Top Monsoon Destinations in India to Get Nostalgic in Rain

June 29, 2023

The Indian monsoon is here! And so are a number of monsoon destinations in India ready with open arms, inviting wanderers and travelers.

As the rain hounds down on my window, I can feel it soothe my nerves. The wind, scent and the whole atmosphere when enveloped by the aura of a good rain, is surreal. It is amazing what the rains can do to the emotional and mental wellbeing. But it is quite another to see how much of a breather it can be for landscapes and physical geography.

Of course, when in India, the idea of rains also is accompanied by floods and a whole of urban clutter. But for now, we choose to ignore its ills and concentrate on the glory of the monsoons. The Indian Monsoons is well marked in the country’s calendar and has its effects on a wide economic and cultural aspects.

However, monsoons also herald some of the most stunning terrains and transform regions to ethereal destinations. As India is still slowly bouncing back to normalcy, the looming fear of a third wave of the pandemic is present. In such times, it is imperative to be safe and not rush to crowded locations.

Yes, the monsoons urge one to step out and discover the pristine beauty of some of the most splendid monsoon destinations of India. However, we try to bring to you some of the smaller, quieter and more unknown destinations that you could pay a visit this monsoon. Maybe as a weekend getaway or a short vacation. But do stay safe and take all necessary precautions that merit importance during this pandemic.

On that note, let’s splash our way through some of the best monsoon destinations to check out this year.

1. Shillong & Cherrapunji

Top Monsoon Destinations, Shillong — Source- Wikimedia

The capital of Meghalaya is a beautiful monsoon destination. Not to mention it is a perfect base to explore the other quieter and less crowded locations of the state. The thing about the northeast is that time seems to stop and there is a sense of immeasurable pleasure in being surrounded by natural beauty. Called the Abode of Clouds, the state is a wonderful monsoon getaway. Explore the Elephant Falls and Spread Eagle Falls as they explode with gorgeousness during the rains. Also, with many companies still offering work from home options, it is a good time to explore this part of the country. All you have to do is work from a hotel or resort and wander to remote areas over the weekends. Cherrapunji with the highest rainfall is a destination worth visiting for its magnificent green beauty. A visit to Nohkalikai waterfalls and Mawlynnong, the cleanest village in Asia are an absolute must.

Suggested Read – Tripping Amidst the Greens – Guwahati to Shillong

2. Coorg & Kodaikanal

Top Monsoon Destinations, Coorg — Source- Wikimedia

This hill station of the South India India is much less crowded than its other popular brethren, such as Kodaikanal and Ooty. Situated in Karnataka, Coorg is swelling with beauty during the monsoons and its thick forest cover is home to a large diversity of flora and fauna. Enjoy quiet trekking, bird watching or visit the coffee plantations while in Coorg. Some of the points of attraction include Madikeri Fort, Abbey Falls and the Kaveri River.

3. Munnar & Wayanad

Top Monsoon Destinations, Munnar — Source- Wikimedia

Another splendor of the south, Munnar and Wayanad are one of the best monsoon locations from God’s own country. The lush green rice fields, swaying coconut trees and the lovely backwaters are a delight to soak and enjoy. The greenery, fullness and richness of nature is at its prime during the monsoons. Visit the Attukad Waterfalls, Eravikulam National Park, Tea Gardens in Munnar. For Wayanad check out the Edakkal Caves, Pookode Lake and of course, the Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary.

4. Khandala, Lonavala & Mahabaleshwar

Top Monsoon Destinations, Lonavala — Source- Wikimedia

Tucked in the Sahyadri ranges Lonavala, Mahabaleshwar and Khandala are perfect weekend getaways from Mumbai or Pune. The monsoons just add a different charm to these hill stations, with clouds floating around and the air crisp and wet at the same time. The breathtaking scenery and pleasant climate are the most soothing balms for tired souls. Some of the attractive spots to check out are The Elephant’s Head and Lingmala waterfalls (Mahabaleshwar) and Karla Caves, Tiger Point (Lonavala)

5. Orchha

Top Monsoon Destinations, Orchha — Source- Wikimedia

Located in Madhya Pradesh, Orchha is a town steeped in glory and heritage of the past. The monsoons are the ideal time to visit Orchha because the Betwa River comes to life with the rains. Situated on the banks of the river, the city is fraught with temples and palaces that are fun to explore in a pleasant climate. Here the beauty of man -made heritage structures glistens on the arrival of the monsoons. Visit the Ram Raj Temple, Jehangir Mahal and Orchha Fort.

6. Pushkar, Mount Abu & Udaipur

Top Monsoon Destinations, Udaipur — Source- Wikimedia

Rajasthan is a beautiful state with some wonderful gems to explore. However, it is usually always hot to travel. But the monsoons is a great time to visit some of its most amazing locations. For one the weather is wonderful and secondly, the water bodies are brimming. There is a freshness and energy that highlights and adds elegance to both its natural and manmade attractions. In Udaipur the palaces look lovely, especially those along the waters, such as the Lake Palace and Monsoon Palace. The Nakki Lake in Mount Abu becomes a sunset and sunrise point, whereas, one can actually be awakened by a peacock call in Pushkar.

7. Ranikhet & The Valley of Flowers

Top Monsoon Destinations, Ranikhet — Source- Wikimedia

Located in Uttarakhand, Ranikhet is a delightful hill station that gives some stunning views of the mighty Himalayas. The lushness and mesmerizing splendidness of the town is enhanced with its beautiful treks and sceneries. In fact, when in Ranikhet one can also visit the Valley of Flowers National Park! The valley is colorful and blooming with the most petite and pretty flora. Trek along the park and get astounded by the natural beauty in every step you take.

8. Binsar

Top Monsoon Destinations, Binsar — Source- Wikimedia

Another splendor in Uttarakhand, Binsar is ideal for our times today. A lesser known hill station, provides excellent views of Panchachuli, Kedarnath and Nanda Devi. The wildlife sanctuary is home to a wide range of flora and fauna. However, it is the quietude and magical floating feeling that one encounters up in the mountains that makes Binsar so special. During the monsoons the town is blushing with greenery and the fantastic Himalayan views make it a tranquil destination.

9. Chail & Shobh

Top Monsoon Destinations, Chail — Source- Wikimedia

Away from the crowds in Shimla is Chail. A perfect monsoon retreat, it was once the capital of Patiala kings. From here see the night lights of Shimla, Solan and Kasauli but stay away from their throngs. Similarly, Shojha is a tiny village in Himachal but its beauty will leave you big hearted. The monsoon magic works its spell, especially on the Shojha waterfall. Other attractions to visit include the Tirthan valley, Serolsar Lake and Raghupur Fort.

10. Goa

Top Monsoon Destinations, Goa — Source- Wikimedia

Finally on the list is Goa. Goa is a popular tourist destination but monsoon is perhaps the best time to visit it. The waters swell, the colors shimmer and the horizons look splendid. However, the fun is also in its water sporting activities. The rains help in providing for some of the most amazing adventure sports, such as river rafting. Needless to say, Goa might be crowded, but there are always pockets of quietude and solitude that can be found too. Goa is a complete package as it is packed with adventure, culture, cuisine and natural beauty.

There are many other monsoon destinations that one can explore. In fact, the monsoon can add so much adventure and peace to any place that it usually elevates it to becoming spiritual and ethereal. We urge you to enjoy the monsoon destinations, but do so following COVID protocols. Wear a mask, keep a distance, wash and sanitize your hands. Let’s enjoy the monsoon, but with a lot of care and responsibility.

The Crucial Role of Stockbrokers in Building Wealth: Empowering You for Financial Success

Cscope Staff

June 28, 2023

Stockbrokers through their expertise play a pivotal role in helping you generate wealth and achieve financial success.

Without them, long term stock investment or earning money daily through stock trading would not have been possible.

They offer you access to financial markets, empower the investor community to navigate the complexities of investing, and help you capitalize on opportunities for wealth accumulation.

In India, you have 266 stockbrokers registered with SEBI. Zerodha is the largest stockbroker having more than 20% of the active client base as per the top stock broker research report prepared by Investing Expert.

In this article, we will explore the role of stockbrokers in building wealth and how they empower investors to achieve their financial goals.

Stockbrokers help investors generate wealth corpus through various services they provide. Here are some key roles of stockbrokers in wealth generation:

1. Trade Execution

Stockbrokers facilitate buy and sell orders on behalf of investors. That’s their primary service.

They provide access to stock exchanges and other financial markets. By executing trades at the desired price and in a timely manner, stockbrokers help investors capitalize on investment opportunities.

2. Market Research and Analysis

Stockbrokers provide research reports, market analyses, and investment recommendations to their clients.

They conduct fundamental and technical analyses of companies, sectors, and markets, helping investors make informed investment decisions. By providing valuable insights and research, stockbrokers enable investors to identify potential investment opportunities for wealth generation.

3. Investment Advice

Stockbrokers offer personalized investment advice based on your specific financial goals, risk tolerance, and investment horizon.

They assess clients’ investment needs and help them develop investment strategies aligned with their objectives. By providing guidance on asset allocation, diversification, and investment selection, stockbrokers assist investors in building a portfolio that can generate wealth over time.

4. Access to IPOs and New Issues

Stockbrokers often have access to initial public offerings (IPOs) and new issues of securities.

These opportunities allow investors to participate in the early stages of a company’s growth and potentially benefit from price appreciation. Stockbrokers help investors access these offerings, which can be a valuable avenue for wealth generation.

5. Margin Trading and Leverage

Most stockbrokers provide margin trading facilities, allowing investors to borrow funds to invest in securities.

Margin trading provides leverage and can amplify potential gains. However, it also increases the risk of losses. Stockbrokers help investors understand the risks associated with margin trading and provide guidance on using leverage effectively to generate wealth.

6. Portfolio Management

Full-service stockbrokers offer portfolio management services where they actively manage clients’ investment portfolios.

They monitor the markets, make investment decisions, and rebalance portfolios based on changing market conditions. By leveraging their expertise and experience, stockbrokers aim to generate returns and grow clients’ wealth over time.

7. Help access to Various Financial Products

Stockbrokers offer access to a wide range of financial products beyond stocks, such as

Bonds, Gsecs
Mutual funds,
Exchange-traded funds (ETFs),
Derivatives trading
Commodity & currency trading
Alternative investments

By providing access to diverse investment options, stockbrokers enable investors to create well-rounded portfolios that can potentially generate wealth through different market cycles.

Disclaimer – It’s important to note that while stockbrokers can provide valuable services, investing in the stock market involves risks. Investors should carefully assess the credibility, reputation, and fees of stockbrokers before engaging their services.

It’s advisable to conduct thorough research, seek recommendations, and consider consulting with a financial advisor before making investment decisions.

8. Trading Tools and Platforms

Stockbrokers provide advanced trading tools and platforms that enable investors to analyze market trends, monitor their portfolios, and execute trades efficiently.

These tools often include real-time market data, charting tools, and customizable trading interfaces. By offering user-friendly and feature-rich platforms, stockbrokers empower investors to make well-informed trading decisions and seize wealth-generation opportunities.

9. Tax Planning and Reporting

Stockbrokers often provide guidance on tax planning and reporting for investment activities. They assist clients in understanding the tax implications of their trades and investments, such as capital gains and losses.

By ensuring compliance with tax regulations and suggesting tax-efficient investment strategies, stockbrokers help investors optimize their after-tax returns and preserve more wealth.

10. Continuous Monitoring and Support

Stockbrokers continuously monitor market conditions and keep clients informed about relevant news, events, and changes that may impact their investments.

They provide ongoing support and are available to address client queries, clarify investment strategies, and provide updates on portfolio performance.

By staying connected with their clients, stockbrokers help investors navigate the dynamic market environment and adjust their wealth generation strategies accordingly.

11. Education and Investor Empowerment

Stockbrokers often conduct educational seminars, webinars, and workshops to enhance investors’ knowledge and understanding of financial markets.

They offer educational resources, market insights, and investment strategies to empower investors to make informed decisions. By promoting financial literacy and empowering clients with knowledge, stockbrokers contribute to their clients’ long-term wealth-generation goals.

12. Managing Risk

Effective risk management is crucial for long-term wealth generation.

Stockbrokers help investors implement risk management strategies to protect their capital. They educate investors about risk mitigation techniques and encourage the use of stop-loss orders.

By setting up stop-loss orders, investors can automatically sell a security if its price falls below a specified level, limiting potential losses.

13. Continuous Support and Monitoring

Stockbrokers provide continuous support to investors, offering updates on market conditions, portfolio performance, and investment opportunities.

They monitor the markets, track investment positions, and keep investors informed about relevant news and events. By staying connected with their clients, stockbrokers help investors stay updated and make well-informed decisions to maximize their wealth-building potential.

Conclusion

Stockbrokers play a vital role in wealth generation by providing a range of services that empower investors to navigate the financial markets successfully.

But remember that while stockbrokers can offer valuable services, investing in the stock market involves risks, and past performance is not indicative of future results.

It’s essential to conduct thorough research, understand the risks involved, and make investment decisions based on your financial goals, risk tolerance, and investment horizon. Consider seeking professional advice from a financial advisor or consultant to tailor your investment strategy to your specific needs.

Collaborating with a reputable and trusted stockbroker can be instrumental in building wealth and attaining financial success.

Great Female Saints of India – Stories of Devotion and Resilience

Gayathri Thatavarthi

June 23, 2023

India is the birthplace of numerous saints and philosophers, including several brilliant women who contributed greatly to Indian philosophy and religious traditions. These extraordinary women, through their unwavering devotion, profound wisdom and selfless acts of compassion, have left an indelible mark on the spiritual landscape of the nation. Their stories serve as a testament to the resilience and devotion of women, defying societal norms and breaking barriers. These remarkable women are a source of stirring and courageous tales of devotion – tales that must be remembered so we can cherish their legacies and carry their lessons forward for generations.

1. Mirabai

Mirabai is a name that resonates with unconditional love and affection in the eyes of many. She is possibly the most revered female saint in India, and the story of her unflinching love and devotion to Lord Krishna is well known and looked up to throughout the country.

Mirabai was born in 1498 CE, the daughter of Rana Ratan Singh, a Rajput ruler of the kingdom of Kurkhi. According to legend, when Mira was five, a wedding procession passed by her house, looking at which she innocently asked her mother who her bridegroom was. Her mother then took her to an idol of Krishna in the house, pointing to him as her bridegroom. That was the beginning of Mira’s love for Krishna. Thereafter, she would dress Krishna up and spend all her time playing with him. While Mira’s love could have been thought of as childish obsession, it was not. Her love for Krishna only grew with her.

After she got married, her love for the lord was looked down upon by her in-laws. However, her husband was said to have humoured his wife because he thought she was insane, but harmless. Nevertheless, after her husband’s death in a battle, her in-laws were said to have made multiple attempts to assassinate her, all in vain- poisoned thorns on her bed turned soft and limp like rose petals, poisoned nectar turned pure and Mira herself was said to have floated like wood in water when she was drowned, according to legend. After these attempts on her life, the great saint Tulsidas invited her to her Ashram, which she left for joyfully. Thereafter, Mira sang the praises of her lord and went on pilgrimages to holy sites, with full freedom. She spent the rest of her life devoted to the lord, before leaving the mortal realm in 1547.

Mirabai’s story is a story of pure and unflinching love and devotion. It was this love that drove her and protected her throughout her life, and she finally merged into the divine.

2. Andal

Andal, also known as Godadevi, was a Tamil saint who was also the only prominent female Alvar or Vaishnava during the Bhakti movement. The story of Andal is that of love and devotion, and is celebrated even today in the Southern states of India.

According to legend, Andal was found as a baby under a Tulasi plant by Vishnuchitta, a childless man devoted to the service of Vishnu. Vishnuchitta named the girl Kothai and raised her. As she grew up, it was obvious that she had inherited his devotion to the lord. Soon, as the young girl took to worshipping Vishnu herself, she began wearing garlands first before offering them to the deity, out of love. When Vishnuchitta found out about this, he was very upset and reprimanded her for doing so. However, later, when a fresh garland was offered to Lord Vishnu, it fell to the ground. Lord Vishnu appeared in a dream while Vishnuchittan was sleeping, saying he only wanted the garland worn first by Andal.

As Andal grew up, she fell deeper in love with the lord. One year, she observed the tradition of keeping a fast for Dhanurmasam, one of the most auspicious months in the Hindu calendar. During this month, she wrote a hymn devoted to Vishnu everyday. This collection of thirty hymns is now known as Thiruppavai and is a very revered work of Alvar literature. Looking at her devotion during the holy month, Lord Vishnu appeared in Vishnuchitta’s dream, asking him to bring her to Srirangam to marry him. According to legend, after the wedding at Srirangam, Kothai herself froze into stone, becoming an idol beside that of Vishnu’s. This idol is still there in Srirangam today.

Godadevi or Andal was the epitome of love and devotion. She was deified after her life, and is now considered an incarnation of Bhudevi. Today, the desire of Vishnu to wear a garland worn by Godadevi is still fulfilled. Every year, during the Garudotsavam, a festival marking Lord Venkateshwara’s descent to the earth at Tirupati, a garland is sent from the Srivilliputhur Andal temple to the Venkateshwara swamy temple in Tirupati, to be worn by Lord after it was worn by his beloved.

3. Lal Ded

Lal Ded is a name synonymous with Kashmiri literature. Despite the religious issues in the state of Kashmir today, Lal Ded is still respected by both Hindus and Muslims. Her works are some of the earliest literary sources in Kashmiri, and she is a figure whose works and life preach values that are relevant even today – of religious harmony, the oneness of God and of society.

Lal Ded was born in Kashmir in the fourteenth century into a Kashmiri Hindu family. These were tumultuous times for Kashmir- times of invasion and forced conversion to Islam en masse. Besides, Lal Ded was married at the tender age of twelve against her wishes. It was not a happy marriage, and she was badly mistreated by her in-laws. However, unlike the women of her times, Lal Ded was a strong woman who could not quietly tolerate injustice, and walked out of the marriage. She roamed the streets as a wandering mendicant, chanting her ‘vakhs’ or ‘speeches’. It was at this time that she met her spiritual mentor, Guru Shrikantha and was deeply influenced by his views too. She commented on religious orthodoxy, communal barriers and society. She herself was a part of the Kashmiri Shaivite tradition, but espoused communal harmony.

Shiva or Keshva or Jina,

Or Brahma, the lotus-born Lord,

Whatever name He bear,

May He remove from me

the sickness of the world !

It may be He or He or He

Lal Ded’s preachings were iconic and timeless. She was a pioneering figure in Kashmiri literature, and was a saint, a mystic, and a rebel. Her life and works have much to teach us even today.

4. Karaikkal Ammaiyar

Karaikkal Ammaiyar was a saint of the Nayanar sect- a sect dedicated to the worship of lord Shiva. She was the eldest of the only three prominent female Nayanar saints amongst the sixty-three nayanars who are held in the highest regard by the practitioners of the sect. She was one of the earliest authors of Tamil literature and believed in making the worship of the divine accessible to the masses.

The story of Karaikkal Ammaiyar is unique. She was born as Punitavati into a prosperous family of merchants. She grew up to be a beautiful woman, devoted to Lord Shiva and faithful to her husband. The story of her rise to prominence as a saint started when, one day, her husband sent two mangoes which had been given to him by a saint, home. While her husband was still outside, a Shaiva mendicant visited her and begged her for food. Having nothing else to give since she had not cooked for the day, she served one of the mangoes to him. The mendicant left satisfied and blessed her.

Later, when her husband returned home and asked for both the mangoes, she panicked since she had only one of them. However, she magically created mangoes out of thin air, which disappeared on her husband’s touch. Convinced that she was something beyond the human realm – a goddess – he left her.

After this, Karaikkal Ammaiyar renounces the world and begins a pilgrimage to Mt Kailash, making a conscious bid to shed her beauty to resemble the ghouls that worship Shiva. She says

So, this is his persuasion; oh Lord, rid me of this Burden of flesh poised in beauty and hitherto borne

For his sake; fittingly bestow on me Your slave,

The form of a ghost to hail You in Your world

On her journey to Kailash, she evidently was met with strange looks and ridicules about her appearance. The following was her response-

If God recognizes me, why would I need a form recognizable to men in all directions who remain mired in ignorance?

Karaikkal Ammaiyar was truly a courageous woman. She devoted her life to God at a time when women were not allowed to renounce the world in the name of God and completely discarded societal expectations regarding her appearance and behaviour, simply devoting herself to Shiva.

5. Akka Mahadevi

Akka Mahadevi was one of the most prominent Lingayat saints and one of the early Kannada poets. She lived during the twelfth century and is famous for her beautifully composed ‘vachanas’ or ‘speeches’.

Akka Mahadevi’s life is shrouded in legend. There are no formal sources on her life, and most of what we know about her comes from legends written by people who admired her and from her own works.

Akka Mahadevi was born in Udutadi, a small village in Karnataka. Since her childhood, she had shown signs of great devotion. Soon after she came of age, she left home to pursue her worship of Para Shiva. However, she soon encountered obstacles in her pursuit of the Lord. She was a woman of unparalleled beauty, as a result of which she gained the unwarranted attention of the local Jain ruler, Kaushika. Kaushika asked her hand in marriage, which she refused and consequently adopted renunciation in protest of his threats.

Another story goes that she laid down three conditions for their wedding – including terms that he could not touch her without her permission and that she was not to be interrupted in the worship of Shiva. It is said that when he later violated the conditions, she renounced all her possessions and travelled to Srisailam, the abode of Para Siva. However, a vachana of Akka Mahadevi writes that toward the end of her life, he visited her and begged for forgiveness.

Anyhow, it was on her journey to Srisailam that she is said to have met the greats of the Lingayat tradition, including Basavanna. Thereafter, she composed four hundred and twenty vachanas in praise of Shiva. She was highly regarded for her knowledge and devotion, and her opinions were respected in spiritual discussions. In fact, the title ‘Akka’ was given to her by some of the most respected Lingayat saints, including Basavanna, the founder of the Lingayat movement.

6. Gangasati

Gangasati is a prominent Gujarati poet-saint who gained popularity for her devotion to God and her beautiful bhajans. Her compositions are timeless and pure and are sung in Gujarat even today. There are no written records of her life, nor are her bhajans written down. Everything about her and by her has been passed through oral tradition. She lived

Sometime between the twelfth and fourteenth centuries.

Gangasati was born in a Gujarati Rajput family. When she came of age, she married Kahlubha, a devout man of her community. The couple was truly made for each other and spent their time in praise of God. Their home became a gathering place for all seekers of the divine in the region. It was in one such gathering that it so happened that a few people of their community dared Kahlubha to prove his devotion by asking him to resurrect a dead cow.

He did so, but he regretted it, for he feared that he might become known as a miracle mystic. Hence, he decided to attain Mahasamadhi, and Gangasati said she would join him. However, he stopped her from doing so, telling her to pass on their knowledge to Panbai, a young companion who accompanied Gangasati from her home when she was married. Thereafter, she composed one poem everyday for fifty two days, after which she joined her husband.

Her bhajans and poems speak about a number of themes that are relevant even today, ranging from bhajans against casteism to the nature of the good and the bad. Her bhajans and messages live on even today in the hearts and minds of Gujaratis.

Conclusion

The female saints of India are much more than just mystics. They are symbols of strength and sources of inspiration to men and women alike today. Their unflinching devotion in the face of adversity and their resistance in the face of oppressive societal norms can inspire many young people today to pursue whatever they would like to despite harsh societal expectations. Their names, lives and teachings are timeless, and shall remain etched forever in the minds and hearts of all Indians.

Cultural Revival by Incorporating Indigenous Art in Contemporary Design

Aashita Chadha

June 22, 2023

In the realm of interior design, there exists a profound opportunity to bridge the gap between past and present, tradition and innovation. As a Co-Founder of KariGhars, a leading interior design firm in Bangalore, my journey has been shaped by a deep appreciation for cultural revival and the transformative power of incorporating indigenous art in contemporary design. Through this article, I would like to share my insights and experiences, exploring how interior design practices have allowed me to truly understand and apply the technical and finer layers of cultural art revival in contemporary spaces.

The Power of Indigenous Art

Indigenous art represents the soul of a culture, carrying within it centuries of wisdom, stories, and traditions. It is an embodiment of a community’s identity, and by incorporating it into contemporary design, we not only honour its heritage but also infuse spaces with a sense of depth and authenticity.

Understanding the Technical Nuances

Design is a beautiful amalgamation of authenticity and technicality. It is a meticulous process that involves studying traditional art forms, understanding the symbolism and motifs, and adapting them to fit modern design sensibilities. By immersing ourselves in the historical context and technical aspects of indigenous art, we gain a profound appreciation for its craftsmanship and aesthetic value.

Drawing Parallels

Incorporating indigenous art in contemporary design is not about creating a stark contrast; instead, it is a harmonious union of the old and the new. Drawing parallels between traditional art forms and modern design principles allows us to create spaces that are visually captivating as well as emotionally resonant. The juxtaposition of ancient patterns and materials with sleek lines and contemporary elements sparks a dialogue between the past and the present, giving rise to a design narrative that tells a rich story.

Preserving Cultural Heritage

In a rapidly globalizing world, the preservation of cultural heritage has become paramount. By incorporating indigenous art in our designs, we become advocates for cultural revival, breathing new life into age-old traditions. This act of preservation not only sustains art forms that are at risk of fading away but also fosters a sense of pride and identity within the community.

Celebrating Diversity

Every region boasts its own unique artistic heritage. By integrating diverse indigenous art forms into contemporary design, we embrace and celebrate the richness of global cultural diversity. This adds vibrancy to our spaces and nurtures a sense of curiosity and respect for different traditions.

Incorporating indigenous art in contemporary design is an act of homage, a testament to the endurance and resilience of cultural heritage. Let us embark on this transformative journey of cultural revival through interior design and celebrate the beauty of indigenous art in our contemporary world.

Urban Yogis and Alternative Yoga in India

Levine Lawrence

June 21, 2023

Yoga had arrived on the international fitness scene long ago, but it took a while to become fashionable in India. In the last few years, yoga has found a big home support and a renaissance is beginning in India. The Indian Government is putting a serious effort to restore the lost glory of this discipline by declaring June 21st as the International Yoga Day in order to incite mass participation throughout the country.

On this occasion, we have prepared a list of yoga practitioners in India, who have created their niche and popularised Alternative Yoga in a glamorous way:

Buddhist Philosophy & Yoga by Samara Chopra

Alternative Yoga in India - Yogasutra-Samara-Chopra — Image – Samarayogastudio.com

She first appeared on NDTV Good Times, where she anchored a few travel shows and taught yoga. ‘Yogasutra’ by Samara Chopra was not only calming to the mind, but also delightful to the eye, as she had an amazingly flexible body that presents various yoga postures. Trained under an eminent Yoga teacher, Saraswathi Vasudevan from the Krishnamacharya tradition, Samara’s knowledge and practice of yoga is rooted in Patanjali’s yoga sutras.

The most charming aspect of Samara Chopra’s yoga classes was her extremely serene voice that explained various yoga asanas that were too difficult to perform. I believe her style of teaching is different due to blending of yoga sutras with Buddhist philosophy.But it didn’t matter to viewers like me who were enchanted by her serene voice, deep eyes and sultry body!

Restorative Yoga by Namrata Narula

Namrata Narula practices an alternative lifestyle of a nomad travelling around the world, while also being rooted in her culture. After completing her studies from Srishti School of Art& Design, Namrata worked in Upasana Design Studio in Auroville, where she came in contact with yoga teachers. She took up yoga seriously and got into Restorative Yoga at the International Sivananda Yoga Vedanta Centre.

Restorative yoga is a slow and gentle practice of Yoga asanas done with props to assist deep relaxation. The focus is on breath awareness and physical relaxation. After mastering her yoga techniques, Namrata Narula today leads a dual life, as a nomadic yoga teacher who teaches yoga in Goa and as an haute couture fashion designer in Delhi.

Nath Yoga by Ashwin Mohan

Alternative Yoga in India - Ashwin Mohan — Image – facebook.com/lionofsurrender

I first came across Ashwin Mohan in a workshop for cartoonists in Bangalore way back in 1999. At the time, I didn’t know that he was well trained martial arts, but I did feel the difference in his way of life. A few years later I found that he had established a self-defence training centre for women named “GITT – Give It To Them”.

Ashwin later ventured into event management and corporate training, but his true calling came when he got into yoga and healing people. He got himself trained as a ‘Nath Yogi’ at Adesa Nath Parampara Vidyalaya. This particular yogic practice helped him develop three powers: ichhashakti – the power to unequivocally know what you want, jnanashakti– the power to build a strategy to achieve it, and kriyashakti– the power to implement the strategy.

Rope Wall Yoga by Rina Hindocha

Rina Hindocha is a yoga trainer and practitioner who has taken up a new form of yoga that is known for its acrobatics. She comes from a rich trading family, but she has taken up this mission to popularise yoga in Hyderabad in a big way. She developed a variant of yoga where practitioners invert their body using ropes. Rope Wall Yoga elongates the spine and relaxes tense muscles. It is claimed to be a miracle cure for back pain if you do it regularly — twice a week for a month.

The practise claims to have several benefits and allows those with just a few years of practise do some advanced asanas such as inversions or head stands that bring a lot of health benefits like easing back pains and those almost-impossible-to-beat migraines.

Community Yoga by Kaleidoscope

Normally, we don’t feature anything foreign since we are obsessed about India. However, the Kaleidoscope Community Yoga in the U.S needs to be mentioned. Simply put, it’s just a few yoga practitioners who have formed a group to connect with each other and create shapes found in a Kaleidoscope. Once you see their Youtube video, you will realise the WOW! factor in their community yoga.

Kaleidoscope Community Yoga is a project started in Bellingham, Washington state to establish a culture of practicing yoga as a community. While regular yoga is solitary search to find one’s own inner spirit and strength, this is about a finding positive energy within a group. It functions as a group organism where each individual forms a piece in a larger pattern that is created by finding a connection. If there is a living example of universal love practiced by a Utopian community of people, here is one!

Virtual Yoga

Virtual yoga refers to the practice of yoga that is conducted remotely, typically through online platforms or video conferencing tools. It allows individuals to participate in yoga classes, workshops, or guided sessions from the comfort of their own homes or any location with an internet connection. Virtual yoga provides a convenient and accessible way for people to engage in yoga practice, regardless of their geographical location or time constraints. Participants can follow along with instructors through pre-recorded videos or participate in live virtual classes, receiving guidance, demonstrations, and adjustments through the screen. While virtual yoga may lack the physical presence and hands-on adjustments of in-person classes, it offers the flexibility and convenience of practicing yoga in a personalized and adaptable manner.

Top 5 Yoga Techniques That Are Widely Practiced Today

Poulomi Dave

June 21, 2023

Top 5 Yoga Techniques-01 — Image – Anil Sharma Via Pixabay

Yoga is an ancient form that has been evolving gradually, catering to the needs of people with different needs. In the recent years, it has been greatly influenced by the West. Today, many different Yoga techniques have been invented and are being taught. A few popular yoga practices like the Hatha Yoga, Hot Yoga, Ashtanga Yoga and Doga were discussed in our previous article. And now, we talk about a few more types of Yoga Techniques that are widely practiced today:

1. Postnatal Yoga

Postnatal yoga is a specialized form of yoga designed for women after childbirth. It focuses on physical recovery, including gentle exercises and stretches to rebuild core strength and flexibility. Postnatal yoga also emphasizes relaxation, stress reduction, and bonding with the baby. It incorporates exercises to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles and promotes a mind-body connection through self-awareness and mindfulness. It’s important to consult with your healthcare provider and join classes led by certified instructors to ensure a safe and tailored practice. Remember to listen to your body and make adjustments according to your needs.

2. Prenatal Yoga

Prenatal yoga techniques encompass a thoughtfully curated series of asanas (postures) and breathing techniques that aim to restore balance and vitality while fostering a heightened sense of pregnancy awareness. The practice incorporates concentration and relaxation techniques that aid in preparing for labor and birth, as well as providing relief during these processes. Prenatal yoga serves as a valuable tool for expectant mothers, supporting their physical and mental well-being throughout the transformative journey of pregnancy.

3. Aerial Yoga

Anti-Gravity Yoga, also known as “aerial yoga,” is an innovative yoga practice that originated in New York and has gained popularity worldwide. This unique form of yoga seamlessly integrates traditional yoga poses, pilates, and dance, all performed with the aid of a supportive hammock. By incorporating the hammock into the practice, Anti-Gravity Yoga enables practitioners to experience a heightened sense of weightlessness, allowing for deeper stretches, increased flexibility, and enhanced core strength. As a result, this dynamic fusion of disciplines offers a refreshing and invigorating approach to physical fitness and mindfulness.

4. Power Yoga

Power yoga is a dynamic and energizing form of yoga that has gained popularity in the western world. It is characterized by its vigorous, fitness-oriented approach to vinyasa-style yoga. While some may perceive it as “gym yoga,” power yoga’s roots can be traced back to the traditional Ashtanga method. In an effort to introduce Ashtanga yoga to a wider audience in the mid-1990s, the term “power yoga” emerged as a way to make this practice more accessible to western students. By combining the strength-building and cardiovascular aspects of exercise with the flowing sequences of vinyasa, power yoga offers a challenging yet rewarding experience that promotes physical fitness, mental focus, and overall well-being.

5. Vini Yoga

The term “viniyoga” was coined by T. K. V. Desikachar, son of Krishnamacharya, to encapsulate his unique approach to yoga. Desikachar strongly believes in tailoring the practice of yoga to suit the individuality and specific needs of each practitioner. He emphasizes the importance of adapting and modifying yoga techniques to best serve the practitioner’s unique circumstances and requirements. In essence, viniyoga represents a personalized and individualized approach to yoga, where the tools and principles of yoga are skillfully utilized to create a practice that is attuned to the practitioner’s body, mind, and overall situation.

Notable Yoga Gurus

It is a widely known fact that this art has its roots in our country and pioneers like Swami Vivekananda, B.K.S. Iyengar, T. krishnamacharya, Sri Pattabhi Jois have contributed a lot to the evolution of Yoga. Here are some of the other famous yoga proponents and their specializations:

Bikram Chaudhary: Helped form the famous Yoga Style called Hot Yoga where a series of 26 hatha yoga postures are done in a hot environment of 40 degree Celsius. He wanted to replicate the hot humid Indian weather while teaching his students in the West in order to help them have a complete experience about this form

Anna Forrest: Ana Forrest developed Forrest yoga as a way to overcome her physical and mental limitations. She has been teaching for more than 40 years, and her practice focuses on healing, which makes her style gentle and innovative

Baron Baptiste: Baptiste is the inventor of Power Yoga, and the son of healthy living and Western yoga pioneers Walt and Magana Baptiste. Power Yoga is an energized practice in a heated room that allows a yogi to reach greater dimensions of self

Lilias Folan: Considered the “First Lady” of Western yoga, Folan was one of the first instructors to encourage enthusiasts through television and home video.

Shiva Rea: A specialist of yoga chant and dance separates herself from other yoga instructors by demonstrating just how powerful music is to a yoga practice. She develops unique soundscapes for her routines, especially her yoga trance dances, and for others to incorporate into their practices as well.

Although the original techniques are preserved and followed by some even today, the ancient system has been significantly altered re-imagined in the last 10-15 years. However, Yoga in its ancient form as well its evolved form has its own benefits. There have been many changes to the way it has been taught today, but the core purpose or the reason why it is practiced still remains the same. Also one of the main reasons Yoga has evolved is that it can be widely accepted all over the world without any cultural or religious barriers. With the conception of the International Yoga day on 21^st June, the ancient art has come into the limelight once again, thus creating awareness among millions about the benefits of this sidelined physical, mental and spiritual practice.

Factfile-
www.psychologytoday.com
www.buzzfeed.com
www.indiatimes.com
www.doyouyoga.com

Exclusive Insider Review: Marvel’s Secret Invasion

Cscope Staff

June 19, 2023

Marvel’s newly released secret invasion gives a fresh take on the web series that is released by Marvel Studious, it’s not a generic and vibrant Marvel web series, For the last few years Marvel has been exploring the cosmic and mystical side of the MCU there were no grounded project as like Captain America: Winter Soldier but the new Secret invasion web series follows a serious tone and goes deeper in exploring the ground reality of the MCU, It’s a complete thriller series which will hook you till the end, This series is Dareker than the other marvel projects which is good because it follows a serious tone. Fans wanted a grounded and good Marvel project since Falcon and the winter soldier which was set in phase four but after a long time they are getting it in the form of Secret Invasion and it’s the first Mature and grounded project from Marvel in Phase 5.

The Premise of the Story

The story of Secret Invasion is loosely based on the comic book crossover event named “Secret Invasion” which had a run from June 2008 to Jan. 2009, After the things that happened in the Captain Marvel movie, The Skrulls were promised a home where they can live peacefully but the promise was never fulfilled and when they felt that there are being ignored they started Sneaking in the government and taking big positions, staying undercover for a long time now they are going to start a war between America and Russia so that they can take over the world while the people are busy fighting Wars, And Nick fury is trying to prevent it from happening.

Nick Fury’s Role in the Secret Invasion

Secret-Invasion-Insider-Review-03 — Image Courtesy – Marvel

Nick Fury is the main lead of this web series and he does a pretty great job acting wise, His expressions show the seriousness of the series, In the series Nick Fury goes on a journey to find out more about this Invasion which is done by the Skrulls and he searches for his former associates and makes a team to put a stop on this Invasion immediately, Nick fury has emerged as a leader in this Web series who takes matters in his own hands and solves, Sometimes in the series he becomes ruthless and violent.

The Ideology of Skrulls

Skrulls are beings that can transform their face and body shape and make it look like whatever person they want, This is the level of threat they possess, In the series Secret Invasion The Rebellion Skrulls led by Talos want to conquer the earth while some are still on the virtuous side there is a bigger threat of Super Skrulls, These Skrulls can mimic the powers of other Superheroes which is insane considering the fact that in MCU’s earth, there are a lot of super-powered beings, overall the ideology of the Skrulls is that they want revenge because what they were promised is forgotten.

Difference Between Secret Invasion and other Marvel Series

Secret Invasion carries a tone that no other Marvel series had in the past, Its cinematography is somewhat similar to that of Captain America: Winter Soldier, Also Emilia Clarke’s character G’iah who is the daughter of Talos, In the trailer we have seen a glimpse of Talos which is Also portrayed as a serious character sets the narrative that there will be no jokes and comedy in this series. Its CGI is also better and it has a graphic scene showing torture. Even though a lot of kids watch Marvel movies this is not the one they should watch.

Final conclusion of the series

Overall this is a grounded series, Nick fury is not an overpowered or mystical character like – Captain America, Iron Man, and Ghost Rider, But still, This series gives a fresh new take on the current ongoing situation of the MCU, There are some errors like the motives of some characters don’t seem well written except Nick fury. And the first two episodes don’t have a lot of paranoid stuff simply because they are likely building up for the Upcoming episodes. Overall this series deserves a 7.5 out of 10 points. My take is that you should definitely watch this the director Ali Selim did a fantastic job capturing the serious side of the Marvel cinematic universe.

Authors bio: This is a guest post written by Swarit Shukla. He writes at Superpop and has been an avid fan of Marvel and DC superheroes. He will tell you here The review of Secret Invasion series.

Kerala Murals – Artful Tribute to the Gods of Malabar

Gayathri Thatavarthi

June 16, 2023

Indian art is of many styles, themes, histories and origins, and one of the most popular themes in the art of India is the admiration of God. Some of India’s most renowned and beautiful art styles, like Thanjavur Painting of Tamil Nadu and Madhubani art of Mithila were primarily made to admire and portray the beauty of God in many forms. One such school of painting is that of mural paintings from God’s own country, Kerala.

Kerala Murals Origin and Rise

Kerala mural paintings have their origins in about the seventh or eighth centuries AD, temples dating to which period are the earliest that have been found. Most paintings have been dated to the period of the ninth to twelfth centuries. Some of the oldest murals, and the oldest extant paintings of the Kerala school of mural paintings can be found on the walls of the rock cut cave temples of Thrunanadikkara and Tiruvanchikulam, dated to about the ninth century AD. Kerala Murals were heavily influenced by Pallava art and culture, since they grew under the Pallavas’ patronage.

The Kerala mural paintings grew to the pinnacle of their popularity during the medieval ages, starting from about the fourteenth century. Sanskrit texts like the Silparatnam and the Chitrasutram were comprehensive texts that helped artists come up with great works. These were some of the most comprehensive works on paintings and art, it is said that there is no work more detailed about art than the Chitrasutram.

Decline under Colonialism

With the colonial takeover of the Indian subcontinent, traditional arts declined. Indian art forms became extinct altogether or had to adapt to the tastes of the British to survive the period. Kerala mural arts, thus, began making appearances in churches, but still reached the point of near extinction under the British. Kerala murals were at the cusp of extinction, and their future was uncertain.

Revival of Kerala Murals

Post independence, an active revival of the art was undertaken, both by the government, several organisations and scholars. Interestingly, a massive destruction of the wealth of mural paintings in Kerala in the Guruvayoor temple led to a concerted effort to preserve the art. A fire in 1970 broke out in the temple, destroying many of its finest masterpieces. Only three artists could be summoned to restore these masterpieces, and this made the temple trust realise the scarcity of mural artists. Hence, one of the bodies that has led the revival of this traditional art form are The Centre for Mural studies, established by the Guruvayoor Devaswom Board, besides the Sree Sankaracharya University in Kallady.

Themes of Kerala Murals

Kerala murals derive their themes from the wealth of Hindu mythology over the centuries. While many art forms remain biassed because of sectarian views, the Kerala murals have a fairly balanced proportion of themes, representing the stories of both Vishnu and Shiva with equal importance.

Kerala Murals Style

The figures of Gods and humans in the Kerala murals are highly stylized, with exaggerated eyebrows, elongated eyes, hand gestures and voluminous curves. The Gods and humans themselves are dressed in elaborate headdresses and dresses, and there is a soft beauty to these figures. Flora and fauna, however, are represented in a manner closer to life. The murals are vividly coloured with Panchavarna, or five colours- ochre red, yellow ochre, green, black and white, with white being the colour of the wall itself. .

Process of Kerala Murals

The first step in making traditional Kerala murals is the preparation of the granite. Plaster of a mixture of lime and sand is prepared in the ratio 1:2 and applied on the walls, and then the same mixture is applied mixed with cotton. It is followed by twenty to thirty washes of quick lime and tender coconut juice. Red is derived from red laterite, yellow is derived from yellow laterite, white from lime, and black from oil-lamp soot. Leaves of Indigo are squeezed and the extract is used after drying up to be mixed with Eravikkara tree’s leaves’ juice for obtaining the green pigment. The extent of the blue or green in the colour depends on the ratios of the dyes. The binding agent for the pigments is made from tender coconut water and neem leaves.

Kerala Murals in Present Day

Kerala Murals -Present Day — Image Source

While Kerala murals are not at the pinnacle of their popularity, they are undergoing a revival after their near extinction under the British. As a result of the efforts of The Centre for Mural studies and other prominent organisations, there are multiple artists today who replicate the ancient art of Kerala mural painting. However, to sustain its popularity, the art has had to undergo a transformation- many artists are now choosing to paint on canvas or paper with synthetic colours to appeal to a wider audience. The future of Kerala murals seems fairly secure, with the state government taking a special interest in the art, having recently initiated steps to conserve the ancient murals of Mahadeva Temple in Ettumanoor.

Famous Kerala Mural Artists

A popular Kerala mural artist today is Manikandan Punnakkal from Palakkad. Another young artist, Vishnu P Vikraman from Puthenvelikara is a product of the Sankaracharya University’s efforts to preserve the art. This link gives the details and contact numbers of several artists practising the art form here. Top Kerala Mural Artists

Conclusion

Kerala mural paintings are a beautiful and intricate art form that has a rich history and cultural significance in not just the state of Kerala, but that of India as well. It represents centuries of devotion, representing God in all forms and of all sects. It is important that the artists take into account modern demands while retaining its focus around God to increase awareness and popularity, besides preserving the art in its most traditional forms. Additionally, the Common populace must also make concerted efforts to encourage artists and popularise this beautiful art form, representing centuries of the tradition of devotion to God.

Exploring the GI Tagged Products of Kerala, God’s Own Country

Gayathri Thatavarthi

June 15, 2023

Kerala, known as ‘God’s own country’, is renowned for its rich cultural heritage closely connected with the divine and its breathtaking natural beauty. Beyond its lush green landscapes and serene backwaters, The GI tagged products of Kerala showcase the state’s unique heritage and craftsmanship to the world, these products preserve Kerala’s cultural legacy, ensuring that future generations can savor and appreciate the authentic flavors and craftsmanship that define this enchanting region. From aromatic spices of unparalleled quality like cardamom and black pepper to the beautiful handwoven Chendamangalam textiles and the secret craft of Aranmula Kannadi, Kerala boasts an array of unique products reflecting its rich history and geography.

What is the GI tag?

The GI tag, also known as Geographical Indication tag, is a form of intellectual property right granted to certain products that have a specific geographical origin and possess qualities or a reputation that are closely associated with that origin. It is a certification that recognizes the unique characteristics and traditional knowledge associated with a particular region. The GI tag helps preserve traditional crafts and production practices unique to a certain region. On the global level, GI tags are recognised by the WHO, and are covered as a component of intellectual property rights under the Paris convention. In India, the issue of the GI tag is administered by the Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) 1999. The first product to get the GI tag was Darjeeling tea in 2005.

1. Aranmula Kannadi

GI Tagged Products of Kerala - Aranmula Kannadi — Image Source

Aranmula Kannadi or literally ‘Aranmula mirror’ has a long history intimately linked to the Aranmula Parthasarathy temple. It is said that eight families of temple craftsmen from Tirunelveli were invited to the temple for their works in temple crafts. These craftsmen specialised in metalworks, and incidentally stumbled upon a reflective alloy in the course of their work, according to legend. This community of metal workers began making mirrors ever since, and the alloy has remained a secret since then. The mirrors are unique because of this alloy. Usually, mirrors are made by electroplating silver onto glass, while Aranmula Kannadi is made by polishing this alloy. These mirrors have become an integral part of the indigenous traditions of Kerala, the Aranmula Kannadi being one of the Ashtamangalyam or eight auspicious things used in the entry of a bride to a wedding. Aranmula Kannadi is only made by one family today, and was awarded the GI tag in 2005 in order to protect and preserve the uniqueness of the craft.

2. Palakaddan Matta

GI Tagged Products of Kerala - Palakaddan matta — Image Source

The famous Palakaddan matta, or Palakkad rice, in Malayalam, is famous for its rich, earthy flavour, its high nutritional content and its reddish-brown colour. It is different from regular brown rice and is widely used in the Southern states of India for traditional lunches and breakfast dishes. Palakaddan matta was granted the GI tag in 2007.

3. Alleppey Coir

GI Tagged Products of Kerala - Alleppey Coir — Image Source

Alleppey Coir products are a part of a tradition of centuries or perhaps millennia of making handcrafted products for utility. It has been a part of the traditional crafts of Alleppey for a long time, but under the British, it was industrialised, with the first Coir factory being set up in 1859. Coir products in Alleppey include doormats, fenders and mattings for a range of purposes. They are commonplace in every Kerala home. Alleppey coir products are unique because they are made by small cottage units today, with entire families being involved in the manufacturing process. They are of unparalleled quality, made to BIS(Board of Indian Standards) specifications and with unique geometrical patterns. Alleppey Coir products were granted the GI tag in 2007.

4. Malabar Pepper

Malabar pepper is pepper that is grown along the entirety of the Malabar coast now, and is known for its sweet, spicy and pungent flavour. It has been renown for its high quality and unique flavour for centuries and was sought after by European and middle eastern traders for a long time, beginning from the ancient Romans. It was given the GI tag in 2008.

5. Chendamangalam Textiles

GI Tagged Products of Kerala - Chendamangalam textiles — Image Source

The cotton textiles of the village of Chendamangalam in Ernakulam are known for their fine quality and unique, simple design. The dhoties and the set mundu of Chendamangalam are made of Muslin and are plain white with a kasavu border, a border made of very fine threads of gold or silver. The yarn is handspun and it is because of the unique, long process of preparation and pre-weaving that got the Chendamangalam sarees the GI tag.The yarn is soaked for a week and stretched out before dawn, because the temperature is said to be ideal around that time of day. Chendamangalam textiles are synonymous with Kerala, and got the GI tag in 2012.

6. Palakkad Maddalam

GI Tagged Products of Kerala - Palakkad maddalam — Image Source

The Palakkad maddalam has a history that goes about eight hundred years back in history. It is a traditional drum made in Kerala and is used in several of Kerala’s traditional performing art forms like Kathakali and Krishnattam. It is considered divine- even Shiva was said to have danced to it. The can only be made by specialised craftsmen, who have an array of skills and tools including a special traditional set of chisels and hammers. It was given the GI tag in 2008.

7. Screw Pine Crafts of Kerala

GI Tagged Products of Kerala - Screw pine crafts of Kerala — Image Source

The screw pine crafts of Kerala are said to have a history dating to the thirteenth century. The screw pine plant grows in abundance along the banks of the multiple water bodies of Kerala, and the crafts are primarily made in the Thrissur district of Kerala. The products made include wall hangings, baskets, and doormats and serve a variety of utilitarian purposes. The craft is mostly practised by women. They are unique for their material, designs and for the community of women who manufacture them. They were granted the GI tag in 2015.

Conclusion

The GI tagged products of a region represent the rich and unique cultural heritage and agricultural, cultural and handcrafting practices of a region. The GI tag products of Kerala are several and their uniqueness contributes to the state’s rich cultural heritage and vibrant economy. From its world-renowned spices to its exquisite handcrafted artefacts, Kerala offers a treasure trove of distinct products that showcase the region’s exceptional craftsmanship and natural resources. The combination of centuries-old traditional techniques and contemporary innovation has resulted in products that are both aesthetically pleasing and of exceptional quality, and have gained their due recognition with the GI tag.

Amarushataka – A Hundred Verses of Love from Ancient India

Soma Ghosh

June 12, 2023

#Didyouknow that a poet-king by name Amaru/Amaruka has composed a hundred verses on love and erotic longing, an important aspect of being human, back in the 8th century? The text has been read, appreciated. illustrated and translated by many as well. A translated text by C. R. Devdhar of 1959 says the following –

“The Amarusataka is a centum of lyrical pieces, each complete in itself, enshrining in delicate cameo like pictures, various fleeting emotions, moods and attitudes, couched in language which makes for magical beauty and charm. Often the lyrics assume a dramatic form which dynamically unfolds the working to a climax of a set of actions and circumstances evolved from one another. Thus, these pictures – ” these moment’s”- are not static, though they seem to have arrested and frozen the lover’s thoughts, moods, actions and desires into the span of just four lines”.

Let’s check out this seemingly lyrically beautiful love text which is also classified under erotic poetry of India.

What is Amarushataka?

It is a collection of hundred (shataka) beautiful love lyrics tinged with the erotic in different situations in a love equation. The situations include the joys of union, agony of separation, jealousy, anger among others. The subject relates to shringara rasa (essence of romance, passion, erotica) which further involves courtship and dalliance, heartache, estrangement, wounded pride, longing and union and the joys and sorrows connected with it between lovers. There seem to be more verses on longing and separation. This work is held in high esteem in Sanskrit literature from India which was composed in the mid-8th century. However not much is known about life of the poet Amaruka, except that he could be most probably King Amaru of Kashmir.

It has even been compared to poet and dramatist Kalidasa’s work and Bhartṛhari’s Sṛngarasataka. It has even been a benchmark to judge other poetry. The 9th century Kashmiri literary critic and philosopher, Anandavardhana (820-890 A.D) declared in his Dhvanyaloka that “a single stanza of the poet Amaru may provide the taste of love equal to what’s found in whole volumes.” which gave the work an important position in Sanskrit literature. Four different versions of the text occur in India, ranging from 96 to 115 stanzas. There is a Southern version which was edited in 1420 A.D by Vemabhupala. The work has been translated by many scholars both Indian and Western. There is a general feeling that some stanzas could be the work of different poets among some scholars, but the Indian tradition has treated Amarushataka as one poet’s work.

It is believed as per a legend; the great Hindu saint Adi Shankaracharya, during his debate with Maṇḍana Miśra, was asked questions on love by the latter’s wife, Ubhaya Bharati, which he could not answer. In order to learn the philosophy of ‘Kama’or ‘Erotic Love’, he enters the body of King Amaru after his death to learn the nuances of love and intimacy and then he can make love to the women of his harem – a different one every night for a hundred nights, and realises that each experience is different. He could answer her questions after this. He wrote it down in verses and so some people attribute the ‘shataka’ to him!

Amarushataka in paintings

Some translated verses from the text of ‘Amurashataka’ are presented here to understand the lyrical work with its nuances which has been captured in Indian painting mainly by the Malwa School in the 17th century. The folios of some illustrated texts from Malwa, dated to the mid-17th century seem to be scattered across the globe in different collections. The CSVMS Museum at Mumbai has a large collection. The translations mentioned are only representative of the situation the painting may be depicting; and not exactly what is written on the top of the paintings. Peacocks are a symbol of love or the absent beloved sometimes, it is well depicted in the paintings.

Portraits of women in architectural settings such as pavilions, terraces, gardens and courtyards were very popular in Malwa School of painting. These nayikas (heroines) do not represent a specific woman, but represent emotional states, situations and moods. They yearn to be united with their lovers, the nayakas, and this is often compared with the soul’s yearning to unite with the divine.

‘’Now I know everything.

Please go. Talking is pointless.

You don’t bear the

slightest blame,

fate has simply turned from me.

If your so abundant love

comes to this

what pain could I experience

if hateful life—

mere flicker of nature—

Departed?’’

…………………………

– a translation by by Andrew Schelling

The painting Confidante talking to heroine’s lover depicts a conflict in which the heroine is not happy with the lover’s conduct and is expressing the same through her confidante. She is sitting behind her. She is also referred to as female messenger or ‘duti’ who used to deliver messages, resolve the proverbial ‘lovers tiff’ or could even cheat on her friend!

Amarushataka-Confidante-talking-to-heroine’s-lover — Confidante talking to heroine’s lover, Malwa, circa 1650-60. Asia Society and Museum, New York. Wikimedia

The painting Wife waits for husband, shows a distraught woman waiting for her lover in the palace late into the night. He does not seem to have turned up. This illustration depicts either the agony of separation combined with the sweetness of anticipation.

‘’As far as the eye could reach, she scanned the path by which her lover was to come; but as the day declined and darkness crept apace, and the traffic on the roads ceased, her heart was filled with despair, and sadly she took but a single step homewards, and thinking, “Could he not have come this moment?” she quickly turned her neck and looked back again’’

…………………………

– a translation by C. R. Devadhar.

Amarushataka-Wife-waits-for-husband — ***Wife waits for husband,*** Malwa painting, early 17th century, Smithsonian Freer Sackler Gallery. U S A. – Image: Wikimedia

In the painting Heroine talking to her confidante the heroine is seated on a short-legged settee and is confiding to her sakhi or confidante about her lover and to which the ‘sakhi’(confidante) is expected to respond and advise. The heroine is pining for her absent lover and discusses her melancholy mood with her confidante.

‘’In playful feigned anger, hardly had I asked him to go away when the hard headed man sprang from the bed and just walked away. My shameless heart just pines for the merciless on who trampled on my love. Tell me o dear what do I do?’’

…………………………

– a translation by Harsha V. Dehejia

Amarushataka-Heroine-talking-to-her-confidante — ***Heroine talking to her confidante***, page from a Amarushataka, Malwa, circa 1670, LACMA, Los Angeles, U S A. – Image: Wikimedia

In the painting Tryst with the beloved, the lovers have met and are in happy space. It seems to be raining and they are sitting close to each other on a pavillion as it thunders outside.

‘’Swept away on the flood of the river of love’s passion, and held back by the dam in the form of the elders of the house, the lovers are unable to satisfy their desires ralthough they are in close proximity ; all the same facing each other with limbs that appear to be painted pictures, they drink the nectar ( of love ) brought to them through the lotus-stalks in the shape of their glances’’

…………………………

a translation by C. R. Devadhar.

Amarushataka-Tryst-with-the-beloved — ***Tryst with the beloved***, Malwa painting, 17th century. Minneapolis Institute of Art, Minnesota, U S A. Image – Artsmia.org

In the painting The distressed heroine, the nayaka (hero) enters the chamber of the nayika (heroine). She looks upset and her hand is rubbing her forehead in confusion. He stands before her with arms down. Two peacocks seem to be calling loudly. Like most Malwa paintings there is an ornate scrollwork at the lower end of the painting.

‘’Coming every day at the break of dawn, thou hast robbed my eyes of sleep; I feel very light in my body as thou hast helped to remove the heaviness of my drooping spirits; (listless that I am, my sense of self-respect is lost and I am made to look small.) Innocent that you are, you have done nothing improper. I have discarded the fear of death. Now go, thou art in pain. What I would do towards my cure, that with thou hear later on’’

…………………………

– a translation by C. R. Devadhar.

Amarushataka-The-distressed-heroine — The distressed heroine, Malwa painting, 17th century. From a Sotheby’s collection. Sothebys.com

In the painting Apologetic lover, the nayaka (hero) in the chamber of a nayika (heroine) is asking to be forgiven for his mistakes. She looks away angrily while holding her veil. She is trying to push him away. His hand is on her shoulder with a love-lorn look on his face. A situation depicted very well by the artist.

“Fair maiden, break your silence, I am at your feet. Your anger has never been like this’ – when he said those words he gave sideward glances, shed profuse tears, but said nothing.”

…………………………

– a translation by Harsha V. Dehejia

Amarushataka-Apologetic-lover — ***Apologetic lover***, Malwa painting,17th century. From a Sotheby’s collection.Sothebys.com

In the painting Return of the Errant Lover, the nayika has been waiting for her beloved who has come maybe come back days after the promised date. The garland in his left hand depicts love and union with one’s beloved.

“When her guilty beloved comes home the beloved skilfully uses her eyes. They are anxious when he is at a distance, perplexed when he comes near, they grow big when he speaks……………..,…her eyes have become skilled in transforming itself to her lover’s mood’’

…………………………

– a translation by Harsha V. Dehejia

Amarushataka-Return-of-the-Errant-Lover — ***Return of the Errant Lover***, Malwa, circa 1660, LACMA, Los Angeles, U S A. Image: Picryl.com

Return of the Errant Lover, Malwa, circa 1660, LACMA, Los Angeles, U S A.

Thus, we see from the above translations and the paintings that poet Amaru, has indeed understood all the nuances and situations in love in its various aspects and has truly portrayed the essence of Shringara in his beautiful work which has attracted artists and their patrons to the text to illustrate the verses.

References –

C. R. Devadhar, ed. (1959) Amarusatakam (A centum of Ancient Love Lyrics of Amaruka); a literal translation of the complete text, Poona: Motilal Banarsidass.
Andrew Schelling, tr. (2004) Erotic Love Poems from India: selections from the Amarushataka, Boston: Shambhala Publications.
Dehejia, Harsha V et.al (2017) Amarushataka: a centennial of love songs, New Delhi: D.K Printworld (Pvt) Ltd.

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