu.

5. Mookambika Temple, Kollur

Temples of Karnataka-Kollur Mookambika Temple — Image/Wikimedia

This noteworthy temple is dedicated to Mookambika Devi. Early morning, a dip in the holy water flowing down the Kodachadri hills will refresh you. It is speculated to have been constructed by Adi Shankara. This temple influences the fields of craft and education, with the Goddess also being worshipped as the Goddess of Speech and Letters. Integrated on the left side of the sculpture of Mookambika is Mahakali, Mahalaxmi, MahaSaraswati and on the right side, Brahma, Shiva, and Vishnu.

6. Manjunatha Temple, Dharmasthala

Temples of Karnataka-Dharmasthala Manjunatha Temple — Image/Dinesh Kumar/Flickr

Situated in the temple town of Dharmasthala, it is one of the most infamous temples of Karnataka. This stunning structure is dedicated to Hindu God, Manjunatha (Shiva). This temple is one of a kind which apart from Shiva, possesses idols of other deities as well. This temple, after all these years, still follows old norms and customs such as everyone entering inside must be dressed in traditional attire. This ancient temple is 800 years old and has managed to maintain its true glory.

7. Murudeshwara Temple

Temples of Karnataka-Murudeshwara Temple — Image/Wikimedia

The Murudeshwara Temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva. It is renowned for the second-highest statue of Lord Shiva and it can be seen from far away as well, providing solace to people passing by. It took 2 years to build this 123 feet statue. This temple reflects the beautiful architecture of the Vijayanagara Empire. Being situated on the hill attached to Murudeshwara beach of Konkan coastline, it possesses a mesmerizing view of the Western Ghats which is a must-capture, so don’t forget to bring a camera.

8. Mahabaleshwar Temple, Gokarna

Temples-of-Karnataka-Mahabelshwara-Temple-Gokarna — Image – Wikimedia

This legendary Mahabaleshwar Temple at Gokarna that has received citations in the epics of Mahabharata and Ramayana is dedicated to Lord Shiva also. The Kashi of South India, this temple has an Atma Linga at the top of the shrine which is there to greet devotees as they are entering the temple. It is among the seven temples of salvation in Karnataka. This temple is a sight to see during Maha Shivratri where it just comes alive with the rush of pilgrims.

9. Badami Temple

Temples of Karnataka-Badami Temple — Image/Pixabay

The Badami Cave Temples attract tourists from all over the country who come here to marvel at the sandstone-carved temples near the lake Agastya. There are four temples here, three of which are dedicated to Hindu gods namely Vishnu and Nataraja. The fourth temple there is dedicated to Lord Mahavira. The city of Badami, a Chalukya Capital, has even been declared a heritage site by the government largely because of these temples.

10. Vidyashankara Temple, Shringeri

Temples of Karnataka-Vidyashankara Temple — Image/Akash Ghante/Pixahive

Situated in the pious town of Shringeri, it is a perfect amalgamation of the Hoysala, Chalukya, and South Indian styles of architecture. It is a Shaivite temple that stands near the river Tunga. The temple consists of twelve beautifully carved and ornamented pillars that are a symbolization of the twelve zodiac signs. The intricate carvings around the temple, all portray a tale from the Puranas. This temple possesses five shrines with the chief one being Shiva Linga.

Well, ready to buy a ticket to Karnataka to marvel at their extraordinary temples? It was best put by Jean A. Stevens, “It is in the temple that we remember who we really are and see with clarity who we really can become.” A temple is a place that helps you connect with God and it is a place where the moment you enter all your problems and everything wrong in the world goes away and you are filled with a calming sense of peace and tranquility. A temple is, after all, your sanctuary.

Andhra Pradesh Culture – A Window to the Rich Heritage & Tradition of Telugu People

Cscope Staff

June 5, 2021

Andhra-Pradesh-Culture — Image – Saurabh Chatterjee/Flickr

A significant state in South India, Andhra Pradesh is a land of a unique culture with rich history and traditions. It is a prominent agricultural state and the largest producer of rice in the country. Thereby boasting the title of the Rice Bowl of India. It is witness to the vicissitudes of great dynasties like the Mughals, the Pallavas, the Kakatiyas, and the Chalukyas. It is not a wonder that the state draws numerous tourists every year.

Today, we explore the various aspects that color the diverse culture of Andhra Pradesh and make its people unique.

History of Andhra Pradesh

The civilization of Andhra Pradesh is considered to be one of the oldest in the history of India. The people of Andhra Pradesh are deemed to be Aryans of the pre-Christian era who migrated to the region from the Vindhyas. The recorded history of their ancestry in the Maurya period and the Aitareya Brahmana have also been found. The powerful Satavahanas were among the earliest ones to reign over the Telugus.

Architecture of Andhra Pradesh

Andhra Pradesh is a state that prides the history of mighty kingdoms. Various empires influenced each other. The heritage architecture of the state depicts the consequence of this. The primary style is Dravidian. It is blended with practices from the dynasties of the Cholas, the Chalukyas, the Satavahanas, and the Gajapatis. The stone structures with intricate engravings of deities and spiritual symbols adorn most of the Buddhist and Hindu temples across the state. The architecture is diverse, which reflects the harmony of the history of the state.

Language of Andhra Pradesh

Andhra-Pradesh-Language — Image – Ms Sarah Welch/Wikimedia

The official language of Andhra Pradesh is Telugu, a rich language that is influenced by Sanskrit. It is the most prominent regional language of the state in which innumerable works of cultural significance and critical acclaim have been written. Other important and prevalent languages include Hindi, English, Urdu, and Banjara. In recent years, there has been an increase in the use of other languages like Tamil, Marathi, and Oriya.

Andhra Pradesh Cuisine

Influenced by the Mughal cuisine, a lot of the food of Andhra Pradesh is prepped up with spices. Rice is the staple diet of the state and is generally accompanied by sambar or other types of lentils and vegetables.

Chutneys, pickles, papadams, and powders are important accompaniments for every meal in Andhra Pradesh. Some of the popular Andhra dishes include gongura chutney, pulusu, avakaya, and Jonna kudu. The traditional food of Andhra Pradesh usually includes Pulihora which is tamarind rice. Poppadoms, Sambar, Rasam, and Payasam are also some of them.

Although most of the Andhra cuisine is vegetarian, the coastal regions of the state serve very delicious seafood comprising prawns and fishes. The aromatic biryani of Hyderabad is famous all across the country. The variety of food that is found in the capital city of Andhra Pradesh is incomparable.

Some other authentic dishes apart from Biryani include Chakna, Dalcha, and Murgh ka Korma. Sheer Korma, Bandhar Ladoo, Putharekulu, and Gajar ka halwa are impeccable desserts of the Andhra people. Most of them are prepared in pure ghee.

Traditional Dresses of Andhra Pradesh

Costumes of the state help in defining the social and cultural identity of the people of a region. The traditional clothes that are worn by the men include the long ‘dhoti’.

It is wrapped around the waist and extends up to the ankles. They also wear shirts and ‘kurtas’ to cover their torso. Dhotis were also worn by the women in the years preceding the 14th century. Sarees and Langa Vonis became prevalent later on.

The tribe of Lambadi who reside in the state wears a long skirt paired with a blouse. A dupatta covers their head. Salwar kameez and western clothing have become popular in modern times. Some of the designs that are embellished on the garments have begun to fade away from prevalence. A surplus amount of cotton is produced in the state along with natural dye extracted from the plants.

The Golconda mine is a significant site of the state which is home to precious gems including the Kohinoor diamond. Andhra Pradesh has always been on the top for its jewelry and has dominated the jewelry market for many years. The Andhra Pradesh fashion also comprises half saris called voni.

Full saris are designed through Bidri, Nirmal paintings, and Kalamkari together having weaves of Pochampalli. Gadwal and Venkatagiri portray ancient traditions centuries old. Some of the best gold jewelry and ornaments comprise Vaddana, Buttlau, Aravanke, and Kasula Haram. These also portray the styles of the upcoming generation.

Art and Craft of Andhra Pradesh

The state’s art and craft are a unique presentation of the skills and talent that the people of the region have nurtured and passed on over the years. This is evident in sculptures, paintings as well as architecture.

They specialize in fields of wood and stone carving, silverware figurines, brass work, metal wares, and intricate carpet work. The fact that the people are deeply attached to their traditions is portrayed evidently in the way they make their handicrafts. Alluring designs and detailed coloring enhance the beauty of the works. Andhra Pradesh is also home for one of the famous traditional toys of India “Kondapalli Toys”.

The handloom industry at Ikat has the tradition of producing hand-woven clothes. This includes golden ‘zari’ embroidered sarees and other noble materials. The Batik style of fabric printing uses wax to create enriching designs. The renowned Kalamkari art form makes use of the quill to paint the fabric with vegetable dyes. Nirmal paintings, Bidri work, and Cherial Scroll paintings are a few of the other exquisite practices of art.

Music, Dance, and Literature of Andhra Pradesh

Andhra-Pradesh-Dance — Lambadi Dance – Ramesh Lalwani/Flickr

Andhra Pradesh is a land of three prominent legends in the world of Carnatic music, namely Shyama Sastri, Thyagaraja, and Muthuswami Dixtar. Since the Telugu language is spoken by most people in the state, it can represent the original spirit of the people through the music.

Some famous Carnatic music composers are Kshetrayya, Annamacharya, and Bhadrachala Ramadasa. The folk music of Andhra Pradesh is also considered to be originated from Carnatic music. The musical elements, themes, and underlying meanings of the songs make them attractive. A distinctive feature of the Carnatic style of music is that the song molds in itself the personality of the composer. This increases the expressiveness of the music.

The most prominent dance form of Andhra Pradesh that is practiced and celebrated in the state is Kuchipudi. It is a dance form with similarities to Bharat Natyam and performed mostly by women. Many other dance forms, like that of the graceful Perini, have also emerged from the state of Andhra Pradesh.

Perini is like a warrior dance which is also known as the ‘dance of “Lord Shiva”.The ancient ‘Trinity of the Poets’ includes Nannaya, Tikkana, and Yerrapragad. They were responsible for reviving the Telugu language through popular translational works like the ‘Mahabharata’.

The literature of Andhra Pradesh takes pride in the mother tongue. They also promote its vocabulary to the common people. The history of the Telugu language traces back to the first millennium AD, according to the findings of scholars. Although it originates from the Proto-Dravidian sub-language, literary experts have confirmed its connection to Sanskrit and Hindi.

Cultural Festivals of Andhra Pradesh

Like the rest of India, Andhra Pradesh is a diverse home to people from different religions. Some of the most popular festivals celebrated by Hindus are Pongal, Makar Sankranti, and Maha Shivaratri.

Sri Ram Navami, Ugadi (the Telugu New Year), Tirupati Tirumala Brahmotsavam, Varalakshmi Vratam, Atla Tadde, and Deepavali are some other prominent festivals.

Islamic and Christian festivals are also celebrated with joy among the people. Other significant fairs and events include Dance Festival, Vishakha Utsav, and Deccan festival. They are all organized in the state to enjoy and appreciate cultural values.

Occupations of Andhra Pradesh

Andhra-Pradesh-Occupation — Image – Gangavva/Wikimedia

About 70 percent of the population is dependent on the occupation of agriculture. The production of rice is abundant in the state, making it among the largest producers of India. With the increasing influence of technology, the Information Technology sector has been on its way to flourishment in recent years. Engineering, consultancy, telecom, and other related sectors. They also provide considerable employment to the youth of the state.

Andhra Pradesh is a rich state of various religions, ethnicity, traditions, cultures, beliefs, and practices. The rural traditions and modern lifestyle come together in splendid harmony that thrives in the state.

People regardless of religious beliefs, come together to celebrate festivals and ceremonious occasions. Many citizens still believe in age-old traditions, like Muggulu, and pursue them with sincerity. These practices are prevalent in many households and often vary according to ethnicity. It is a specialty of Andhra Pradesh where every district or every house follows a particular lifestyle that distinctly identifies it from the rest.

Andhra Pradesh is a land of colors and enriching history that takes pride in its deep attachment to its roots. The state offers a diverse tapestry of brilliant culture to those who visit the land.

Indian Beads – Tiny, Vibrant, and Holistically Artistic

Tasneem Sariya

June 4, 2021

Beads may be little, but their usage and utility are large. The tiny round ornaments are strewn together to form umpteen things. Whether as jewelry, talismans, ornamentations, or decorations, beadwork is intricate and precise. The beads can be sewed onto a material or fabric or used to create 3-dimensional objects, such as baskets, jewelry, etc.
The beads, of course, are the hero of the art coming in different sizes, colors, and shine. The process and methodology of producing and creating the beads have changed over time. Yet, beads were created in ancient times and are one of the oldest ornaments to have been around.

Tracing Indian Beads Through History

History-of-Indian-Beads — Harappan (Indus Valley) Beads – Gary Todd/Flickr

The earliest beads were probably used in Mesopotamia and then sent across to Egypt and made from shells and ivory. Also, ‘beads’ then were objects that could be holed, such as stones, animal teeth, shells, and seeds. Yet, it was in Egypt that the bead art form took real shape. Since 3100 BC the faience beads or beads made from a mix of powder clay and lime, silica sand, and soda have been around. This mixture with a bit of water was made into a paste and then molded around a straw or stick to be heated. Once fired the bead hardened and in fact, this method is still used in the production of beads to date too.

The evidence of beads being around for centuries is found in various archeological sites, texts, and also in paintings and drawings from ancient times. For example, King Tut of Egypt had beads in his tomb. But beadwork was not only confined to the Egyptian civilization. Beaded objects have been found in Japan that dates back to the 8th century. Similarly, in India beadwork objects, such as bracelets and armlets were found during the Harappa civilization. The beads of Harappa were extremely diverse and of many types, such as faience, alabaster, lapis, jasper, turquoise, terra cotta, and more.

Suggested Read – Top 10 Traditional Indian Fashion Accessories

The history of beads is fascinating and sometimes hard to keep track of. They have been exported from one place to another until beads have been used all across the world, including in America, Europe, Asia, and Africa. An example of this is in Arikamedu Tamil where Roman beads were excavated dating back from 200 BCE to 700 CE. But of course, with time there was an advancement in technology and infrastructure in the bead-making process.

Spiritual Aspect of Indian Beads

One of the main reasons for beads being so popular since ancient times is their usage in talismans and spiritual objects. The beads strung together in a thread are perfect for those chanting prayers and also helpful to keep a count. For example, the Buddhists use malas made from seed beads from the Bodhi tree. Similarly, Muslims use tasbihs made from different beads, such as amber, plastic, ivory, or pearls. The Hindus japmala are often made from tulsi beads, sandalwood beads, or the Rudraksha. The kind and types of beads used vary, however, the purpose is often the same.

Indian Beads in Ornamentation

The next huge usage of beads is their added value and beauty as jewelry. A strung bracelet of beads is a pretty sight and a necklace looks elegant and classy. One can look at the different states of India and one would know how the beadwork is an intricate part of the traditional garments and accessories. For example in Northeast beads, such as shells, Cornelius, seeds, and glass beads are used to make accessories for both men and women. The Bondo tribe of Odisha wear breast pieces made from beads. The Gaddis of Himachal Pradesh has traditional caps decorated with beads and feathers and flowers.

The Hallakki tribe from Karnataka wear long beaded necklaces and the Jarawas of Andaman often wear strings made from cowries and shells.

However, the scope of using beads as an artistic concept has been widely accepted and experimented with. Beads are used in ornamentation, decoration, and also in making various utility and decorative objects, such as handbags, baskets, wall hangings, coasters, and much more.

The usage of beads is also extensive on fabrics. A delicate lining on a dupatta or a heavy embroidered beaded work on a Kurti is equally appreciated and loved.

Bead Weaving in India

Indian-Beeds-Weaving — Image – PublicDomainPictures/Pixabay

In India, the beading industry’s heart lies in Gujarat. Artisans have been involved in bead weaving for generations, especially in the Saurashtra and Kutch areas. Known as ‘moti bharat’ this art form gives rise to wonderful expressions, such as toran (wall hangings), mangal kalash (puja pots), or indhonis (mat for pots), etc.

Typically a woman artisan in Gujarat would sit with her beads and the dora or thread that it needs to be beaded through. Coiling the thread around her toe she begins the process of putting tiny beads one after the other to form patterns and colorful designs of high-quality artistic fervor. The number of threads used also may vary from ornament to ornament or from design to design. Some of the techniques used to make the various objects from beads include bead braiding, bead stringing, and bead crochet.

Colorful Indian beads — Image – Masrur Ashraf/Flickr

Also, traditionally different colored beads are often used for different occasions. White beads are for marriages, whereas for engagements green beads are worn. The great thing about these artisans is that usually there is no draft design or a pattern that they see and copy. However, the women do speak verbally and decide on a pattern and then just go with the flow.

Besides, Gujarat, Rajasthan is also famous for beadwork. Some traditional tribes, such as Bopas and Kalbelia wear striking beaded jewelry. Even their bright head gears adore splendid designs and patterns of bead weaving. The different beading work and types in India include Jaipuri beads, Kashmiri beads, Meenakari beads, and more. Besides, the seed bead, in India lac beads are also popular which come from the secretion of insects. There are also lampwork beads that are exported from India.

Indian Bead objects

Indian-Beads-Objects — Image-Tracy Hunter/Flickr

In India, zari work is quite popular. Beads are used to attach to the fabric in different ways. They are either stitched directly, bound together, and then stitched or stitched using the crouching stitch. Beads on fabrics for not only garments but other accessories, such as handbags and footwear are also attractive.

Beaded accessories, such as bags, have been famous since the 19th century. With frames made from silver, gold, nickel, or ivory the bags are quite a rage and in different sizes and shapes. Also, footwear, especially mojris are often beaded to make them look regal and royal. One can imagine kings and queens of erstwhile eras adorning their entire garments and accessories with intricate bead designs.

Beading in India Today

Indian-Beads-in-Ornamentation — Image – Sukhjinder/Pixhive

There are two distinct parts to the beading industry. One is the manufacturing of different kinds of beads. The other is the artistic aspect where the beads are used for various ornamentation and designs.

The manufacturing of the beads is technology-driven with machines producing a large number of these tiny-sized beads. The industry is so diversified that even within glass beads there are many different variations. Some include jade glass beads, glass pearl beads, glass coral, and many more. The many other types of beads include Kolhapuri beads, micron plated beads, hollow metal beads, aluminum beads, wire metal beads, brass beads, etc.

Hence with several different types of beads being produced, the scope of their usage and artistic endeavor is also huge.

The beading industry is hence a wonderful blend of modern and traditional. Where on one hand the beads themselves are evolved through better technology and infrastructure, the utility and creative expression of these is wide too.
Beaded artistic work looks splendid, intricate and gives a 3D effect that adds to the charm of the ornament or decoration. It is wonderful to imagine how a simple tiny object can transform into beauty and color when strewn together.

Meenakari Painting – Intricate, Decorative and Graceful

Pari Bhatnagar

June 3, 2021

Meenakari-Painting-Occurrence — Image – Wikipedia

Meenakari or Minakari painting is known as the art and process of painting or embellishing the various types of metals like gold, silver, etc. This is done with vibrant colors in spectacular designs, patterns, and themes of flowers, leaves, and birds. It is also the practice of painting metal surfaces and ceramic tiles through enameling, an old and broadly accepted technology that is mainly used in jewelry and decorative art. In ancient times, enameling was only done on gold whereas now, it is also done on other metals like silver and copper. Meenakari, the ancient and intricate art form is considered to be one of the most complicated and complex metal decorations which require an immense amount of commitment, enthusiasm, dedication, skill, precision, and accuracy. The artisans who practice this Meenakari art form are called ‘Meenakars’.

History of Meenakari Paintings

Meenakari-Painting History — Image – Wikimedia

This traditional art form of Meenakari involves the process of painting metal surfaces and ceramic tiles through the method of enameling. It was first originated in Safavid Iran or Safavid Persia which was one of the greatest Iranian empires. The art form is practiced and commercially produced primarily and largely in Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India. Meenakari work was originated in Persia and created by Iranian craftsmen. It was widely accepted by Greeks, Chinese, Russian as well as Mughals. The art form was unknown and unfamiliar to India but was later introduced by the Mughals.

The Meenakari art form is however often linked to the lively state of Rajasthan in India. This is because of Raja Man Singh of Amber (Jaipur), the man who found the technique and brought Meenakari to Rajasthan around the 16th century. He invited skilled, Persian meenakars from the court of Mughals in Lahore to Rajasthan and established them in Jaipur. They gave the Meenakari art an Indian flavor with a clear and definite look. This is why, today, meenakars from Jaipur are renowned for their production and Jaipur is the hub and the heart of Meenakari work in India with Rajasthan being the capital of the Meenakari trade in the country. Soon, the Meenakari art form started spreading across the country to the other parts of the Mughal Empire. This included Delhi, Punjab, and Lucknow and every area started having its technique and style.

‘Meenakari’ is derived from Meena, the feminine form of the Persian word Minoo. It means heaven or paradise, and Kari meaning to do or put something onto something else. Thus, the word ‘Meenakari’ means to place or put paradise onto an object.

Process of Meenakari Paintings

Meenakari-Painting-Process2 — Image-Harminder Singh/Wikimedia

The process of making Meenakari is very long, complex, and complicated. It requires a lot of skill and dedication. It involves the fusing of colored powder glass to a substrate like metal, glass, or ceramics. This is done through intense heat or firing, typically between 750 and 850 ° Celsius or 1,380 and 1,560 ° Fahrenheit. By doing this, the material is made known as vitreous enamel or porcelain enamel. The powder melts flows and then cures to a smooth, long-lasting, durable, and vitreous coating on the metal, glass, or ceramics. Enamel can be used on any metal, stone, substance, or material that can withstand and hold up the fusing temperatures.

The piece of metal is fixed on a lac stick on which Meenakari is to be done. Beautiful, detailed, and elegant designs of flora and fauna, flowers, birds, fish, etc. are carved or engraved on it. Walls and grooves to hold and grasp the color are thus created and the enamel dust of the required color is then discharged and rushed into the grooves. The heat of the kiln melts the color the melted color spreads evenly into the groove. The Meenakari art comprises intricate and elaborate designs made by using geometric lines and shapes and exquisite designs. The Meenakari art is used as a decorative feature to serving dishes, vases, frames, showcases, containers, and jewelry.

Usage of Meenakari Paintings

Meenakari-Painting-in-Jewelry — Image Source

Known for its striking and eye-catching features, the Meenakari art form is showcased on a variety of products. This ranges from anklets, earrings, jewelry boxes, photo frames, key chains, small temple stools, and chairs. Rajasthan and Gujarat are the most famous for their Meenakari articles and jewelry with Jaipur being the main center of it. Traditional Mughal colors such as red, green, and white are used for the enameling in Jaipur. Nathdwara, Bikaner, and Udaipur are popular for their silver Meenakari and Pratapgarh is known for its glass enameling. The art form is even now practiced today in several places of India. The rose-pink color or the gulaabi Meena is used in Banaras the most. in Lucknow, the meenakars use blue and green Meenakari over silver. Delhi, Banaras, and Jaipur do the enameling over gold.

The age-old and traditional Meenakari art form and painting are appreciated worldwide. It is truly magnificent and grand and it keeps its crown high by giving a royal feel and experience. The art form is meaningful to many people in many different ways. It is spread across the country, every area has specialized in its adaptation of style and technique of the art form.

7 Best Adventurous Places to Visit in Ladakh for a Thrilling Experience

Caleidoscope

June 3, 2021

Adventurous-Places-to-Visit-in-Ladakh — Image – Wikimedia

What comes to your mind when you think of Ladakh? Sky-touching mountain ranges, crystal clear lakes, and expanded horizons make Ladakh an incredible destination to explore. The heavenly, breathtaking landscapes of Ladakh can take you to the world of imagination any day. Traveling across the remote villages, located in the high altitudes makes you feel like you’re standing next to heaven. Besides that, the mind-blowing climate and atmosphere of Ladakh have turned it into the center of attraction for tourists. Naturally, there are multiple tourist attractions here that you can include in your activity list while visiting Ladakh.

Well, the presence of so many enchanting places in Ladakh makes it confusing for globetrotters to schedule their day-by-day traveling programs. If you’re traveling to Ladakh, visit the following destinations mandatorily to get the real flavor of this hill-centered land.

1. Khardung-la Pass

Adventurous-Places-to-Visit-in-Ladakh-Khardung-la-Pass — Image – Wikimedia

If you love riding, the Khardung-la Pass is the route to go on a bike ride. No matter whether you’re going for a solo ride, or you’re taking your soulmate with you, the rigid ice-covered route will fascinate you throughout the journey. This pass also leads you to the Shyok Valley and Nubra and it’s suggested to be equipped with high-quality biking gears while biking through the pass. The entire pass remains covered with snow most of the time. However, if you’re going on a ride through this path during summer, you might get a clearer road. However, the straight mountain walls by the road make your journey thrilling and adventurous and hence, a must-to-include place in your Ladakh tour.

2. Magnetic Hill

Adventurous-Places-to-Visit-in-Ladakh-Magnetic-Hill — Image – Amit Rawat/Flickr

It will be a lifetime loss if you visit Ladakh and don’t travel to the Magnetic Hill. The astonishing magnetic properties of this hill justify its name. As an adventure-lover, you may not want to miss the shocking experience of going on an expedition on this hill. Being one of the most exciting elements in Ladakh, the Magnetic Hill receives thousands of tourists every month. Therefore, you must arrange a road trip to Magnetic Hill and don’t get afraid if your car gets attracted towards the surface of the hill all of a sudden.

3. Chadar Trek

Adventure-Trips-to-India-Chadar-Trek — Image – Partha Chowdhury via Flickr

No traveler would step back when it comes to trekking. Imagine how thrilling it is to have a trek to high Himalayan altitudes while walking on a frozen river. Isn’t it jaw-dropping? Well, if you are an adventure seeker looking for some amazing trails to trek on, this Chadar Trek is the best option. Trekkers here get a chance to walk over the frozen Zanskar River to reach their trekking points. This is what makes the Chadar Trek so exciting for travelers and trekkers.

4. Zanskar Valley

Adventure-Trips-to-India-The-Trans-Zanskar-Trek — Image via Wikimedia

The hill-surrounded Zanskar Valley is one of the most charming trekking destinations in Ladakh. Almost every Leh Ladakh Sightseeing includes this place in their list of best treks. The special thing about this valley is th at it isn’t green like other famous valleys in India. Rather, this remains covered with snow throughout the year and you can get a fantastic visual of the Zanskar River from the high terrain of the valley. You are bound to be amazed to see how a portion of the Zanskar River remains frozen while the other portion flows in its style.

5. Namgyal Tsemo Gompa

Adventurous-Places-to-Visit-in-Ladakh-Namgyal-Tsemo-Gompa — Image – Wikimedia

You can’t miss out on exploring this ancient gompa if you possess a spiritual mindset. Anyway, you will have to trek through a remote mountain pathway to reach this exotic gompa. Here you’ll feel an old, peaceful, and religious vibe that will reflect the heritage of ancient Buddhism. Also, the structural excellence and designed walls of the gompa will leave you speechless. So, this place is also a must-visit when you have a trip to Ladakh. You’ll explore the lifestyle of the lamas of the gompa as you visit this place.

6. Diskit Monastery

Do ancient places with historical significance keep calling you? Well, this monastery has all the elements to surprise you as it was founded in the 14th century. The place will take you to the past in the initial days of Buddhism and you’ll make acquaintances with the ancient culture as well. Also, the scenic view around the splendid monastery will impress you as well. This place is worth visiting for everyone who is traveling to Ladakh.

7. Nubra Valley

Adventurous-Places-to-Visit-in-Ladakh-Nubra-Valley — Image – The Adventurous b3n/Flickr

The list remains incomplete without including this spectacular valley in it. The views of Karakoram mountain ranges that you will get from here are beyond words. Apart from that, the dream-like white sand beaches will fill your mind with loads of amazement. The most important thing about this place is that the Shyak and Siachen rivers confluence here, creating an outstanding scenic landscape. So, don’t make the mistake of keeping this heavenly destination out of your plan while visiting Ladakh.

These are the best adventurous destinations to explore when you plan a trip to Ladakh. All these destinations have unique features and thrilling experiences to offer. Therefore, including these amazing and strikingly beautiful destinations in your traveling list will help you make your journey an exotic one.

6 Most Exciting Trekking Places Near Bangalore for Adventure Loving Travellers

Caleidoscope

June 3, 2021

If you live in Bangalore, take a weekend out from your busy schedule and trek to one of these mountains. It’s a great way to get away from the city and get some exercise. It’s also a popular way to bring groups together, whether it’s college students or even office colleagues.

So if you are you planning a weekend dedicated to trekking near Bangalore? These beautiful and best treks near Bangalore will come in handy when you begin your research. Let’s start the journey to some famous and lesser-known yet incredibly captivating trekking destinations near Bangalore that’ll give your weekend a new purpose.

1. Savandurga Hill

Trekking-Places-Near-Bangalore-Savandurga-Hill — Image – Solarisgirl/Flickr

This most picturesque trekking place is considered to be one of the largest monolith hills in India. The route to the top takes you to a marvelous fort that is said to have been built by Kempe Gowda II, from where you can get an excellent view of Bangalore’s outskirts. Here, you don’t have to worry about getting lost as the place is always filled with trekkers from different parts of the world. Savandurga is just perfect for nature enthusiasts and adventure lovers.

Distance From Bangalore: 70 km
Difficulty level: Easy to moderate
Highlights: One of the best places to trek near Bangalore during the night.

2. Tadiandamol

Trekking-Places-Near-Bangalore-Tadiandamol — Image – Wikimedia

Known as the second highest peak in Karnataka, located at the Western Ghats range of Coorg, this place is considered as one of the most happening for trekking near Banglore as it reaches an elevation of 1,748 meters. Also considered to be the best place for beginners, the Tadiandamol trek is a great option to spend time amidst nature and enjoy a great time. The mountain offers a magnificent view of the valley after crossing the meadows, water bodies, Shola forest, and lush green vegetation. The spot is a favorite spot for nature lovers and adventure seekers.

Distance from Bangalore: 268 Km
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Highlights: Panoramic view of nature

3. Ramanagara

Trekking-Places-Near-Bangalore-Ramanagara — Image – Navaneeth KN/Flickr

The spot where Sholay was shot, Ramanagara is one of the best trekking places located away from Bangalore. This place has many short treks and is perfect for the weekend as trekking here doesn’t take up much of your time, unless you like to take it slow. Some of them will last only a little over an hour. This trekking spot is popular amongst both amateur trekkers and professionals. It is also known for rock climbing, bird watching, and the ancient Pattabhi Rama temple.

Distance from Bangalore: 54 Km
Trek Difficulty: Moderate to difficult
Highlights: Pitch climbing and fishing in Kanva and Janapada Loka reservoir

4. Nandi Hills

Trekking-Places-Near-Bangalore Nandi-Hills — Image by Bishnu Sarangi from Pixabay

Nandi hills or Nandidurg located at an altitude of 1478 m, is one of the most popular places for trekking. You have two options to get to the top; you can trek from either the north of the mountains which has a proper road and is a little more crowded, as it is also used by cyclists and bikers of the south route If you want a real trek to the top. It is a mesmeric location and offers breathtaking views of the surrounding hills and Amrita Sarovar. At the top, you can see the outside of Tipu Sultan’s summer residence and can click amazing photographs from this point.

Distance From Bangalore: 60 Km
Difficulty level: Easy to moderate
Highlights: Most photogenic sunrise from Tipu’s drop

5. Anthargange

Trekking-Places-Near-Bangalore-Anthargange — Image – Sumeet Mulani/Flickr

This trail is a combination of trekking and cave exploration. Volcanic rocks, boulders, and small hillocks have made Anthargange the most frequently visited trekking place. If you love taking up challenges, you will love the climb up the top of a 1712-meter Mountain. Along the way you will have to bend, twist, crawl, through the tricky path to find your way to the top. A tough, but short trek, it’s also not that far away from the city. So in case you only have a few hours and must get out of the city, here’s where you go.

Distance From Bangalore: 70 Km
Difficulty Level: Easy to moderate
Highlights: Overnight camping in the caves

6. Skandagiri Hill

Trekking-Places-Near-Bangalore-Skandagiri-Hill — Image – Kalyan/Flickr

Skandagiri is a hill located in the Chikballapur district also known as Kalavara Durga, mostly expert trekkers prefer this trek due to its tough trails, The beginning of the trail is pretty easy, but as you go up, you will have to make your way through a maze of dense shrubs. The climb is worth it, as you will witness some amazing views from the top of the mountain. If you’re interested in history or architecture, check out the old fort that once belonged to Tipu Sultan at the top.

Distance from Bangalore: 61 Km
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Highlights: Camping and bird watching

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