Diversity Among The Traditional Dresses of India (Infographic)

By
Rupsha Sen
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0

Traditional-Dresses-of-India

In many aspects, India is all about different cultures, such as climate, people, rituals and, of course, attire! People sew, embroider or embellish it in various designs so that it looks unique, charming and individual to itself, expressing the areas it belongs to. India’s costumes vary from one location to another and depend on many ethnic, geographical, climatic and cultural influences. Let’s take a look at some of the amazing traditional dresses of India.

Traditional Dresses of India

Indian clothing has been developing for an extraordinarily long time. In reality, the first proof of the spinning and dyeing cotton comes from the ancient civilisation of the Indus Valley, about 7,000 years ago. Over the years, the people have been sharing their insight into Indian traditions, culture and fashion through epic sagas like the Mahabharata and rock sculptures including the world-famous caves of Ellora. The subcontinent has since its origin created a host of exquisite woven clothing with different styles for both men and women. 

1. Sari/Saree

Traditional Dresses of India, Sari
Image – Inesh Thamotharampillai

The term “sari” in Sanskrit refers to a “strip of cloth.” It’s about 5 to 9 metres of material. It is historically worn by all Indian women—and is very important for the culture. Known as one of the most graceful dresses for women, it beautifully covers the whole body of the woman in the most dignified manner and allows customizations for the comfort of the wearer. No outfit is as capable and versatile as the saree. When draped in the saree and adorned with gorgeous jewellery along with a dazzling bindi, a woman in India appears perfectly gorgeous and elegant. 

The deities in Indian religions are embellished and decked up with sarees. Sarees are even noted as a sacrificial offering to many goddesses. Each sari contains a story about society and its people. Depending on climate, fabric, length and width, and what the wearer would like to accomplish that day, there are more than a hundred methods to drape a sari. To add to it, each state in the country has its own type of saree – ranging from the material it is made out of  (one which is abundantly available in said state) to specific saris for exquisite events. They are also generational, with older women handing down their precious sarees to their younger offspring when they become of age. Many Indian women have been regularly following western styles with the changing of times. However, sarees are still the way to go for cultural festivities and religious events.

Suggested read –The Best Party Wear Sarees for This Wedding Season

2. Ghagra Choli

Traditional Dresses of India, Ghagra-Choli

Ghagra choli is one of the best known classic Indian garments. It is often called chaniya choli or lehenga choli. It is most frequently found in Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and the other countries of Haryana, Bihar, Punjab, Jammu, Uttrakhand, Nepal and Himachal. This is because it is worn in many styles in each of the regions. Ghagra choli was popularised by women of all sections of society much before the coming of the Mughals. For women of that time, it was a characteristic traditional garment. Today, while urban women of India wear mostly designer made ones, rural women continue to favour traditional patterns.

 Such favouritism for this wonderful outfit is very apparent. Due to its looseness and airiness, the ghagra choli allows smooth and pleasant movement even while dealing with any type of tiresome household chores. Similar thoughts are expressed by women who wear this attire for corporate affairs, weddings, festivals, etc. Ghagra attire also the traditional Garba dress of the Gujarati festival. The festivals of Garba and Navratri are where the women dress up and play dandiya and Garba in their rather heavy and exquisite ghagras. Therefore it is also linked to traditional beliefs. 

Ghagra has changed in numerous ways over time. The colours and designs are distinct and unique. Some of them come with extravagant prints, while others look simple. Some people use stones, mirrors, beads or sequins to make it glamourous. Moreover, the entire ensemble has some sort of refined charm and joyfulness because it twirls every time you move!

3. Salwar Kameez

Traditional Dresses of India, Salwar-Kameez
Image – Bulbul Ahmed

Salwar Kameez is a traditional garment hailing from the state of Punjab (also known as Shalwar). It includes a pair of pants known as the salwar and a tunic, kameez. Traditionally, the salwar pants are custom made to look long and loose with cuff like stitches around the ankles. The outfit is frequently combined with a long fabric shawl or shawl called a dupatta, which can be draped over the neck or the head. Decorative designs can also be attached around the neckline, sleeves, bows and slits.

The Salwar Kameez is supposed to be a blend of the tunic and loose pants from the Mughal era. The Anarkali suit was one of Salwar Kameez’s most popular styles during that period. It was one of the most extravagant styles of clothing on the market and was rich in embroidery, therefore always linked to wealth and power. 

This influence still exists and we can witness this in many styles and forms. The popularity of the garment is connected to social changes among Indian young women. Typically, when Indian girls got married, they switched to wearing a sari. However, as women started to marry later on, they were faced with a new dilemma about what attire to wear as single adults. One couldn’t wear their childhood dresses anymore, but they didn’t feel ready yet to wear the sari. They thus turned to the salwar kameez, which was regarded as appropriate attire to satisfy these requirements. It is the clothing that is worn both casually and formally by the majority of Indian ladies.

Suggested read – 20 Types of Salwar Suits You Need To Know About

4. Churidar Kurta

Traditional Dresses of India, Churidar-Kurta
Image – shreemadhufahion

Churidar is a tight-fitting pant worn both by men and women. These pyjamas or pants are longer than a leg length and normally are cut against the angle of 45 degrees, which makes them look stretchable. The long folds on the knees and appear like bangles and therefore it is called ‘Churidar,’ derived from the Indian term churi for the same. It is often worn by women with a Kurta or Kameez or Tunic, and men with a Kurta. This timeless garment has graced all types of native ethnic wear and fashion throughout the years. A wide variety of options can be chosen from designer to casual, from ethnic to Anarkali Churidar. These churidars are available in materials such as cotton, silk, silk, brocade and georgettes. They can be carried with a kurta, tunic or shirt of whatsoever kind. 

While the Churidars may be stretchy and fitted closely, they are one of the most comfortable garments in the world. The extra material above one churidar makes it possible for the person wearing it to bend their legs and sit comfortably. Churidar is excellent for day-to-day and workplace wear with a long or short Kurta. Men often wear churidars with Kurtas or Sherwanis on formal occasions, but for women, it can be worn frequently. Nothing’s better in summer than a simple and light cotton churidar. Initially, they were only available in a few colours, but now printed churidars with particular ornaments have become a hot trend in several markets.

Suggested read – Everything You Need to Know About Indian Kurtis

5. Pattu Pavadai/Langa Davani

Traditional Dresses of India, Langa Davani
Image – Pintrest

The traditional dress in the South, Langa Davani or Pattu Pavadai is the main attire for young girls. The dress is usually worn by all girls who have reached their early adolescence until they marry, indicating their childhood. It is a three-piece, made of a top and a skirt and a voni, oni or davani, generally 2 to 2.5 metres in length. The voni is diagonally wrapped over a blouse or choli.

The Pattu Pavadai has undoubtedly dazzling and dynamic colours to wear during the traditional festivasl in the states of South India. Its contrasting border and fabric are notable in this outfit. Pattu pavadai is influenced by the different geometry and other designs of the temples surrounding native regions. The Pattu pavadai uses fabrics such as Kanchipuram pure silk, Dharmavaram pattu, Pochampally pattu, Ikat Silk, Banarasi Silk, Coimbatore Soft silk, Chettinadu cotton, Handloom cotton, Kasavu pavadai  etc. Young girls customarily wear these through celebrations like Pongal, Deepavali, Onam, Chithirai Thiruvizha, Dasara, Navarathri,Pooram, or Mahamaham. This traditional garment has several names in the states of South India – Langa Davani in Karnataka, Pattu Pavadai in Tamil Nadu and Langavoni in Andhra Pradesh.

6. Dhoti/Lungi

Traditional Dresses of India, Dhoti/Lungi
Photo by Anoop

Indian men and boys, from early times to this day wear both: the dhoti and the lung. Both are garments made of unsewn cloth wrapped around the waist covering the legs.

A dhoti is a huge cloth enveloped at the waist, which is then tucked between the knees and secured towards the back of the waist. A dhoti looks like a trouser but is made up of unsewn fabric. Although usually made from one piece of fabric, a kamarband or piece of cloth attached around the waist can help tighten the dhoti like a belt. The lungi, likewise leaves the fabrrc down from the waist but instead looks like a long skirt. The lungi is created by wrapping the cloth round the waist and tying it into a knot, called duba. Both can be worn by themselves with an uncovered upper body or with a variety of shawls, shirts or jackets.

Silk, cotton and sometimes wool is used to form both garments. While the dhoti is most generally constructed of thin white cotton, whereas tones used in the lungi are often vibrant or colourfully embellished. Lungis are either fine-coloured or bordered by stripes or squares in a contrasting colour. The popular colours include white, dark red, blue, brown and black in daily lungis, but the tones of yellow, pink, turquoise, dark blue, green and purple are more vibrant for celebratory events.

7. Sherwani 

Traditional Dresses of India, Sherwani
Image – Abhishek Shekhawat

Sherwani is a long robe-like garment that men wear, comparable to Achkan or Doublet over a Kurta and Churidar or a Pajama or a Shalwar. A royal dress inspired by Mughal and antique nobility’ the Sherwani is a kind of dress with the same regal impact to this day.

Originally, it began as a creative mix between the Shalwar Kameez and British frock coat. Initially, only the royals and noble monarchs wore sherwanis, which demonstrated richness and success. About the end of the 18th century, people regardless of their social standing caught on.

A Sherwani looks pretty much like an Achkan. It features a few buttons in the front and is fitted closely. The outfit is incomplete without a pair of Juttis giving a more refined and sophisticated feel to the whole ensemble. It comes in many fabrics and decorations, primarily are made of Silk.  Other than that, sherwanis have also been fashioned in cotton, brocade and jacquard. The colours span from dazzling corals and reds to enigmatic and enticing dark greens and black. A Sherwan is the first choice of an Indian groom because it has a royal, majestic atmosphere that any young man on his wedding day would like to feel. It must not be confined alone to weddings, however, and can make a great statement in any formal event that requires one to be perfectly dressed.

8. Kurta Pajama 

Traditional Dresses of India, Kurta-Pajama
Image – Dollar Gill

Kurta is a comfy and long robe, usually complemented by a set of Pajamas.  A common informal dressing method in India, this attire is available in various cuts and colours and is entirely customizable to the wearers fit, occasion etc. 

A knee-length collarless shirt, the kurta or the top is decorated in white or pastel colours. Kurta has been gaining popularity among Indian Men Indian and have found a spot in their daily as well as festive wardrobe. Silk Kurta, which was previously only meant for kings and princes, is now being adopted by the men of the country in an attempt to look royal and elegant. At present, fashion is led by stylish silk khadi kurtas. At present, stylish silk khadi kurtas lead the trend. Men can wear designer kurtas with a pair of jeans for a more casual, stylish and comfortable look.  An embroidered kurta, pajama and a vest is worn as a three-piece men’s suit. A stole can also be to the three-piece traditional Indian men’s clothing.

Over the ages, the prevalence of traditional dress in India has been reduced by influences of the trade on the Silk Road, including British colonisation and western standardisation. However, historic customs remain strong throughout the land and proud inhabitants, who wear these traditional garments can still be seen even now. The younger generation is also slowly and steadily appreciating the classic and timeless nature of these attires and incorporating them into their daily modern wardrobes.

Indian Jewellery – More than Just a Piece of Accessory

By
Somya Goel
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1
Culture-of-Indian-jewellery
image – Abhijit Dutta

The term ‘Jewellery’ traces origin from the Latin word ‘Jocale’, meaning plaything. It may extend its meaning to include decorative articles worn as personal adornment. Archaeologists have found 100,000-year-old Nassarius shell beads. This excavation is the first piece of jewellery.   

Jagannathan texts acclaim that the culture of Indian jewellery originated from the cult of adornment. The tradition of ornamentation has been present in India since times immemorial. This is evident from the classic texts, epics, chronicles, etc.   

 The culture of Indian jewellery is very lucrative and variegated given the cultural diversity in India. You may find a particular type insanely famous in one state and another type in another state. Even the material, the metal, and the design varies from state to state.   

Significance of Jewellery in Indian Culture

Significance of Jewellery in Indian Culture 

In Indian culture, jewellery carries spiritual and ethnic connotations. In ancient times, the jewellery gifted to women in the form of ‘stridhan’ formed a significant part of women’s material possession. The jewel beads are endowed with mystic magic and God’s love. Many traditions believe that jewellery invites good omen. It is a mark of auspiciousness.

Jewellery & Symbolism

No doubt, jewellery enhances one’s beauty. But besides this, it also symbolizes status and wealth. It gives one a sense of prized possession, aesthetic and material satisfaction and is a piece of art of sheer craftsmanship. In primitive times, religious and traditional affiliations were backed by jewelry.  

Religious Jewellery    

Jewellery- The Culture of India - Religious Jewellery    
Image – Pxhere

Many believe that the trend of jewellery began with religious jewellery. Gods and goddesses are often linked to jewellery. I India, being a secular country, sees different types of jewellery associated with other religions.   

The pendants with chi-rho monogram and the cross in Christian tradition show symbolic faith, humility, and strength. In Hinduism, the rudraksha and tulsi beads necklace holds supreme importance for the holy men and priests. Other than these, the pendants of om, lotus, and kali yanta symbolize feminine energy. Muslims wear a locket around the neck to protect themselves from evil powers and evoke happiness, devotion, and joy. Lastly, in Sikh tradition, the kirpan pendant symbolizes the readiness to self-defence. The khanda pendant, too, is very optimistic, representing God’s universal and creative power. 

Bridal Jewellery  

Jewellery- The Culture of India - Bridal Jewellery
Image – Max Pixel

A wedding in India is incomplete without the bride beautifully adorned in heavy jewels. The bridal jewellery signifies the union of two families through the auspicious occasion of marriage. It enriches the beauty of the bride and signifies the prosperity of the family. Even the groom wears beautiful heavy pieces, including the necklace chain, earrings, and heavily beaded waistband.   

Tribal Jewellery  

Jewellery- The Culture of India - Tribal Jewellery  
Image – Seven Diary

The rich tribal culture demonstrates the ethnic trend of jewellery too. These tribal pieces of jewellery include necklaces, bangles, ear cuffs, toe rings, etc. The material used for making this tribal jewellery enormously varies from region to region. Subsequent use of natural material such as feathers, fur, flowers, etc., is also a salient feature of tribal adornments.   

The Bastar tribe of Madhya Pradesh uses grass and beads for jewellery. The most prestigious of their jewellery is coin jewellery. In contrast to natural materials such as grass, feathers, and stones, tribes also use expensive metals. For instance, the Bhutia tribe of Sikkim prefers the use of 24 karat gold for making it. The tribal beauty of ornamentation culture is wide-ranging and engaging.   

Jewellery common all over the country  

In India, the tradition of Head-to-Toe pieces of jewellery is very famous. Jewellery notes some value in spiritual, religious, and aesthetic terms. As mentioned earlier,  varied pieces of jewels are based on regional and religious preferences. These are a few pieces that are common all over the country:  

Significance of Earrings  

Jewellery- The Culture of India - Significance of Earrings
Image – Pixabay

Not only women but also even men wear it and carry them flawlessly. Indian culture embraces different styles of earrings – Danglers, Kundan, Jhumka, Chandbali, etc.  There are contemporary accessories like Kanvelis and Sahara Chain, usually paired with earrings. Though the opening on the earlobe, earrings infiltrate the body.     

Significance of Necklace  

Jewellery- The Culture of India - Significance of Necklace 2
Image – Pxfuel

Necklace marks the royalty; the kings and queens of ancient times wore big galobandhan necklaces to show the power of their royal family. According to the traditional beliefs, chains bring good luck and act as a restraint against evil energies.

Significance of Bracelet

Jewellery- The Culture of India - Significance of Bracelet  
Image – Pxfuel

Bracelets or Bangles or Kadas or Chooras are a must-be-worn piece for brides in India. They are of various types, based on the traditional preferences and even the material differences. In India, you can find gold, silver, ivory, iron, steel, and even glass bangles. Like the necklace, bangles form a significant part of the jewel box of a married woman.    

Significance of Nose Pin  

Jewellery- The Culture of India - Significance of Nose Pin
Image – Wikimedia

In many traditions, Nose piercing is celebrated as a holy ritual. It also promotes the health of women. The Ayurveda too notes the link between nose piercing and the reproductive health of the woman. Hence in Indian tradition women wear the Nath as part of their day-to-day jewellery.

Significance of Maang Tika 

Jewellery- The Culture of India - Significance of Maang Tika
Image – Pxfuel

A bride’s look is incomplete without a maang tika. In our phrase ‘ Head-to-Toe ‘ jewellery, the hanging ornament forms a big part of the head jewellery. The maang tika is dominantly a wedding ornament. It signifies the spiritual and emotional unification of males and females on the day of the wedding.  

Other than the enlisted standard pieces, finger rings, toe rings, and Payal (anklets) are also typical ornaments. The metal used may vary from gold to silver to copper.   

Changes over the Years  

Jewellery- The Culture of India - Changes over the Years  
Image – Pxfuel

With time, it became evident that jewellery is not only a symbol of wealth and status in society. In addition to those, it is also a symbol of financial security in times of hardships.  

The country has witnessed a shift in design trends. Now, religious and traditional functions are not the only occasions to wear gemstones. The culture has expanded to include several new types of stones, including amethyst and garnet. They form a part of the accessory tray of both women and men.   

The old, traditional tribal gemstones of Indian culture came back to life among youth in the Hip Hop culture. In the present times, the people outside the tribal boundaries also love these funky yet fancy designs.  

Conclusion  

Jewellery plays a vital role in cultural and religious domains. Besides this, Ayurveda has recognized the health benefits of ornaments. The culture of Indian jewels has seen many moderations through the years. Despite the changes over the years, the ethnic value regarded with it remains intact.  

Top Indian Artists Every Indian Should Know About

By
Avni Chadha
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4

Top Indian Artist

Art is expression. An expression of creativity and thoughts. It is boundless, beautiful and priceless. Why? Because art has the potential to capture within its fold emotions and memories. It is a medium to understand the time and space in which it is created. 

There are, of course, many art forms and self-expression. Paintings however, are one of the most relatable and popular arts. The symmetry, colors, lines and angles all make paintings aesthetic, yet very often a cultural and social tool. Paintings thus, are a great way to not only understand history and society, but also a way to bring about a change in both. 

History of Indian Painting

Indian Painting
Source/Unsplash

India has a rich heritage of painting arts that can be traced back to more than thousands and thousands of years. Ancient art is evident in the Ajanta Ellora caves, in the Bhimbetka rock caves and in many other historical sites. Paintings became a form of story-telling, of worship and also of depicting the everyday lives of its artists and society. Scroll paintings, Warli painting, Madhubhani paintings etc. flourished over the years. However, the artists who created these gems were lost. The art was patronized by royals but names of prominent artists of these times are hard to find. 

However, around the 19th century artists started to get due recognition along with their paintings in history. 

Top Indian Artists

Painters across the globe gained status, especially after the Renaissance period. In India, social artists emerged significantly during the Independence movement. Painters, just like other artists, became a mode of instilling feelings of patriotism and bringing about social awareness and change. With the passage of time, India saw a steady emergence of some of her most prized artists who expounded various nuances and philosophies through their art. 

So here we bring to you a list of the top Indian artist who have been instrumental in shaping the course of painting and arts in India. Their works have garnered world-wide fame and are considered as an epitome of creative magnificence. Let’s dwell further and learn a little bit more about the best painters of India that every Indian ought to know of. 

1. Abanindranath Tagore

Top Indian Artist, Abanindranath Tagore
Source one, Source two

One of the stalwarts of Indian paintings, Abanindranath Tagore used his paintings to depict the political conditions of his time. Whether it was the Swadeshi movement or other aspects of the freedom struggle, he understood the influence of paintings on political and social conditions. Instead of western art, he focused on the Rajput and Mughal traditional art styles and also founded the Bengal School of Art. One of his most famous works is Bharat Mata or Mother India that is fraught with nationalistic fervor.  Some of his other works include Asoka’s Queen, The Passing of Shah Jahan and Ganesh Janani.

2. Rabindranath Tagore 

Top Indian Artist, Rabindranath Tagore
Source one, Source two

This literary genius was also a great painter. He started painting later in life and he was the first Indian artist whose paintings were displayed in the USA, Europe and Russia. Most of his paintings are images of human faces, flowers, birds and landscapes. Rabindranath Tagore was red-green color blind, yet his paintings were masterpieces. Some of his famous works include Self-Portrait, the Dancing Woman and Head Study. 

3. Nandalal Bose

Top Indian Artist, Nandalal Bose
Source one, Source two

One of the most important figures of modern art in India, Nandalal Bose was born in 1882. He worked along with other artists to steer away from western artistic influences. His inspiration came from the Ajanta cave paintings and his paintings are mostly centered on rural India, religion and femininity. It was Nanadalal Bose who sketched the emblem of government awards including the Bharat Ratna and he also decorated the original manuscript of the Indian Constitution. His famous works include the legendary Dandi March painting in 1930, a portrait of the Mahatma himself. Some of his other works are New Clouds and Darjeeling and Fog. 

4. Jamini Roy

Top Indian Artist, Jamini Roy
Source one, Source two

Jamini Roy was trained in the British system but he changed his style from a western outlook to Bengali tradition. His art is centered on folk tradition and its people. Influenced most by the Kalighat painting style, Jamini Roy’s most prominent art subjects were the Santhal tribe. His famous works include Mother and Child, Krishna and Three Pujarins.

5. Syed Haider Raza

Top Indian Artist, Syed Haider Raza
Source

Born in 1922, Syed Haider Raza moved to France in 1950. However, after staying for many years in Europe and USA he decided to return to India, his home in 1970. His paintings explored various fields, such as cosmology, Indian philosophy, scriptures. He traveled India trying to bring in elements and style from across the country. He is best known for his abstract art and geometric canvases though he was a landscape artist early on in his career. He was also the co-founder of the Bombay Progressive Artists Group. Some of his famous works are Composition Geometrique, Saurashtra and Ankuran. 

6. Vasudeo Gaitonde

Top Indian Artist, Vasudeo Gaitonde
Source

Born in Maharashtra, VS Gaitonde is regarded as one of the best abstract painters of India. His paintings reflect a deep sense of meditative and spiritual essence. He joined the Progressive Artists Group and was awarded by various national and international institutions for his art. His artwork today is ranked as one of the most expensive, though he himself led a very simple life. His famous works are the Blue Abstract, Painting 3, Painting 4.

7. Raja Ravi Varma

Top Indian Artist, Raja Ravi Varma
Image one, Image two

A list of famous Indian painters cannot be complete without Raja Ravi Varma. One of the most famous Indian painters, his inspiration came from Indian mythology and epics. Women were an important part of his art work and he incorporated mythology, as well as realism in his paintings. His most famous work is Shakuntala and other story depictions (Hamsa Damayanti) from the epics. His other works are Stolen Interview, Disappointed, Woman Holding Fruit and more. 

8. Amrita Sher-Gil

Top Indian Artist, Amrita Sher-Gil
Source one, Source two

One of the most important and astounding woman painters in India, Amrita Sher-Gil is a legend in her own right. Born in Hungary, her work is often considered as the connector between Indian and western art. Her techniques were largely western influenced but the Indian elements are striking in her artistry. She moved to India soon enough and her self-portraits are her most popular works. Other paintings include Three Ladies, Ladies Enclosure and Siesta. She is in fact, one of the most prominent Asian artists to have been recognized and awarded in European artistic circles. 

9. Tyeb Mehta

Top Indian Artist, Tyeb Mehta
Source

Tyeb Mehta was a painter, film-maker and a sculptor. A part of the Progressive Artists Group, his paintings reflected modernism and minimalism. He spent some years in London and New York too. His paintings were influenced by Indian themes upon his return to the country touching upon social, political, everyday happenings to mythology and spirituality. His famous works are Kali, Untitled Lovers, Mahishasura. 

10. F N Souza

Top Indian Artist, F. N. Souza
Image one, Image two

The founder of the Progressive Artists Group his works revolved around depicting human figures that were different. There was a sense of both ‘sin and sensuality’ in his paintings. His paintings also touched upon the freedom struggle and giving voices to the downtrodden. His famous paintings include Crucifixion, Women on a Path and Birth. 

11. M F Hussain

Top Indian Artist, M.F Hussain
Source one, Source two

Almost a household name, Maqbool Fida Hussain started his painting career by painting billboards in Mumbai. He met many accomplished artists when he joined the Progressive Artists Group and from there onwards his artistic journey took flight. He is one of the most famous painters whose works have been displayed across the world. His vibrant and bold paintings were based upon various subjects, such as the epics, the British era, Mahatma Gandhi, rural and urban life etc. However, his work later in life invited controversy over the depiction of deities, yet Husain remains one of the stalwarts of the artistic world and is also referred to as the ‘Picasso of India’.

12. Satish Gujral

Top Indian Artist, Satish Gujral
Source one, Source two

Born in the pre-partition era, Satish Gujral’s paintings are an ode to the pain and suffering of partition. He is one of the most renowned painters post Independence and dons many artistic hats with expertise in murals, architecture, sculptures and interior designs. He has also had many art shows in various parts of the world. Some of his paintings include Days of Glory and Mourning of Masse. 

13. Ram Kumar

Top Indian Artist, Ram Kumar
Source one, Source two

Coming from a humble background Ram Kumar was captivated by the world of art and painting. He quit his regular banking job to concentrate on his creative art which mainly focuses on abstract paintings. He has had exhibitions in Tokyo and Venice and is recognized by various organizations for his contribution to the arts. 

14. Jatin Das 

Top Indian Artist, Jatin Das
Source one, Source two

Born in Odisha, Jatin Das has been painting for well over five decades. Some of his popular paintings are Working Woman 2, Flight of Steel and Man-Woman. He has also been involved in teaching arts, serving as a visiting lecturer in various Art institutions.

15. Anjolie Ela Menon 

Top Indian Artist, Anjolie Ela Menon
Source one, Source two

Anjolie Ela Menon is one of the most prominent contemporary artists. A muralist, her paintings revolve around the themes of religion and portraits. She has also worked with computer graphics and has many exhibitions both in India and abroad. Her most popular painting is Yatra. 

There are many other Indian artists both from the past and present who have contributed to the field of art and paintings. However, there are legends who have been the pillar and the bedrock influencing generations of future artists to take forward their creative expressions. After all, paintings are one of the most well known forms of art and it is no wonder that a picture can speak a thousand words. 

Rann Utsav: A White Desert Festival Celebrating Gujarat Culture

By
Eesani Dey
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0
Rann-Utsav
Image – Wikimedia

“Kutch nhi dekha, toh kuch nhi dekha!”
The Great Rann of Kutch, a salty marshland in the Thar Desert, is famous for its white desert sand. The Rann of Kutch is a sight to behold, a place abundant with natural beauty, especially during the full moon. The natural beauty of the Rann of Kutch is enough to make it a sought-after tourist attraction. But ever wonder what happens when people come to perform traditional music and dance wearing colourful clothes? Well, it is the Rann Utsav for you all. 

Here, we will talk in detail about the origin, the essence, and Rann Utsav’s journey to become a much-awaited annual festival of the year.  

History of the Rann Utsav 

History-of-the-Rann-Utsav

The Rann Utsav has initially been a festival of three days. It was first held in 2005 by the then Gujarat state government. During the event, the cultural assets of the state of Gujarat are shown to visitors from across the country and the world. Highlighting the incredible architecture, local delicacies, folk music, and dance is a part of the package of the Rann Utsav.  

It is a time for local artisans and merchants to show their talent. The festival got so popular that it has now become a three-month-long celebration. Starting from December till February, the Rann Utsav is an annual affair anticipated by tourists from across the globe. 

The ‘Tent City’ 

Rann Utsav - tent
Image- Pixabay

The Dhordo Village of Kutch is the main venue of the festivities. To accommodate the tourists a ‘Tent City’ has been made. Nearly 400 tents are forming a beautiful cluster giving an authentic experience to the visitors.  

The Tent City and its experience serve as another attraction for the tourists. The tourists can choose a tent of their liking and budget. There are other amenities like spa, clubhouse, kids’ zone, Golf course, meditation hall as per visitors’ requirements.  

Activities of Rann Utsav 

Activities-of-Rann-Utsav

Tourists have a wide array of activities to participate in. Apart from the performances of the locals to enjoy, one can indulge in sports activities; heritage walks, nature walks, wildlife photography, and much more. 

Visitors who have a knack for adventure sports have various options to avail. Rock climbing, rappelling, zipline, giant pendulum, archery, ATVs, paintball, and many other such sports are available there.  

For those who are into wildlife or nature photography, well, the Rann of Kutch is abundant in both. The Rann of Kutch has a range of ecologically rich wildlife. If luck prevails on the visitors, they can see flamingos, the wild ass, other wild birds, and animals. Sharing some parts with few sanctuaries, the white desert houses many wild animals. 

Heritage walk is also an activity one can indulge in. Gujarat, the once Princely state, has lovely architecture. Those visitors who like to time travel back to the golden days of architectural wonders will not be disappointed. The Rann Utsav, in its itinerary, has a heritage walk also.  

Main attraction at Rann Utsav 

Main attraction at Rann Utsav 

Other than the various activities, the Rann Utsav’s main attraction, the local culture and talent, is there for all to enjoy. On a whole moon night, when the white sand desert shimmers in the moonlight, the sight in itself is something to behold. On a night like this, when the locals dress up in their traditional attires and perform their folk tunes, the visitors can feel the age-old tradition coming back to life.  

With local lanterns and the moonlight giving just the right essence, visitors will indeed have a memory to recall forever. The authentic local dishes, folk dance, and music, the white desert comes to life with all the activities. This main attraction of the Rann Utsav is what makes it such an apprehensible event. 

Locale wonders 

The Rann Utsav is meant for visitors and locals about the locale. Gujarat’s wonder, the food, culture, architecture, nature are what comprise the Rann Utsav.  

Villages  

Visitors can partake in sightseeing. On these trips, they can visit the nearby villages and witness the state’s rustic life. Hodka and Lydia’s towns are near the venue of the event. An authentic tribal village, they house many folk artists and are rich in the state’s cultural assets. Tourists can visit these villages to get a more homely experience of the state. 

Food  

Rann Utsav - food
Image – Facebook

Traditional Gujarati food is always a curiosity for new visitors. To fully experience the Rann Utsav, local delicacies are a must-try. Be it the very famous dhokla, or the thepla, Gujarat is also a culinary expert in other dishes.  

The authentic Gujarat experience during the Rann Utsav becomes complete with a delicious local meal. An array of pickles, chutneys, fries, dals, sweets are available for visitors to try. The organizers of the event pay even more attention to cater to the different likings of the tourists.  

Shop souvenirs  

Shop souvenirs
Image – Saurabh Chatterjee

For those who love to shop and collect souvenirs, pay close attention. Gujarat is famous for its embroidery works, bangles, bandhani lehengas, jewellery, handicrafts, and many more things. A special shoutout to the ladies there; you will surely love their patola silk sarees.  

The Rann Utsav is meant to better the sale of the local peasants and artisans. They present to you a wide choice of souvenirs to buy from. Their applique quilts are worth every penny for their beauty, durability, and quality. Even their craftsman works like wood carvings; mirror works, silver pieces of jewellery are fine things to adore your homes and look. Make sure to explore all these craftworks during the Rann Utsav. 

Camel carts 

Rann Utsav - Camel Cart
Image- Kaushik Patel / Flickr

When in a desert state, camel safari or camel cart rides are a must. The Rann Utsav has camel carts for your service. Visitors can enjoy a pleasant stroll on a camel safari to view the sunset in the desert. One can also avail of the camel cart to visit the villages nearby.  

A ride like this will forever be memorable for tourists. It is a perfect opportunity to enjoy the ancient days by hopping onto a camel cart. 

The Rann Utsav, in its entirety, is an event to enjoy both the cultural heritage of Gujarat and its nature. The festival of the white desert can help make loads of memories for its visitors because it amalgamates nature and culture.  

The Rann Utsav is an example of how to bring life to a lifeless stretch of land. The white sand desert is a curiosity for many. When the white sand desert becomes a natural stage to host a month-long event, it becomes a festival awaited by tourists globally. The “Kuch din to guzariye Gujarat mein” tagline of Gujarat tourism fits even better during the Rann Utsav. The celebration of Rann Utsav is indeed an efflorescent event given its natural and cultural mixture. 

Pashmina: Weaving the Threads of the Soft Gold of Kashmir

By
Somya Goel
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0

Pashmina-fabric

The gold in the crown of India, the Pashmina, is a fibre from the goats of the hilly region of Kashmir. The lineages of Kashmir have sustained the art of Pashmina weaving for many generations. Although weaving began back in the 15th century, art is still prevalent in the region. Although there have been modifications evident in style with time, there have been no significant changes since its initiation.  

Pashmina Goat
Image – Pavan/Flickr

The Carpa Hircus goats, locally called Chyangra, are found only in regions 15000 feet above sea level, including the Changthang and Kargil regions of Kashmir, some parts of Ladakh, Nepal, and Tibet. The Changpas tribes of the Changthang region are ascribed as the parent rearers of this goat and hence of the Pashm fibre. The semi-nomadic tribes from upper lands come and settle in Changthang for four months, during which period, the undercoat is grown for the Pashm. 

History of Pashmina

Pashmina - History
Image – Xetark / Flickr

Dating back to about 3000 BCE, the art of weaving the threads of Pashmina has been a part of the culture of Kashmir Valley. Pashmina has been famous all around the world. Epigraphists have found references of Pashmina in various writings dated from the 3rd century BCE to the 11th century CE.  

Under Kashmiri Monarch

Pashmina- Under Kashmiri Monarch
Image – Wikimedia commons

In India, Zain Ul Abidin, the 15th-century king of Kashmir, popularized the Pashmina wool industry. As a prince, he became highly inclined towards the handloom industry and handcraft during his stay in Samarkand. During his reign, Skilled Turkish weavers were brought to the court to disseminate the shawl industry. The Pashmina wool industry also thrived during the Mughal reign as the Mughal rulers were great admirers of art and patronized the art.  

Influence in Europe

Pashmina- European Influence
Image – Facebook

The Pashmina wool made its place in the elite European fashion by the 18th century. The soft, warm cloth was highly in demand among European royals and nobles. To illustrate, Napoleon Bonaparte, the French monarch, gifted a pashmina shawl to his beloved spouse Josephine. The Pashmina of Kashmir became a fashion statement in Europe as Cashmere shawls, coming from its place of origin, that is, Kashmir. The demand rose to the extent that Europeans even tried to make replicas of the Cashmere shawl texture. Finally, in 1777, Scotland was prosperous in imitating the textile for some time. 

Many scholars do not consider European Cashmere as a part of the traditional art of Pashmina. For instance, Hanya Yanagihara, a famous American novelist, states,“The term ‘Pashmina’ is often is used interchangeably with ‘Cashmere’, but in reality, Pashmina is a specific type of excellent, lofty cashmere, woven from a specific type of goat- one indigenous to northern India, Nepal, and Pakistan, and harvested and woven there as well.”

Process of weaving Pashmina

Pashmina - Pre-spinning process
Image – Kashmir Origin

Pre-spinning process

The semi-nomadic tribes of the higher altitudes in the Kashmir region rear the special Pashm fibre goats. These goats can live up to temperatures as low as minus 20 degrees. The 12–15micron hair on their body (wool) protects them against these harsh temperatures. These goats are not sheared by combing to avoid breaking of the fibre. The combing requires complete focus, maintaining the length of at least 5 centimetres. They collect most of the wool by combing, dusting, and dehairing during the spring season when the animals naturally shed their undercoat. Finally, rice water wash strengthens the thumb (the obtained wool is called thumb in Kashmiri).

Spinning

Pashmina - Spinning process
Image – Facebook

Next up, followed by the sorting, washing, and carding, the spinning process involves using yonder or charkha, converting the fibre into yarn. Spinning process doesn’t involve machines as the thread is very delicate. The fine wool required doubling, done by hand reeler.

Weaving

Pashmina-weaving
Image – WanderingSilk

In this stage, the weavers sort the yarn for making a wrap, dyed, and soaked in anima and saresh solutions to prepare hanks of yarn. Then the Tulun process includes wounding the thread on perch (Woodle spindles). The string is winded on rods manually to make the wrap, then go to the Bharangur for wrap-dressing. A wrap usually consists of about 1200 threads. This Bharun process usually takes up to a week, as it involves stretching and fixing each line in the Saaz (heddle of the loom). Washing the cloth in running river water removes the starch from the surface.

Finishing 

Pashmina - Finishing

In this final stage, the Purzgar plays an important role. A wouch removes the uneven or broken threads from the shawl cloth. Then, the weavers rub the fabric with kasher (maize cob) and gets ready for the final wash, done by striking the material against a hard rock. Finally, Andgour carries out the process of Andkadun to give a final touch. 

Types of Pashmina

Pashmina-shawls
Image – Tommy/Flickr

There are only four assertive types of Pashmina shawls surviving today. These are Doshalas, Patkas, Rumals, and Jamawars. The Doshalas are the shoulder- mantles, Patkas, the longer and narrower shawls, Rumals, the smaller square shawls, and finally, Jamawars are the shawls with heavy designs. 

A unique type of shawl, the Kani shawl, comes from the village of Kanihama in the Kashmir Valley; it is an elaborate handmade Pashmina shawl that has made its way to the best museums around the world. Museums like MOMA in New York and the Louvre of Paris still preserve this rare work of art. This shawl consists of Jamawar (embroidery design) or the palldar (plain) varieties. 

The Wovurs (weavers or artisans of Pashmina shawl) use various designs and patterns on the hand weaved soft cloth. Namely, buti (flower), buta (multi-floral), khat-rast (stripes), paisley or Kairi, lahariya (zig-zag), shikargah (jungle scenes), zanjeer and hashiya (horizontal and vertical borders), etc. Each of these patterns has unique characteristics in itself and needs specialization. 

Conclusion

Pashmina
Image – Stephan Geyer/Flickr

At present, India contributes about 1% to the global trade of Pashmina. Although China and Mongolia are the leading suppliers of Pashmina in the world, Kashmiri Pashmina holds the place of the highest quality. This is because Indian Pashmina artisans have retained the traditional methods. Also, this handloom style makes it stand out among other ‘Cashmere’ industries. Competing with the machines, the process is slower in India, taking up to 7 days for producing a shawl. Yet, the quality, softness, and versatility of designs are appreciated and loved all over the globe.  

On 23rd September 2008, the Geographical Indication Registry, Government of India, awarded the patent to Kashmiri handspun handmade Pashmina shawls under the name of Kashmiri pashmina, to avoid imitation of this traditional craft and glory of Kashmir.  

Benefits of Rudraksha – Insight Into the Significance of Magical Beed

By
Eesani Dey
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3
Benefits of Rudraksha
Image – Wikimedia Commons

The Rudraksha Mala and its significance have been prevalent in India and the world for a long time now. Lord Shiva is the central figure for the symbolic representation of the Rudraksha. The idyllic portrayal of Shiva is incomplete without a Rudraksha mala around his neck and arms. The round beads of dark brown or black colour complement every Sadhus and Sanyasi in India.  

The Rudraksha Mala worn by people in the present days has become a representative of spiritual life. Men, women, and children of not just Indian origin but of other ethnic groups are seen sporting it. People who desire a peaceful and spiritual life are keen on wearing these beads because of their scientific and mystic qualities.  

In this article today, let us get an insight into the significance of the Rudraksha. We will look into the details of it, starting from its origin, spiritual essence, and benefits of Rudraksha.  

What is the Rudraksha?

What is the Rudraksha
Image – Wikimedia Commons

Rudraksha is a seed of the Elaeocarpus ganitrus tree. In India, the tree is found in the Himalayan region. The altitude, climate, and soil of the Himalayan region aids in the development of the tree. Unfortunately, trees are rare in India at present. The Elaecarpus Ganitrus trees were used for making railway sleepers; as a result, few of them remain today. 

The Himalayan region grows the best quality of it. Some of these trees can be found in the Western Ghats of South India, but they are not of that high quality. Apart from India, Nepal, Thailand, Indonesia, and Burma have the tree.  

Rudraksha and its Relation to Lord Shiva

Benefits of Rudraksha - Rudraksha and its relation to Lord Shiva
Image – Rudraksha Lovers/Facebook

The outer husk of the Rudraksha seed is blue when it is fully ripe. This causes the seeds to be also known as blueberry seeds. The blue colour connects the Rudraksha with Lord Shiva. Shiva is also known as Neelkanth. To benefit all living beings, Lord Shiva drank a deadly poison. The poison turned his body and throat blue, hence the name.  

Another significant mythical origin of the Rudraksha tree is also in connection with Lord Shiva. It was believed that the tree grew out of Lord Shiva’s tears that fell on the ground. ‘Rudra’ is another name of Lord Shiva. The meaning of the name stands for the one who dissolves all pain and misery. Etymologically, Rudra is the conjunction of two words. ‘Rud’ means ‘to cry’, and ‘Ra’ is the light of divine consciousness. Together it stands for the tears of joy one feels when experiencing divinity.  

Benefits of the Rudraksha

Now that we know about the origin of the Rudraksha let us learn about the various benefits it contains. It has both scientific and spiritual assistance.  

1. Scientific Benefits

Scientific Benefits of Rudraksha
Image – Wikimedia Commons

Many people have health issues because of the fast-paced life we live. By focusing more on our work and studies, health takes a back seat and is forsaken. Diabetes, heart problems, insomnia, depression, hypertension, and many more diseases are common among people. Medicine does indeed play a significant role in monitoring these problems. But scientific research also proves that wearing the Rudraksha does have its significance from which people can benefit.  

Modern research shows that a Rudraksha seed has electromagnetic properties. Following are some of the proven scientific benefits of it- 

2. Magnetic Benefits

Magnetic Benefits of Rudraksha
Image – Wikimedia Commons

The electromagnetic property of the Rudraksha helps in stimulating a proper flow in our body. The veins or arteries with some kind of blockage can benefit from the Rudraksha and its magnetic property. It aids in maintaining an even blood flow, removes toxins from the body, and even lessens body pains. All these make it have an anti-ageing benefit for our body. 

3. Anti-inflammatory Benefits

Anti-inflammatory Benefits of Rudraksha
Image – Wikimedia Commons

The practise of soaking the Rudraksha mala in water overnight and drinking that water first thing in the morning is common in India. Many people of the older generation still indulge in this habit. Research shows that the Rudraksha soaked water has a rich content of Vitamin C. The anti-inflammatory property of the beads helps people grow their immunity. This way, people can curb many diseases and maintain a healthy life.  

4. Monitoring Heart Functions

Monitoring Benefits of Rudraksha
Image – Wikimedia Commons

A healthy heart means a healthy body. Our machine-like body needs monitoring from time to time for it to function correctly. Our body’s system must have a regular and even flow without any difficulties. The different body parts connect and maintain the machine, our body, to be in a working condition. The Rudraksha bead has a calming and stabilizing effect. When there is any kind of problem in the proper circulation of the flow, it helps by exerting the right amount of force to our heart. This, in turn, stabilizes the heart and improves its performance. This helps in preventing heart attacks and high blood pressure.  

5. Spiritual Benefits

Spiritual Benefits of Rudraksha
Image – Wikimedia Commons

Along with the scientific benefits, the spiritual gifts of the Rudraksha helps people to have a balanced life. Anxiety, depression, insomnia are all results of too many thoughts ricocheting in our minds. Our mind is also under pressure and worries, just like our body undergoes wear and tear. The mind also requires proper monitoring for us to be mentally healthy. Wearing it can help us find that semblance.  

Before going into the spiritual benefits, we first need to know the different kinds of Rudraksha seed and their importance. It is available in different mukhis or faces. There are nearly 21 mukhis of the Rudraksha. Each face has its value and purpose. Ascetics advise that before wearing any Rudraksha, one should take some spiritual consultancy and find out which Mukhi is suitable according to their characteristics. Whether to wear Ek Mukhi or Panchmukhi Rudraksha varies from person to person.  

The Ek Mukhi Rudraksha is thought to make one isolate themselves from others. Without adequately knowing its significance, a person wearing Ek Mukhi Rudraksha can end up alone, distanced from their close ones. The Panchmukhi Rudraksha is the safest and convenient for all. The Panchmukhi is famous for its power of maintaining overall wellbeing, health, concentration, regulation of blood flow, and more. The other forms of mukhis have their respective benefits and potency.  

Following are a few of the spiritual benefits of it that one may attain after wearing them.  

6. Effective Personality

Benefits of Rudraksha - Effective personality
Image – Pixabay

Individuals have different personalities. Each of us has some dominant and some submissive traits. Depending on what we would like to achieve, what kind of trait we want to manifest in ourselves, a Rudraksha can help us accordingly. Rudraksha and its mukhis have strong behavioural effects on us. With proper guidance and research, one must select the appropriate mukhi before wearing it. This will help in building an influential personality. 

7. Optimism 

Benefits of Rudraksha - Optimism 
Image – Wikimedia Commons

The spiritual benefit of optimism is another scientifically proven fact about Rudraksha. The Rudraksha has qualities that help influence positive energy in the person wearing it. Scientific study shows that Rudraksha has a dielectric effect. This means that it has qualities that help store excessive good or bad energy one feels. Due to stress and other emotions, people tend to generate negative and positive energy. This energy may further lead to diseases like hypertension, anxiety, and more. It acts as a stabilizer and balances our emotions. A balmy effect, the beads can help one exert positivity in themselves even during extreme stress.  

8. Identifier of purity and impurity

Benefits of Rudraksha - Identifier of purity and impurity
Image – Wikimedia Commons

Rudraksha can help identify pure and impure food or water. It is said that if a Rudraksha is held above any food or water, it can help know whether it is edible or not. Before consuming the food or water, carry a Rudraksha above it. If it moves in a clockwise direction, it means the food or water is pure. If the bead moves in an anti-clockwise direction, it means it is impure and must not be consumed. 

Some More Facts About Rudraksha

Some more facts about Rudraksha
Image – Wikimedia Commons
  • A traditional Rudraksha mala contains 108 plus one bead. The extra bead is called the ‘bindu’. A Rudraksha mala must always have a bindu or else the energy will become cyclical. Sensitive people may become dizzy wearing a mala without the bindu.
  • Adults must not wear less than 84 plus one beads’ mala.
  • It helps people feel safe and protect them in uncertain situations and has properties that help create a cocoon from negative energy.
  • It helps in alerting a person and activating their senses.

The benefits of Rudraksha are therefore extremely powerful and effective. With science agreeing to its powers, it can indeed help people have more balance in their lives. 

Suggested Read – Indian Beads – Tiny, Vibrant, and Holistically Artistic

Nirkaaya – A Message of Peace Through Music

By
Tasneem Sariya
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0

Nirkaaya-By-Sandeep-Narayan-&-Tao-Issaro

The significance of peace is universal. No matter who you are or where you from, peace is the one goal that we all strive towards. Whether its inner peace or harmony in the world, everybody hopes to find the tranquility of a peaceful existence. 

There are several ways and means to find and seek peace. One of them is through music. Music is the rhythm of the soul that brings a calm, a sense of being and a purpose to the listener, as well as the musician. One such duo who is trying to heal and spread the message of peace through their collective and collaborative music is Sandeep Narayan and Tao Issaro. 

Nirkaaya – A musical collaboration

‘Nirkaaya’ is a genre bending musical collaboration between Indian classical vocalist Sandeep Narayan and Percussionist/Composer Tao Issaro. The work is centred on a South Indian classical composition known as ‘Purvi Tillana’, which Sandeep and Tao combine with powerful and driving electronic accompaniment. The track is set to release on 21st September 2021, to raise awareness of ‘International Day of Peace’. 

Nirkaaya – The power to heal

The International Day of Peace is observed across the world on 21st September every year. The UN has declared this day towards strengthening the ideals of peace, by observing 24 hours of non-violence and cease fire. 

The past year and a half has thrown a huge challenge that the world is still learning to cope with. The pandemic along with the several other social and political turmoil across the world often bring in more bad news than positive vibes. Sandeep Narayan and Tao Issaro hope that their music will inspire a peaceful attitude that is centered on hope and mindfulness. Through their collaboration they hope that they can inspire for creativity to flourish and urge people to think about how to help each other. The idea is to understand that now more than ever, is the time for collectively stimulating and stirring a sense of togetherness. 

Sandeep Narayan

Sandeep Narayan and Carnatic music go a long way. His initially training begun under the tutelage of his mother, also a Carnatic music teacher Smt. Shubha Narayan. Sandeep relocated from Los Angeles to Chennai to concentrate on his music and was trained under the renowned maestro Calcutta KS Krishnamurthy. He became one of his youngest disciples and trained under Sri Sanjay Subrahmanya later. 

Sandeep has toured over the different locations accompanied by leading artists for concerts and performances. His combined upbringing in the USA and India helps him to strike a chord and bridge the gap between cultures. 

Tao Issaro

Tao Issaro is an Indian/Australian percussionist and composer, based in Western Australia and Kerala, South India. He was born into the ‘Daksha Sheth Dance Company’ and has been performing since he was nine years old. He has over 3000 performances across 30 countries and has developed a style dynamic performance language that combines percussion, movement, storytelling, physical theatre and more. 

Together, Sandeep and Tao bring Nirkaaya a musical rendition and composition that showases the best of each. As both the worlds collide to create music with a message of peace, do not miss it on its release this September! On the occasion and for the want of peace this musical creation will leave you wanting more.

Culture of Nagaland – Exploring the Fascinating Tradition, Art, Music, Food and Festivals

By
Rucha Katekar
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0
Culture of Nagaland
Image – Roderick Eime/Flickr

The 7 sisters of India are a priceless gift to the Indian subcontinent. With beautiful valleys, rolling hills, thundering waterfalls, and pacifying flora, the entire North-eastern part of India is known for its stellar natural beauty and the invaluable natural resources that it shelters.

Nagaland, likewise, is a gem waiting to be unearthed. Famously known as ‘The Land of Tribes‘, Nagaland has developed a striking yet mysterious image in our minds. Learning about a new culture is always a thrilling activity; the new knowledge and stories that we gain are immeasurable, don’t you agree? And although there are parts and regions of Nagaland of which even scientists are unaware, let us try to understand the culture and traditions in place, in this mysterious land.

Culture of Nagaland
Image/Wikimedia

Nagaland, as you probably are aware, is a mountainous state in the Northeastern part of India. The diversity found in this region is particularly staggering due to the large number of tribes that inhibit a major part of the state. It is said that each tribe in Nagaland has its own set of beliefs and customs which are exclusive to them. Every tribe also celebrates its festivals which, consequently, gave birth to the term ‘Land of Festivals’. Therefore, it is no wonder that the exuberance of Nagaland largely lies in its people. According to statistics, there are about 66 tribes and sub-tribes in Nagaland, out of which most are known to practice Christianity. Hinduism, Jainism, and other religions, while are prevalent are present in minorities.

Background of the Nagas

Culture of Nagaland-Head Hunting
Skulls collected while Head-Hunting as trophies/David Stanley/Flickr

The serene and welcoming demeanor of the tribes of Nagaland is contrasted by their strong and athletic background. Almost all of the tribes are famous for their rigid code of conduct and tribal traditions. These ancient warriors highly value loyalty and physical prowess. In the earlier times, several tribes would raid other villages and head-hunting was a common sport (although most of these traditions are now abolished).

Religion in Nagaland

Nagaland- Religion
Image/Pixahive

According to statistics, there are about 66 tribes and sub-tribes in Nagaland, out of which most are known to practice Christianity. Hinduism, Jainism, and other religions, while prevalent, is present in minorities.

Architecture in Nagaland

Nagaland-Architecture
Image/Carsten ten Brink/Flickr

Being situated in difficult terrain with severe cold, the Nagas have to improvise to make the perfect shelter for themselves. Even today, these people make use of the vernacular style of architecture to suit the needs of the weather. They do this by inculcating sturdy natural resources like wood, thatch, timber, and bamboo in their houses. Technically speaking, the use of Sema architecture is particularly extensive in Nagaland. This essentially consists of houses built in a rectangular fashion with high and sloping rooftops. This method is particularly useful in keeping the cold out.

Food Culture of Nagaland

Nagaland-Food
Image/Wikimedia

The cuisine of Nagaland is probably one of the most unique cuisines in India. With a ton of spices, a boatload of delicious meat and a multitude of herbs to accompany, the cuisine of Nagaland is a pleasant surprise for us. This cuisine is distinctly known for steaming their food instead of frying. They use fish or pork meat in almost all of their dishes which provides them an excellent source of protein. Some common dishes consumed in Nagaland include smoked pork, Silkworm larvae, and snails along with a side of pork. A true non-vegetarian’s paradise, indeed!

Festivities in Nagaland

Nagaland-Festivals
Image/Wikimedia

Nagaland has been associated with celebrations for the longest time. The zeal and enthusiasm that you’ll find here, I doubt you’ll notice elsewhere. With a reverent culture of guest hospitality and a joyous environment, Nagaland has a vast treasury of diversity bringing forward a plethora of remarkable festivities and fairs. Apart from celebrating generic festivals such as Christmas, tribal festivals such as Bushu, Moatsu Mong, and Yemshe are considered to be especially popular amongst the locals. Read more about Festivals of Nagaland Here

Language of Nagaland

Rita Willaert
Image – Rita Willaert/Flickr

There are numerous languages spoken in Nagaland. Although the majority of the people converse in Nagamese, each region in this diverse state is blessed with its language. Like many other languages spoken in Nagaland, Nagamese too does not have a written script. Moreover, there is high use of Sanskrit words in their local dialects as well. Although English is the official state language, it is only spoken in educated circles. Hindi is uncommon and less prevalent.

Matrimonial Culture in Nagaland

Nagaland-Wedding
Image/Wikimedia

Moving on to another important aspect of the Nagas which form a dominant part of their identity is the marriage culture. All over India, every region has its ways to celebrate the union of two souls and Nagaland is no different. Although somewhat diverse, the marriage customs in Nagaland are highly interesting and each tribe has its rituals to follow. For instance, the members of the Angami tribe announce the fate of the couple by strangling the neck of a fowl. The posture in which the dead bird lies is said to mirror the fate of the couple. Therefore, if the bird lies in an inauspicious posture, the marriage would not be accepted and vice-versa.

Another splendid example is the Mongsen tribe. The customs of this tribe stipulate that after getting engaged to one another, the bride and groom are sent on a trading expedition to a distant land. If and only the couple return on time with a considerable profit in hand, the marriage is sanctioned. In another tribe, the groom is expected to pay a price for the bride. A reverse-dowry, if you will. (Unlike the dowry system in the other parts of India) The number of such elaborate customs in the matrimonial part of Nagaland’s culture runs up to thousands.

Traditional Dress of Nagaland

Traditional-Dress-of-Nagaland-Woman
Image – Wikimedia

We’ve all seen several images and perceptions of what the tribal folk looks like in movies. And while most of them are highly presumptuous, usually none of them are accurate. The tribes of Nagaland take great pride in their identity. The way they dress, carry themselves, and even their traditional dance screams of a distinctive style which most of us, unfortunately, are unaware of. The Nagas specifically are regarded for portraying their lineage through their attire.

Nagaland-Traditional Dress
Image/Wikimedia

The Naga men wear beautiful red headgear. The conical headgear is studded with the canine teeth of a boar and the feathers of a Hornbill. Also, the famous shawl that the members of a tribe don are indicative of the person’s social status in the society. In addition to this, the bright tattoos and jewelry that they wear mark them apart from each other. If you think that this is impressive, wait till you read about the folk dance and music of this magnificent state.

The Folk Dances and Music of Nagaland

Nagaland-Folk Dances
Image/Wikimedia

Music and dance are tightly embedded in the culture of Nagaland. Witnessing the folk dances of these indigenous tribes is an opportunity of a lifetime; and if you ever get the chance, I suggest you do not miss it. The folk dances of Nagaland are performed in large groups. They expertly synchronize the dance with the folk music/song of the tribe and make the performance a showstopper. The use of various instruments such as Mouth Organ, Flute, Drums, and others are extensively seen throughout the performance. The joyous music accompanied by the energetic and graceful movements of the dancers is highly contagious. There is no doubt that you’ll strive to savor every moment of the day. After all, the zeal and enthusiasm of these tribal dancers are not seen often.

Art and Craft of Nagaland

Image/Ann Porteus/Flickr

Most of the population in Nagaland are cultivators, however, their craftsmanship is no less spectacular. If you visit Nagaland, make sure that you get your hands on the exquisite jewelry and metalwork found there. The state is known for its iron and brass ornaments such as anklets, armlets, and earrings. They also make use of colorful beads to make the most superb neckpieces. Apart from this, if you’re someone who isn’t moved by mainstream fashion, worry not! The tribes in Nagaland produce the most alluring and unique shoulder bags, shawls, and dresses to suit your fashion needs. Each year, numerous tourists are awestruck by these crafts and get several of these for themselves or as souvenirs. You’re sure to be impressed by such delicate craftsmanship!

One cannot stress enough how fabulous Nagaland is. A dream come true for nature lovers and a blessing in disguise for the traveler, Nagaland has a reputation as a remarkable destination for a grand friend’s trip or even for a refreshing solo trip. A rejuvenating experience such as this one is truly hard to find, and with all that this state has to provide, you’ll enjoy every second of your time.

Culture of Lakshadweep : Exploring the Traditions, Art, Music, Festivals

By
Debangan Mishra
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40
Culture-of-Lakshadweep
Image Source

The name ‘Lakshadweep’ translates to ‘a hundred thousand islands’. Though the number of islands in the archipelago is thirty-six, each one of these islands has lakhs of treasures to offer. This union territory remains relatively an unknown tourist destination among Indians and foreigners alike, and only a limited number of tourists are allowed into certain islands. Yet, they successfully captivate the hearts of all the visitors. Lakshadweep shares many similarities with the state of Kerala, including the language, Malayalam. The majority of Lakshadweep speak this language. Yet it has many cultural factors that make the island territory unique.

Historical Background of Lakshadweep

Historical-Background-of-Lakshadweep
Image – Wikimedia
  1. Historical Background: The islands of Lakshadweep have a long history of human habitation and trade connections with various civilizations. Over the centuries, the islands came under the influence of different dynasties, including the Cheras, Cholas, and the Kolathiris of Kerala.
  2. Colonial Era: During the 16th century, European colonial powers, primarily the Portuguese and later the Dutch, arrived in the region and established trade relations. However, the islands ultimately fell under the control of the British East India Company in the 17th century.
  3. Merger with India: After India gained independence from British colonial rule in 1947, the question of Lakshadweep’s status arose. In 1956, the States Reorganization Act was passed, which reorganized the Indian states based on linguistic and administrative considerations. As part of this act, Lakshadweep, then under the administrative control of the Madras Presidency, was incorporated into the newly formed state of Kerala.
  4. Union Territory Status: In 1956, Lakshadweep was designated as a Union Territory, distinct from Kerala, and came under the direct administration of the central government of India. The Union Territory status provided the islands with a separate administrative framework and ensured their representation in the Indian political system.
  5. Administration: Lakshadweep is currently administered by an Administrator appointed by the President of India. The Union Territory has a local government known as the Lakshadweep Administration, which is responsible for the day-to-day governance and development of the islands.

Languages of Lakshadweep

Languages of Lakshadweep
Image- siliconindia.com 

As to the 1681 census, 11 languages as stated in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution are spoken as the mother tongue in Lakshadweep. Of which the prominent ones are Malayalam and Mahl, spoken by the people of Minicoy. The migrants who work within the Union territory also speak Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Kannada, Oriya, Tamil, Telegu, Konkani, Urdu and English.

The scripts that are used on the islands are Minicoy and the modern Malayalam Grandha. The oldest script on the islands is Vattezhuthu. The Arabic script has become prominent among the people with the arrival of Islam, particularly for studying the Qur’an.

Traditional Dress of Lakshadweep

Traditional-Dress-of-Lakshadweep
Image Source

Lakshadweep’s traditional dress is a true example of beauty in simplicity. Although the dress reflects the links to the southern states of the country, the influences of Islamic, Portuguese, and mainland Indian cultures are unique. The traditional dress of the women is the Kachi which is a garb similar to the lungi and is typically black or white. They also wear long headdresses, called Thattam. Jewelry is a must for Laccadivian women. The men are typically seen wearing lungis but the younger generations have transitioned into western outfits like shorts and trousers. Minicoy islands have distinct cultural features as compared to the rest of the islands. The traditional garbs vary according to the social class they belong to. In the Minicoy, only the Manikfans women wear gold ornaments.

Cuisine of Lakshadweep

Cuisine of-Lakshadweep
Image – Wikimedia

As one would expect from any island tourist spot in the tropics, Lakshadweep’s food is marked by heavy usage of seafood and coconuts. Tuna fish dishes are quite common in the local restaurants, including dishes like the famous red tuna curry, Rayereha, and white coconut tuna, Sannath. Similarities with Kerala’s Malabar culture are evident in the local cuisine which also consists of dishes like Parotta and Malabar Chicken. The Mus Kavaab and Maasu Podichath are popular fish dishes, while fish pakoras are fan-favorite street food in Minicoy.

Music and Dance of Lakshadweep

Music-and-Dance of-Lakshadweep

Lakshadweep is known for its wonderful tradition of dance and music. Parichakali is a popular form of dance in most of the islands, which is performed by men using wooden swords and shields. This dance form attempts to reenact Islamic tales of mighty battles fought in the days of yore. The dancers begin with a slow pace but they soon catch on to a quick tempo reaching the energetic climax which truly reminds the spectators of the valor of soldiers.

Another dance form in the islands is Kolkali, which is also performed in the nearby state of Kerala. The Kolkali dancers accompany their dance with the rhythm of the beating of wooden sticks. The Minicoy islands of Lakshadweep have their unique dance form, named Lava. The practitioners of these dance forms make their performance extra special with unique songs. Other music practices of the union territory are heavily influenced by the sister state of Kerala and are a reminder of Hazrat Ubaidullah, who introduced Islam in the islands. Marriages in Lakshadweep are beautiful with the guests enjoying melodious bridal music, the Oppana. 

Festivals of Lakshadweep

Lakshadweep-Festival
Image-Mehr News Agency/Wikimedia

Like any part of India, Lakshadweep has numerous festivals unique to it. The majority of the citizens of Lakshadweep follow Islam making traditional Muslim festivals like Muharram and Eid. After fasting during the holy month of Ramadan, the Laccadivians celebrate Eid-Ul-Fitr with great pomp and joy. The devotees begin the day with prayers in the mosques and the sermons are followed by distributing and feasting on local delicacies. Muharram is one of the holiest months of the Islamic Calendar and marks the religion’s New Year. The residents of the islands commemorate Muharram with reverence and grief as the event also marks the killing of the prophet’s grandson, Imam Husain, in Karbala. The Laccadivians celebrate the arrival of Prophet Mohammad on earth on the day of Milad-Un-Nabi with sweets and perfumes. Bakrid is another major festival marked by the sacrificial offering of a goat or ‘bakri’.

Traditional Crafts of Lakshadweep

Lakshadweep-Crafts
Image-Thejas/Flickr

Being very close to the coast, traditional handicrafts and art forms of the islands tend to be centered around the products of the sea- seashells, tortoise shells, or coconuts. The seashell necklace is quite popular among tourists and is made from the vast variety of seashells collected in and around the beaches of the islands. On the other hand, coconuts are used to make walking sticks. People of Lakshadweep love color, as is visible from their dress and cheerful personality. This love for a colorful life is mirrored in their crafts too. 

Occupation of Lakshadweep

Lakshadweep-Occupation
Image-Shafeeq Thamarassery/Wikimedia

The life of Lakshadweep’s natives is intertwined with the sea. People engage in occupations like fishing, coconut crops, and coconut coir twining which contribute majorly to its economy. Tourism in the islands is developing slowly but surely. As one might guess, boat making is also practiced in the islands. Some of the other prominent industries include vinegar and jaggery production, tuna fishing, and masonry. 

Tourism in Lakshadweep

Lakshadweep
Image – The.chhayachitrakar/Wikimedia

For beach lovers, adventure fans and eco-tourists, Lakshadweep is an alluring attraction. Clear, untarnished water makes it a nice and ideal place for diving and other activities. Here you can explore marine life by scuba diving with excellent underwater visibility. The islands of Lakshadweep provide lovely shallow lagoons excellent for snorkelling and viewing exotic marine life. The Lakshadweep Islands are a paradise for all those who adore water sports that include yachting, swimming, skiing, scuba diving, kayaking, windsurfing and paddling.

The several islands here include Agatti Island, Kadmat Island, Kavaratti Islands, Kalpeni Island, Bangaram Island and Minicoy Island. The islands are connected to the mainland by ships, helicopters, Air India, mechanised vessels etc. From Cochin, you may access islands such as Agatti and Bangaram by boat and plane. Speed ferry connections exist between Agatti, Kadmath and Kavaratti. Developed infrastructure is in place across all the islands to satisfy tourism needs.

Lesser Known Dance Forms of India You Might’ve Missed

By
Somya Goel
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0

Lesser-Known-Dance-Forms-of-India

India is a country with the most thriving culture in the world. Dance is one such way of depicting this vast yet unified cultural victory of the country. Occasions and weddings are incomplete without dance. From northern hills to the longest coast of the south, from deserts of west to the highest rain-stricken forests of the east, dance(s) abound all across the country. There are about 144 folk dances present and performed in India at present. However, very few come up to our tongues when talking about the folk dances of the country. There are many other dance forms yet in search of recognition.

Many dance forms are overlooked in the herd of the newly emerging or newly hyped dance forms. Here is a list of ten such lesser known dance forms of India that you might’ve missed on. Let’s dig in! The dance forms mentioned in this list include the folk dances and the cultural or tribal dances prevalent in various parts of the country. 

Gaur Maria Dance of Madhya Pradesh

Lesser-Known-Dance-Forms-of-India - Gaur Maria
Image – Wikimedia commons

Also known as Bison Dance, the Gaur Maria dance is a prevalent dance form in Madhya Pradesh. The tribal-originated dance form symbolized the hunting spirit of the ancient humans. Bamboo stocks and bison horns make up essential props used in this dance. The male dancers put on cowries’ headdresses while female dancers are adorned with bead necklaces, tattoos, and brass fillet ornaments. Beating drums and tossing horns and feathers of the dancer’s head-gear are the essential and initial steps in this dance. Tallaguda Marias tribe of South Bastar still performs this dance with enthusiasm at fests and functions like marriage.  

Chhau Dance of West Bengal

Lesser-Known-Dance-Forms-of-India - Chhau dance
Image – Wikimedia commons

The tribal Chhau dance is still performed in hilly forested areas of Jharkhand, West Bengal, and Orissa. The dance showcases the Veer Ras, with roots in martial arts. The dance form initially developed as a way of martial arts training. This rare dance form of India adopted the principles of Acharya Bharat’s Nrityashastra. Besides this, the element and connection of Hindu mythology are also evident. The war dance shows reverence to Shaivism, Shaktism, and Vaishnavism and enacts stories of various Hindu epics, including Mahabharata and Ramayana. According to more recent trends, the dance form is directly related to the spring festival Chaitra Parva.    

Chakyar Koothu of Kerala

Lesser-Known-Dance-Forms-of-India-Chakyar-Koothu
Image – Saundarya Srinivasan

Facial expressions and hand gestures play a significant role in this fold dance. The traditional dance form of Kerala was a primary dance form in temple theatres by the Chakyar community. The headdress worn by the performer represents the thousand-headed serpent- Anantha. It renders mythological stories in the most elegant manner. The two main instruments used in this dance form are Mizhavu and a pair of Ilathalam. The performance carries on with the performers narrating stories from Puranas, spurred with humour and wit. Performed by a single person, it is regarded as one of the most refined monologues. 

Phag Dance of Haryana

Lesser-Known-Dance-Forms-of-India - Phag Dance Form
Image – India Heritage Desk/Facebook

Haryana’s traditional agriculture folk dance, the Phag dance, is predominant in February and March. Also called Phalun dance, the dance brings joy and leisure to the farmers in the state. It celebrates the harvest of the agriculturalists in the state. The performers sing the traditional song “Phagan Aaya re rang Bhara re”. Mesmerizing feet tapping steps follow them. The rhythmic beats of Daph, Nagara, and Dholak make the performance even more cheerful.  

Sattriya of Assam

Lesser-Known-Dance-Forms-of-India - Sattriya 
Image – Ramesh Lalwani / Flickr

Known as Dashabtar in many parts of the country, this folk dance of Assam was founded by Srimanta Sankaradeva. The Sattriya dance made its way among the top classical dances of India in 2000. The dance form demonstrates neo-Vaishnavism. The male dancing style of Sattriya is called Paurashik Bhangi, while Stri Bhangi is the name given to the female version. Along with this, the dance form involves 48 types of movements. Khols, Taals, and Flute form the basic instrument set used in the dance form. 

Kalbelia of Rajasthani

Lesser-Known-Dance-Forms-of-India - Kalbelia 
Image – Wikimedia commons

In 2010, UNESCO recognized the Kalbelia dance form as an intangible cultural heritage. Yet, the dance form makes its way in this list of lesser known dance forms of India as the onset of ‘ghungroos’ and jazz tarnished the popularity of this dance form. The tribal Rajasthani dance form represents the serpent movement with a sheer conscience. The songs were used to disseminate the ancient mythological stories of the tribe Kalbeiya. Although the dance performance is mainly by women, men accompany them with instruments- khanjari and poongi. 

Choliya of Uttarakhand

Lesser-Known-Dance-Forms-of-India- Choliya
Image – Wikimedia commons

The traditional folk dance of Uttarakhand originated in the Kumaon region of the state. ‘Sword Dance’ is another name for this dance form. This name suggests its ties with the Rajput community. The dance depicts the Veera Ras. Like the Chhau dance, Choliya dance too is related to the martial traditions. The dance form is still alive in the Rajput practices. A Rajput wedding in the Kumaon region is incomplete without the performance of the Choliya dance. The song played along with this dance consist of rhythmic beats from brass instruments like Turi and Ransing and percussion instruments like dhol and damau. According to elders, this dance casts away the evil spirits and blooms the seed of goodness. 

Bacha Nagma of Kashmir

Lesser-Known-Dance-Forms-of-India-Bacha-Nagma
Image Manzoor Ahmad Mir/FB

A pride dance of the valley of Kashmir, Bacha Nagma is a loud and colourful dance form. The historical essence of the dance form lies in its origination. The dance form originated years ago to celebrate the harvest season. The leading dancing group consists of young boys dressed in traditional women’s clothes. The Hafiza dance form highly influences the dance steps. Persian literary ideas also inspire the songs used. 

Cheraw Dance of Mizoram

Lesser-Known-Dance-Forms-of-India - Cheraw Dance Form
Image – Wikimedia commons

This dance form is a part of the Mizo culture for ages. It is the traditional bamboo dance of Mizoram. Historically, the communities performed this dance to pay respect to the mothers who die during childbirth. It is a performance in the form of a prayer to ensure a safe path to the heavens for the mother’s soul. The two horizontally placed bamboo staves play the first role in the performance. The female dancers perform steps between the bamboos while the male counterparts rhythmically hold the bamboo staves. The Cheraw dance form even got its name inscribed in the Guinness Book of World Records in 2010. 

Dhangari Gaja of Maharashtra

Lesser-Known-Dance-Forms-of-India Dhangari-Gaja
Image – Upendra Yadav/FB

Last on our list is the religious dance form of Maharashtra. The communities perform Dhangari Gaja to please God Biruba. The dance form is appreciably famous among the shepherd, pastoralists, and weaver’s community in the Sholapur district. Poetry accompanies the dance performance. The poems are called Ovi, written in awe of nature by the communities mentioned above. Attired in traditional Marathi dress, the dance form showcases the Maharashtrian roots of the dance form. The dance performance is to pray for the happy and healthy life of their cattle.

Besides these, there are many more dance forms that we often overlook. Owing to India’s regional and cultural diversity, there is an endless list of cultural affluents in the country. Folk and tribal dance forms make up a large part of these cultural affairs. Although, the government and the public are constantly trying to revive the near-extinct dance forms of respective cultures. Youth has a considerable contribution in this pursuit. Documentaries like Bharat Kishore and NGOs like Rupayan Sanstha form a part of the efforts.

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