A Walk Through the Traditional Footwear of India

September 22, 2022

Footwear is an important part of any attire. Just as traditional clothing reflects the cultural connotations of a community and area, similarly, footwear too is carefully associated with heritage. India is a unique mix of different cultures and traditions that differ from state to state. And hence, traditional footwear is as much an aspect of culture as any other manifestations of history and heritage.

Today, one cannot imagine life without any sort of footwear. The practical necessity of wearing one is well understood. However, footwear and also the importance of feet have always been culturally, socially and religiously understood in the country. Touching the feet of elders or walking barefoot in places of worship or taking off footwear during special occasions, all are pointers towards the role and meaning of it all.

History of Indian footwear

It is hard to reach the exact time and point when footwear originated in India. However, some of the earliest references can be traced to the ‘padukas’ of Lord Rama. The Paduka or the ‘khatau’ was brought to Ayodhya and placed on the throne whilst Rama was in exile. Besides, many other religions also mention the paduka worn by saints and religious leaders. Another associative word, the ‘ upanah’ has also been used in ancient texts as meaning footwear. The paduka also finds mention in the historic texts of the 6th and 7th century where merchants were said to be wearing the padukas. A simple footwear, the paduka is made of wood with a single knob-like grip for the toe.

Over the years, the climate, social status, local availability etc. have led to the origin of different kinds of footwear across the country. Here is taking a look at some of these.

Juti

The juti or juttis are colorful and stylish footwear made predominantly in Punjab and Rajasthan. One of the best traditional footwear of northern India, they were worn by the Mughals and also the Rajputs. Originally, the juti was worn by the elite and the rich, however, over the years the juti became a symbol of ethnic traditional footwear for all strata of society. Made originally from leather, some of the most royal versions of the juti include zari and precious stone work. Woven with gold and silver threads, the juti was often studded with expensive jewels. Known as ‘Tilla juti’ the tilla or gold and silver wire threads were used to stitch the footwear. Today, jutis are also made in rubber with Patiala and Amritsar as centers of high trade, catering to the domestic, as well as international markets.

Also, it is a long and tedious task to create a jooti. The craftsmen include people from different communities, such as the chamars who process the hide, the rangaars who paint and color the shoe and the mochis who assemble the different parts of the juti together and stitch it all in place.

The range of artistry on the juti is wide. From motifs to floral to geometric patterns and designs, the jutis are versatile in style and craft. They can be worn for traditional occasions but today, their usage is also widely appreciated with modern wear. The different styles of juti, include the mirror work jutis, ghunghroo jutis, phulkari jutis, printed jutis and more. Known for comfort and style, this traditional footwear also has different variations.

Mojari, Khussa, Nagra

Traditional-Footwear-of-India-Mojari — Mojaris – Image Source

One of the most popular variants of the juti is the mojari or khussa. Most loved in Rajasthan, the mojari, like jutis, were worn by the kings and maharajas. Made in Jaipur, Jodhpur and also in Punjab, the mojari has no right or left distinction. Cut and then stitched together, the traditional mojaris have no heels and are worn as flats. There is also the toe curl on the edge that distinguishes this type of the mojari from other footwear. In fact, the upward curve is especially worn by men and the footwear is also known as khussa. The khussas are also cultural footwear for Pakistan. The Multani Khussas for example are quite popular too. Besides, the mojari, like the jutis, are worn by both men and women.

Traditional-Footwear-of-India-khussa — khussa – Image Source

The Nagra is another variant of the juti which is soft and rounded on the top edge. It resembles a ballerina shoe but has been inspired by the Mughal and Rajput style of footwear.

The juti and its variations today not only are sold in the domestic market but also have a wide global appeal. Some of the other varieties of the juti, include the Jalsa juti, Kasuri juti, Salem Shahi juti and more.

Kolhapuri Chappals

As the name suggests, the Kolhapuri chappals originate from the town of Kolhapur in Maharashtra. Handmade from leather, the footwear is traditionally colored using vegetable dyes. As per records, the creation of the Kolhapuri footwear began in the 13th century when King Bijjala along with Basavanna, his Prime Minister, patronized the footwear as a way to uplift the cobbler community. The Saudhager or Saudagar family and household further converted the Kolhapuri footwear into a light weight flap version that made it popular and till date remains the main essence of its design and style. Made from the thick buffalo skin the Kolhapuri footwear is one of the most durable footwear and can withstand rocky terrains.

Though the Kolhapuri chappals are simple in style, today their range and designs have increased. They come in metallic colors, decorated with stones and sequins and are adorned by both men and women with ethnic, as well as modern attires.

The Kolhapuri footwear is however, not only created in Maharashtra, but also in the state of Karnataka. It was also known with different names based on the names of the villages in which the footwear was made. Some of these are Paytaan, Kapashi, Bakkalnali, Kachkadi, Pukari and more.

Pula Chappal

The Pula chappal hails from the state of Himachal Pradesh. Made from bhang or the shale grass, this colorful footwear is ideal for the climate of the state. The grass is twisted in the form of a rope and then topped with woolen threads. Made by the mountain locals, the chappals are perfect for walking on snow. The footwear is, however, multipurpose and is also worn in temples and during religious ceremonies. Initially, the people of the state wore leather shoes, but because the state is also known as the ‘Land of Gods’, the leather was deemed inappropriate. Created mainly by the villagers of Chad, the Pula footwear is popular in other states, such as Gujarat, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh.

Pabu

The Pabu is the traditional footwear from Ladakh. Made in line with the climatic and terrain conditions of the region, this unique and distinctive looking footwear is colorful and wonderfully styled. The shoe rises on the top edge and is cozy and warm, wrapping the entire foot and extending over the ankle. The Theme Pabu is worn by the ladies of the community and is embellished and designed by colorful motifs that are created on a woolen velvety surface. The footwear is made from the wool that is hand woven from sheep or yak and then is stitched on a leather surface by the cobbler.

Khapusa

The Khapusas were boots that were worn by the locals residing in the Himalayas from the 1st century onwards. They might have originated from Iran and were considered perfect for the terrain of the region, as well as a form of protection from snakes, stones, snow etc. Today, knee length boots are a fashion and practical addition in many parts of the country and the world.

Pastoral footwear

Gujarat is home to many nomadic and pastoral communities, such as the Bharwads and Rabari. They walk for long hours over hard terrain and thus, these communities wear traditional footwear, called Rabari na lagna joda or Bharwadi Desi joda. A joda signifies a pair of footwear and it is named according to the community that wears it. The footwear is mostly made by another community called the Gohil. Layers of leather are sewn together by hand to create durable and rough pairs of footwear.

Traditional footwear in India is closely associated with the physical and cultural landscape of the region. Thankfully, most of the traditional footwear continues to hold ground in modern times. Their style, unique designs, comfort and durability make them popular not only in the domestic market but also internationally.

Greatest Sportsperson of India Who Keep Inspiring Us

Cscope Staff

September 22, 2022

Sports is a test of character. It might seem strange to some to glorify sports to a pedestal because at the end of the day it’s just a game. But, undoubtedly sports, no matter of which kind, are kind are one of the highest tests of character, grit and hard work. In competing for a medal or a trophy there is more than just a will to win. There are years of sweat, compromises and determination that culminate in not only a victory, but a lifetime of inspiration. There are many great sportspersons of India that are legends in their own fields.

These great Indian sportspersons are inspirational for more than one reason. They, of course, are luminous in their own careers, each having exemplary titles and records to their names. But their true greatness lies in their overall dedication to their game. In fact, a true sportsperson is one who has immense respect for the game and his/her team. The one thread that binds almost all great sportspersons is their humility and respect for not only their own game, but for all sports in general.

Before we get into the listing of the great sportspersons of India, a quick acknowledgement of all sporting personalities who have risen to meet various challenges and who have pushed themselves only further. They all may not have many accolades to their name but it is without doubt that a complete involvement in any sport is a sure way to help in the overall betterment of the mind, body and soul. That every sports person lifts up to become a better version of themselves when involved in a game. And thus, it is not always about a single game or tournament, but about the encompassing life change that builds a true sportsperson.

Sports in India

India as a sporting nation has had its own shares of ups and downs. With a booming population and talent pool, sports in India is unfortunately not as up to the mark as seen in other nations. This is in terms of infrastructure, marketing, remuneration etc. However, things are beginning to change for the better. Where once only cricket seemed the most popular sport and its players the only well-known sporting icons, today the scene is a bit different. A lot of the other sports are getting their due recognition albeit slowly but steadily. Though there are many factors contributing to this shift, one of the other major reasons is that the country is finding its sporting idols. Badminton or wrestling for example have come into limelight after India won medals and championships. Supremely talented sportspersons in these respective sports brought the name and fame that helped push the sport to gain popularity.

Great sportspersons of India

India is home to a number of great and legendary sports persons. With a huge population and many sports being played across the country, it is tough to list down only a few stalwart sportspersons. However, we have tried to bring across icons who have helped shape the love and understanding of the sport for generations to come. Their life story has inspired and will continue to inspire more youngsters to take sports seriously and make it a way of life. Similarly, their success stories have helped change the narrowed view of society that sports in general cannot be career or life sustaining choices.

1. Major Dhyan Chand

Greatest Sportsperson of India, Major Dhyan Chand — Image – Wikimedia

Any sportsperson list cannot be bereft of Major Dhyan Chand. Synonymous with hockey, Dhyan Chand was part of the hockey team that won the gold medal in 1928, 1932 and 1936 Olympics. He is also recognized as one of the greatest players of the game worldwide. Also known as The Magician and The Wizard, Dhyan Chand scored 570 goals across 185 matches. His birthday is celebrated as the National Sports Day, sealing the priceless contribution that his game and skill had not only in hockey, but in all sports.

2. Milkha Singh and PT USha

Greatest Sportsperson of India, Milkha Singh and PT USha — Image – Wikimedia

The nation lost The Flying Sikh recently, however his immense contribution to the sporting fraternity is immeasurable. An athlete par excellence, he continued to inspire thousands with his fitness, regime and love for sports. A field and track sprinter, he is the only Indian athlete to win Gold at the Asian and Commonwealth Games. Another sprinter who is also called the ‘queen of the Indian track and field’ is PT Usha. She won various medals at the Asian Championships and Asian Games. Today two young athletes Dutee Chand and Hamadas are making their mark and promise for a shining career ahead.

3. Vishwanathan Anand

Greatest Sportsperson of India, Vishwanathan Anand — Image – Wikimedia

The man who put India in the chess playing world has won the World Championship in Chess for 5 times. He was also the first Indian to win the World Junior Chess Championship and he also became India’s first Grandmaster. He can be single handedly credited for raising awareness and interest in chess. In fact, his sporting stature helped in the understanding of sports as an indoor or non-physical activity too.

4. Sachin Tendulkar

Greatest Sportsperson of India, Sachin Tendulkar — Image – Wikimedia

Sachin’s name is a must on this list or for that matter on any great sportsperson’s list in the world. The God of cricket is undoubtedly the finest batsman and sportsman the country has seen. From beginning his career at a tender age to blasting off practically all cricketing records, Sachin has been the icon for many youngsters who aspire to play their favorite sport. Since cricket is extremely popular Sachin’s role in shaping the dreams of millions is unquestionable. Also, his exemplary talent, calm demeanor and true sportsman spirit make him one of the greatest players of the game.

5. Mithali Raj

Greatest Sportsperson of India, Mithali Raj — Image – Wikimedia

Since we are on cricket, another cricketing talent that makes it is Mithali Raj. Though men’s cricket has had the nation in frenzy, women’s cricket never really found its footing until Mithali forced the nation to look its way. The highest run scorer and the only woman cricketer to score more than 6000 runs in international one-day cricket, Mithali has sure paved way for young girls to also take up this popular game professionally.

6. Mary Kom

Greatest Sportsperson of India, Mary Kom — Image – Pinterest

The most famous women boxer, Mary Kom has been the face of female boxing in India. Having won the World Amateur Boxing Championship six times, Mary Kom also has bagged an Olympic bronze and gold at the Asian Boxing Championship. Her story is truly inspirational because she shatters all myths of how women after marriage and kids cannot continue to pursue their sporting careers and in fact, come back winning more titles.

7. Pankaj Advani

Greatest Sportsperson of India, Pankaj Advani — Image – Wikimedia

Pankaj Advani has won 23 world championships and is a billiards and snooker wizard. He won his first title at 18 and thereafter never looked back. He is the only player in the world to have won the World Championships and Asian Championships in all the formats of snooker and billiards. Though snooker and billiards is still not as popular as other sports, Pankaj’s outstanding performances have surely brought the sport into limelight back home.

8. Leander Paes

Greatest Sportsperson of India, Leander Paes — Image – Wikimedia

Tennis has always been a popular sport but Leander Paes made it a household name in India. Though his success in singles wasn’t too great, his pairing with Mahesh Bhupathi made Indian’s proud. He has continued his glorious run in doubles and mixed doubles and won various Grand Slams throughout his career. His biggest inspiration comes from the fact that even after 40 he continues to play with youthful zeal and hasn’t retired from professional tennis yet.

9. Saina Nehwal and PV Sindhu

Greatest Sportsperson of India, Saina Nehwal and PV Sindhu — Image – Wikimedia

It’s hard to make a pick between the two. Both these talented women sports persons have been responsible for making badminton a popular sport in India. Saina has been a World no. 1 and thus the only woman player from India after Prakash Padukone to reach this position. She has also won a bronze at the Olympics. PV Sindhu on the other hand, is the first Badminton World Champion from India and the only Indian female to win a silver at the Olympics. Though the likes of Prakash Padukone and Pullela Gopichand had formed the foundational building, it was these two female players who brought huge fame to the sport.

10. Deepa Malik

Greatest Sportsperson of India, Deepa Malik — Image – Wikimedia

Deepa Malik is a well-known name in the Paralympic Games. She has mastered both shot up and javelin winning medals in both. She is also an active participant in adventure sports. She has till date won 23 international and 58 national medals. Her story is inspiring at many levels. She has proved that even with disability the love and passion for sports cannot fade.

There are many other great sportspersons in India including Baichung Bhutia, Sunil Chhetri, Sania Mirza, Kapil Dev, Abhinav Bindra, the Phogat sisters, Dipika Pallikal and many more. And of course, there is a long list when it comes to those who have played for the Indian cricket team over the years.

However, all of these sportspeople are great because they stand out as role models for the younger generation. They made the nation proud with their foray and also helped pave the way for many more to follow their path.

Best Sleepwears for Women in their 30s

Cscope Staff

September 22, 2022

The key to good physical, mental and emotional health is a good night’s sleep, especially today, when we all are leading hectic, stressful lives. But how do you achieve a satisfying sleep? Well, the easiest answer is wearing comfortable sleepwear.

Whenever you’re out shopping, buying yourself a comfortable night dress for women won’t hurt. These days nightwear is more than just a comfortable piece of clothing to wear at night. Night dress for women these days come in a variety of prints, patterns, designs and colours, which means buying just one pair isn’t enough. From the striped set which gives you the boss vibes to the cute one with scalloped hem to the raunchy feather number, nightwear for women are available in plenty.

If you are looking forward to bringing an edge to your night style, let’s check out the amazing types of night dress for women that you can shop.

Short pyjama set:

When the temperature starts rising, you need to limit the number of clothes on your back. For a good night’s sleep during the summers, you can don a short pyjama set featuring a collared shirt and matching shorts. You can either stick to a cotton nightwear set, which is best, since your skin can breathe, there are also satin ones which you can opt for, if you want to experiment with your style.

Long pyjama set:

If you want to cover all parts of your body, a long pyjama set is an ideal choice. A collared shirt with full sleeves and a matching pyjama will not only feel comfortable but is also an ideal wear to opt for if you wish to step out for a nice walk after dinner.

T-shirt and shorts set:

If Netflix and Chill is your vibe every night, you will feel comfortable in T-shirts and shorts, the ultimate night dress for women. You can either wear a coordinated set, which can be purchased in the same colour or you can experiment with different prints and designs.

Silk gown:

If you are thinking of ways to turn up the heat in the bedroom, simply slip into a silk gown and we bet your partner won’t be able to get his hands off you. The way your body will feel against the silk is something that we can’t describe because it’s something that you need to feel.

A jumpsuit:

Best-Sleepwears-for-Women-in-their-30s-jumpsuit — Image – Zivame

Do you envy how undisturbed and unbothered a baby is when they sleep? Well, you too can sleep like a baby, literally! All you need to do is snuggle up in a cotton jumpsuit or even a fleece jumpsuit when the temperature dips and enjoy a cosy good night’s sleep.

Babydolls:

The instant way to get the zing back in your marriage is slipping into a sexy babydoll night dress for women. You can experiment with many raunchy looks such as opting for a feathered number or a solid silk one to turn up the heat in your bedroom.

Sleepwear is crucial for a good night’s sleep which is why you need to get your hands on the best one or maybe one of every kind if you’re feeling experimental with your style.

Immigration Consultants in Mumbai, Genuine or Not?

Cscope Staff

September 21, 2022

Immigration is complicated and needs to be handled seriously because your future may be at risk. Relocating will cost you money, time, and effort, whatever your motivation. Nobody wants to become a victim of fraud. Your dreams might become a reality with its assistance. For a better future and standard of living, people from Mumbai move to nations like Canada, Australia, the UK, and the USA.

To meet the demands of a considerable number of immigrants, immigration consultants in Mumbai are growing daily. With their genuine and skilled assistance, the consultancies provide valuable services that help people realize their aspirations of immigrating and make it a reality with their specialized knowledge, accreditations, and formal links to embassies.

Are all Immigration Consultants in Mumbai genuine?

You must be aware of the market scams and pick an honest, trustworthy business. Fraudulent businesses are growing more sophisticated in their strategies and use deception to persuade victims into giving them large sums of money. It has been harder to distinguish between a genuine, trustworthy consultancy and just ripping off helpless clients. Not all businesses are reliable and qualified to assist customers in moving through licensed, recognized, and registered platforms.

If you intend to hunt for legitimate immigration consultants in Mumbai, India, that firm must provide the following services. Before making any decisions, remember to read the company profile.

Verify the company profile

It would help if you researched the business and its employees. Check the legitimacy of the services advertised on their website. A trustworthy business has a solid workforce and offices and works collaboratively to provide beneficial services. You can gain insight and determine how to open a company regarding its personnel and services by visiting its website. Check to see if the people listed at the provided phone numbers are real or if they were just offered carelessly. From this, you may learn a lot about the business and its reputation in immigration services.

Be familiar with Accreditation.

Setting up a website and an office is not enough for immigration consultants to operate independently. They must possess some standard license and Accreditation for genuine services. If you’re looking for Canada, find out if the business is registered with the ICCRC. Your immigration advisor must hold a current MARA certification to work in Australia. Ask and enquire, and don’t be afraid to verify the validity of their certificates because an honest business won’t be reluctant to show you their accreditations. You can also do that by inputting the firm name and registered number on the ICCRC and MARA’s official websites.

Real Office Locations

Physical locations are another indicator of a consultancy’s authenticity. Investigate and find the location of their offices. Ask all the required inquiries when you visit before thinking about seeing the specialists there. You can sense someone’s dependability by spending time in their physical office. Because fraudsters sometimes operate without official offices and won’t take the chance of being discovered.

Customer Services

A trustworthy business has a strong team that includes customers, employees, specialists, and facilitators. Considerably observe the client services that the consultancy offers. This demonstrates how much they value their customers’ questions and problems. The immigration procedure is laborious and, on occasion, nerve-wracking. Most trustworthy businesses employ counselors and customer service agents to inform clients of the process through calls, texts, and emails. If they have shady contact numbers and email patterns, it’s already a red flag!

Pay using the Proper Means

Paying in cash or private chats without a record is not recommended. Always get a receipt so you can prove what you paid for. If you do this, you will have a history and evidence in the event of any unfortunate incident. Keep track of each transaction that is made.

Claims that seem too good to be true

Don’t fall for offers and claims that seem too good to be true. Realistic advice will come from a genuine consultant. It will always be honest with you and never tell you anything untrue. The false ones will exaggerate their claims to discuss fast routes and incorrect paths. Don’t be afraid, and only choose simple and lawful migration patterns.

Take Away!

These few suggestions can assist you in putting your time and effort where they will be most beneficial and fruitful. Therefore, DM Consultants India is happy to be recognized as one of the best immigration consultants if you’re looking for immigration services. They have the assistance of an expert staff of immigration specialists. They wish to give their clients the chance to fulfill their aspirations of settling in countries like Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the UK, and the USA.

Ikigai – Discovering Your Reason for Being

Eesani Dey

September 17, 2022

Having a purpose in life is one of the essential factors that drive our life. A goal helps structure our life and move along a specific path we select for ourselves. In today’s dynamic lifestyle, finding a particular purpose can be a very challenging concept. Selecting a specific purpose that will define our life seems like a tough choice to make. There are so many things to do and so many choices to choose from in our multitasking lifestyle. Pointing to one specific factor that drives us to move forward is an intimidating action that many cannot take. Here comes the concept of Ikigai to help us discover the reason for our being.

Ikigai is a term that is in a lot of use in recent times. But what does Ikigai mean? Where does the word come from? How can the concept of Ikigai help us better shape our lives? The answers to these questions can help you better understand the concept of Ikigai and consequently help discover your reason for being.

What is Ikigai?

Ikigai is a Japanese concept and term. It is an ancient philosophy that has become a way of lifestyle for the Japanese and now in the West also.

Etymology and meaning

Ikigai is a combination of two Japanese words. ‘Iki’ means life, and ‘gai’ means to value or worth. The pronunciation of the term is ‘ee-key-guy.’ It means realising the value or purpose of our life that helps us get out of bed every morning.

Origin of Ikigai

Akihiro Hasegawa, a clinical psychologist and associate professor at Toyo Eiwa University, had co-authored a research paper on Ikigai in 2001. It has since then become a part of the everyday Japanese language.

The origin of the word dates back to the Heian period, 794-1185. Etymologically, ‘gai’ comes from another Japanese word, ‘kai’, which means shell. ‘Kai’, or shells, were precious, and from hereon, it was derived as a word that stands for ‘value in living.’ Further, the concept of Ikigai is more in alignment with seikatsu. Hasegawa’s research discovers the understanding that people in Japan favour small joys. For them, everyday happiness, small pleasures lead to a more fulfilling life.

Studies also show that Ikigai as a proven concept originates from the island of Okinawa in Japan. The longevity of the inhabitants of this island is above the national average. The people of Okinawa have found their Ikigai. Having a purposeful, happy life has increased their life span for the better.

Elements of Ikigai

Realising anything in life requires a lot of questioning and answering with the self. This particular Japanese concept needs a lot of deep understanding of ourselves. Ikigai deals with an in-depth awareness of your passions. Ikigai is unlike the power that helps us earn our livelihood. It is more about the psychological and spiritual well-being of the self, the force that keeps our soul thriving.

To understand Ikigai, there are four fundamental questions that aids in discovering the reasons for our being. The four questions are-

What do you love? (Passion)
What does the world need? (Mission)
What are you good at? (Vocation)
What can you get paid for? (Profession)

Having a healthy, successful, and happy life is all about balance. The above four questions help us find some form of balance, a framework that structures our life. Making a list and answering these questions can serve the purpose of finding the centre of our happiness.

Another way of realising your purpose can be stopping yourself in the middle of your work and asking, ‘Why are you doing this?’ Narrowing down our reasons for any particular work can help us realise our happiness.

Importance and popularity of Ikigai

Ikigai is rising in popularity because people can relate more to its importance. Not just the elderly but the youth are also incorporating the concept of it.

Following are some of the importance of finding yours-

Having a balanced lifestyle.
Improvement in both physical and mental health.
The improved success rate in various endeavours of life.
Having an optimistic approach to life.
A good reasoning ability.
Potential to distinguish between what one needs and what one wants in life. This is a crucial realisation. Having the ability to differentiate between ‘need’ and ‘want’ can lessen unwanted cribbing and suffering in life.
It is empathy for others.

There is much importance of Ikigai. Everyone has one of their own. But empathy is one of the most crucial realisations of Ikigai. Realising the purpose behind your actions can help you acknowledge that others too have their goal for their actions. This leads to a healthy community. One does not need to understand the other person’s Ikigai. Only acknowledging the other person’s Ikigai is enough for empathy.

It has become a vogue, especially in western culture. Its rising popularity in the West is more in alignment with people selecting their right career. The westerners’ orientation is focused on having an established career. Their pivot on career has made them wholeheartedly adopt the philosophy of Ikigai to better establish themselves. This understanding of Ikigai, to some extent, delineates from the original concept of its philosophy. But many psychologists and researchers have condemned that Ikigai inevitably is the reason for one’s life that helps one perform better, increase their potential for success, and find meaning in life.

Practicing and finding your Ikigai

The four elements are the founding pillars of teaching the philosophy of Ikigai. Indulging in the habit of renewing, reviewing, and reorganising the answers to the questions can become your surviving guidelines.

The motivation to wake up every morning can change according to situations in life. First, it is essential to understand that just like life keeps changing its course, our Ikigai can also vary accordingly. The passion for developing our talents, increasing our productivity, desire to assist others, and making our living are basic human instincts. Sometimes the motivation behind these instincts may not always be at par with having a good life. That is why it is essential always to analyse ourselves to understand our needs better and wants.

Ikigai is similar to the French term ‘raison d’etre’, meaning ‘reason for being’. It is, therefore, a holistic approach towards leading a content life. Realising our purpose to wake up every morning, the driving force that shapes our successful life, is the need of the hour. Ever since the pandemic, the restricted life has become too monotonous for people to find any kind of optimism. We must find our Ikigai to maintain a semblance and rediscover our reason for being.

Folk Dance Drama Gambhira Festival

Aparna Bhattacharya

September 16, 2022

There’s maybe no better method to investigate the huge art scene of India than through its folk song and dance. Each state and region offers a one of a kind impression and taste into its lifestyle, ceremonies and customs. What’s more, the more you explore the more you understand that in spite of the fact that they all recount a similar story, what’s really otherworldly is the manner by which diverse despite everything they are from each other.

Indian folk and tribal dances are basic dances and are performed to express delight and joy among themselves. Folk and innate dances are performed for each conceivable event, to praise the landing of seasons, birth, a wedding and celebrations. The dances are simple with least of steps or movement. The moves burst with verve and imperativeness. Men and women play out a few moves only, while in a few exhibitions men and women dance together. On most events, the artists sing themselves, while being joined by specialists on the instruments.

In antiquated Bengal, dance was well-known stimulation. Mistresses and sanctuary young ladies were required to be capable in the speciality of dance endorsed by Bharata in his ‘Natya Sastra’. Prevalent types of dancing were rendered at everyday festivals and on different events by low-standing clans Nat’s and Dominis (ladies of the Dom rank) who working on moving and singing as inherited callings. In the medieval times, most likely the organization of sanctuary young ladies wind up noticeably obsolete and class dancing was constrained to mistresses. Subsequently, dancing came to be looked down upon in respectable society.

Gambhira Dance Drama: Gambhira is a type of rhythmic song, dance and drama originating in Chapai Nawabganj, in the Northern Region of Bangladesh. It is performed with an especially unmistakable mood and dance with two entertainers, continually exemplifying a man and his maternal grandfather, talking about a point to raise social realization. Later on this kind of Song and dance became quite popular in Malda of West Bengal India. This ethnic dance of West Bengal holds an extraordinary place in Bengali culture. This mesmerising folk dance supplement the lovely culture of West Bengal, by it,’s brightness and merriment.

Gambhira Dance is likewise performed in two-part harmony or in-gathering, contingent on the quantity of members. The characters of the move speak to{ Puranic} ancient gods like Shiva, Parvati, Kali, and so forth. The enormous drum Dhak is basically utilized as the chief going with the instrument and the melody, sung in commendation of Lord Shiva and the tunes are uproarious and coarse, giving an additional
Author:

grandness to its frame. Gambhira tunes are accepted to have begun from the love of the god Shiva since he is otherwise called ‘Gambhir’. In old circumstances, Gambhira used to be praised as Puja, but in the medieval period, the most Hindu people group began commending the Puja of ‘Dharma Thakur’ (a well known divine force of the Hindus) on the most recent three days of the Bengali year. This, later on, was known as the “gajan” of Shiva’. Before, Shiva was envisioned to be available at the season of real execution.

Loko Utsav: “Gambhira” is an exceptionally celebrated “Loko Utsav” in Malda and this Utsav stayed inside Malda.”Loko Utsav” (Local Festival) turn into the heart beat among the general population of the country side.

Lay out of a Gambhira Program: The beginning of the month Chaitra which is called Chaitra Sankranti, Gambhira begins. Despite the fact that Chaitra Sankranti is on 30th Gambhira begins four days before Chaitra Sankranti and proceeds to the finish of Chaitra.

1st day 26th chaitra- pouring of pitcher{ghat vara}
At the starting of the Gambhira Utsav there is a ritual called-“Pouring of pitcher” (Ghat vara). But this ritual differs in other regions of Bengal. Every thing is done according to the shastra. First day ends with rituals.

2nd day 27th chaitra- Gambhira starts with small show. The show begins with by worshiping of Shiva or Hara-Gouri.
The junior followers act as Sannyasi. This sannyasi are called “BalaVakta”
. That day and following day all the Bala Vaktas remain before Lord Shiva and chant the Shiva-Vandana. After the recitation of Shiv-Vandana, all the Bala-Vaktas remain by one leg and take the name of Shiva as the main priority. Different sort of dances like solo dance, assemble dance and facial act (Mukha Nritya) happens that night.

3rd day 28th chaitra- Big Show bangs at the 3rd day of the Gambhira festival. At afternoon all the disciples move for Jatra called “Shova-jatra” in that shova-jatra all the disciples of different age group take part and they move from one mandap to another mandap by disguising them as ghosts, witches, fireman, snake-man etc. and they loudly beat Dhak. After finishing the shova- jatra, the Act “Lanka Dahan” happens that evening.

4 th day – 29th chaitra – Ahara/Bolai/Bolbai- Gambhira celebration closes on the fourth day with “Bolbai Songs”. Bolbai melodies are Gambhira songs. Every melody depends on the contemporary event. The fundamental reason for existing of this festival is to introduce the situation of regular man because of high-value rise, defilement, abuse of political power under the affection of communicating them to master Shiva. Therefore it has appeared as the folk dance drama.

Image Source – http://www.irfwp.org

The Perks of Being an Arts student

Priyanka Rudrappa

September 16, 2022

“Arts? But why Arts?”

“You seem like a bright student. Why do you want to take up arts and spoil your future beta?”

“Arts? Oh! I guess engineering or medicine is not your cup of tea.”

Only a person studying arts is used to such comments made at them very often. After all, for a huge part of the society, arts students are senseless. To all those people always trying to belittle us, judge that studying arts is lame and is for the losers who fail to get into medicine, engineering or any mainstream field; this article is for you.

1. Being an arts student itself is an art.

Everything you do is not about some theory already found and can’t be questioned, but something new that is going to be appreciated. You don’t need to mug up already established theorems and formulae. There are perspectives in arts and everybody gets to have a say.

2. Freedom to be highly opinionated and NOT be judged.

There is no one to tell, “Oh wait, you’re wrong!” Most of the topics we study are debatable and subjective views are allowed. This encourages us to think and have our own opinions and also express them. You can talk about any topic, be it extremely shocking, disturbing or just silly but still nothing is judged.

Arts allow us to see things differently.

One of its lessons is tolerance. Also, arts students learn to appreciate beauty in things and abstract forms that even transcends the logic of rational thinking and reasoning. Art is anything. Draw a line, that’s art. Making love is art. EVERYTHING means something for an arts student.

3. The openness with which we discuss otherwise contentious topics are very liberating.

One of the best things about being an arts student is that you can talk about sex and sexuality without being shy because it is a huge part of being human, hence the “humanities”. For example, commerce students laugh or giggle at the very idea of a vagina, however an arts student wonders about how the vagina stands for female power. Similarly, orgasm is just climax (or as a matter of fact, just a fantasy) for a science geek, but for a literature student, orgasm is an imagery often used by some of the greatest poets.

4. Arts allow you to study your hobby!

What more could anyone want? You love writing? Great you can study it. You love dancing? You can study that too! Arts is liberating, mentally and physically.

5. Arts is relatable

Who would want to study something which has no immediate impact on one’s life? I wouldn’t. Arts is about everything, your life and my life. It’s about talking with a loved one, eating something nice, relationships, career, health, society and almost everything! It’s about science too.

6. Arts can be a promising career as well

Studying arts isn’t a catastrophe like everyone says. Yes, it’s not a cakewalk but it isn’t impossible either. Acting, dancing, photography, journalism, psychology, etc. are also lucrative these days. Which profession isn’t without a little risk here and there? This is what makes life worthwhile, isn’t it?

7. Most importantly, you grow a lot as a person

What’s life if you have all the riches in the world without being a good person? Arts broadens our perspectives, induces character, compassion, confidence, liberal thinking and equips us with all the virtues to face our life ahead strongly and grow as a person.

In short, “Earth without art is just ET.” All those people studying arts out there keep your heads held high and shout out, “three cheers for arts!”

Top Instagrammable places in Philly

Cscope Staff

September 16, 2022

Philadelphia is probably one of the most underrated places for excursions. This small city in Pennsylvania has a lot to offer, especially if you want something that satiates the need for the gram. Today we are going to list a couple of really beautiful Instagrammable places in Pennsylvania that can help you get a ton of attention on the platform. If that is what you’re on the lookout for, then this list is just for you. So stick around till the end to find something that is bliss to your eyes, and also to the eyes of your followers. So without further ado, let’s jump right into it.

Rocky steps and the rocky statue

If you are one of the greatest fans of rocky balboa then, this photo opportunity isn’t the one to let slide. Rocky steps and the rocky statue are situated in the museum of Philly and alleviate their ambiance with their mighty presence. This is one of the most common tourist places in Philly but is good as well. It is not one of those overrated tourist locations that are just made to turn in revenue. Instead, if you are a Rocky fan, then you will rejoice in recreating the legendary scene from the movie, with a thousand other people there. The photo opportunities are crazy here. If you want to show your 50 followers how big of a rocky fan you are, then this is the perfect opportunity. Also, if you’re looking to increase the number of followers you have on the gram, without much effort, then this might be the perfect opportunity for that as well. The most simple solution to the above problem is to buy Instagram followers. Not only does this increase your credibility on the platform, but it also increases the number of people who get to see your updates and align with your ideas.

Love sculpture and Amore sculpture

If there is something that needs the attention of your followers on the gram, it is the love sculpture in Philly. It is one of the best creations around the city with a message. Since love sculptures have become a thing in a lot of places around the country, this particular love sculpture is also cherished. You can click some nice pictures in the love park and also with the sculpture itself. If you’re someone who is trying to promote positivity on your profile, then this is the palace that you must visit. After all, a nice sunset and a picnic in the love park are all you need to rejuvenate for the day.

The liberty bill

If anything, Philadelphia is one of the most culturally rich places because of its varied history of the place. One of the most important things in the history of the United States is the declaration of independence, which was signed right here in Philly. To cherish that history and remember it for years to come, the government has created the national independence historical park, which houses the declaration of independence inside it. Inside the estate, there is also the popular liberty bell, which also has its fair share of contributions to the history of the nation. If this does not qualify as cool on Instagram, then we dont know what will. After the series of movies named the national treasure, it has become even more popular as people still think that there is a freemason treasure, waiting to be discovered. However, the entire place is a great location to click pictures, learn and observe. Overall, if you’re looking to appear articulate on your profile, then this is the perfect place for you.

Race street pier and cherry street pier

If you are waiting for incredible views and enjoy sunsets, then these two spots are going to be your favorite two spots in the city. Both of these piers have been created under the shadow of the Benjamin bridge, which is what adds more to the richness of this place. With incredible sunsets to offer, as well as a ton of photo opportunities, these two places must be on your list if you like to Instagram about the places you visit. Apart from being really photo friendly and aesthetic, these two spots also offer the right ambiance for a perfect summer evening and hence are one of the most visited places in the city. Imagine being with the people you love after sundown, and the cold sea breeze hitting your face. That is exactly the kind of vibe this place carries and we’re sure it will pass with flying colors as one of the coolest places in Philly.

Benjamin franklin bridge

After being satiated by the views that the under-bridge has to offer, we highly recommend you to take a look at what’s above. The Benjamin Franklin bridge offers a panoramic view of the entire city and also offers more than one and a half miles of footpath for avid runners. On Sunday mornings this is one of the most crowded places in the city because people who want an active escapade from the mundane often come here to ruminate and decompress. Benjamin Franklin bridge will take your breath away if you’re not careful or if you’re a runner. In both cases, you will be able to grasp one of the most beautiful sights the city has to offer. So don’t miss out on the photo opportunities.

Conclusion

The above-mentioned 5 spots around the city are well known for their aesthetic beauty. However, if you’re catering to an older crowd on the platform, then we recommend visiting the independence hall for sure. If you’re on the lookout to increase your followers on the gram we highly recommend buying Instagram followers, from websites like getting viral and social viral. There is no need to worry as these websites offer the right quality and organic followership on your profile. We’re sure the list was of great use to you. Till then, keep scrolling and spread the word!

Revisiting Cheriyal Painting – A vibrant world of colour

Soma Ghosh

September 7, 2022

#Didyouknow that around 100 kilometres from Hyderabad in Warangal district of Telangana State in India is a village called Cherial with an amazing art form which is 400 years old? Why is it special? Let us find out. The folk art form of Telangana has scroll paintings, masks and even toys which are well known and well liked. It is an art which is still alive and available to us through efforts by artists who are painting and also by holding workshops and exhibitions by these practitioners. The art and its related items are sold online and at emporia as well.

A Peep into the History of Cheriyal Painting

The art we are discussing started 400 years ago. A scroll from circa 1625 is in the collection of a museum at Hyderabad, Jagdish Mittal and Kamal Mittal Museum of Indian Art. It depicts the legend of Markandeya and Bhavana Rishi.

Cherial village, Telangana — Cherial village, Warangal, Telangana

The scroll format depicts heroes and their exploits, of a particular community or Hindu mythological stories. A stylised version of Nakashi art, it was given this term when Telangana was under the Golconda sultans. However, the art resembles Nayaka art from Vijayanagara with strong local Telangana motifs. This art was popular in Andhra and Telangana regions though it is now centred at Cherial. Historically speaking, in India we have the Phad scroll painting of Rajasthan, Paithan/Pinguli paintings of Maharashtra, Prasastipatra of Gujarat, Odisha and Bengal have the pattachitra. Though the rulers of the area were Muslim, Hindus were a big part of the population and merchants, landlords and the local temples followed their own culture and patronised the art form.

Cheriyal-Scroll-Painting — Scroll depicting Goddess with snake-hood, mythological tale, Telangana – Wikimedia

The scroll paintings were used by balladeers called patamavaru, who performed at villages with a group and narrated the story depicted in oanels to educate the people, depicted along with accompanying musical instruments. Each panel of the scroll would depict an episode. The Bhagavata purana, Krishna leela, Mahabharata, Ramayana, Shiva purana, Marandeya purana have been popular themes of the scrolls. Also, local puranas like Daksha Yagya and Madel purana made for the ‘dhobi’ caste, Jambavanta purana for the ‘madiga’ caste and Goud purana for the ‘goud’ caste of Telangana.

While narration, other than the scroll, props like masks, dolls, leather and wooden puppets, were also used. The scrolls were large, 30 to 45 feet in length and 30 to 45 inches in width.

The painting was made on khadi cotton treated with a mixture of starch from rice and a variety of white mud, tamarind paste made from boiled seeds and gum water. This process was followed up to 1850. On this surface the artist made the sketch with a brush or pen made of squirrel hair.

Cheriyal-Painting-Sketching — Artist making the sketch of the painting, Wikimedia

The colours were derived from natural sources. After 1850 mill made cloth started being used and colours were imported from Europe was used. The masks are made from wood, sawdust and tamarind paste. The background is dominated by red and the painting is made using lively colouring. The scrolls used to be consecrated as well, with a sacred ceremony. The balladeer would pay the artist and the scroll would be kept in a temple for 3 nights and then a feast would follow with the sacrifice of a goat. When a scroll got old, the artist would repaint it or it would be fed to the water with a ceremony.

The Cheriyal artists and their art

The format of a scroll was vertical with 20 to 30 panels; the legend starting at the top. Sri Jagdish Mittal, art historian opines that from the 17th to the 19th century, there were eight to ten families of artists from Telangana. About 70 years ago there were few remaining artists who lived around temples of the region. Since 1942 only one family of the descendants of Nakashi Dhanalakota Venkatramaiah has been living in Cherial in the district of Warangal. This is how the name ‘Cherial painting’ came about. He was a great painter of the 20th century. Artists from Karimnagar, Daklu and Appaiah from Hanamakonda were also experts in the field.

Cheriyal-Painting-Artist — Artist D. Nageshwar at work filling colours, 21st century. Wikimedia

The legends were meant for performance before people of a given caste and they were traditionally fixed to be shown by balladeers who belonged to a given caste who were entitled to perform before people of the patron caste. The balladeers were Shaivites and were from Adilabad, Nizamabad, Karimnagar, Warangal, Nalgonda, Medak, Khammam and Mahboobnagar.

There are very few extant examples from the 16th to 19th centuries. The art however continues to this day in different forms. Given that the style of painting shows Nayaka dynasty art’s influence. It can be inferred that the artists may have migrated from Vijayanagara to the prinicipalities of Gadwal and Wanaparthy, spread to North Deccan and also the court of the Qutub Shahis. After 1775, the influence of their patrons from the North Deccan took place, also the scrolls became larger. Further changes happened in style from the 1840s.

Over the last 80 years the balladeers and performers got eliminated and the art got side-lined due to the advent of cinema and television.

Cheriyal Painting in Present Scenario

Cheriyal-Painting-Artist-D.-Saikiran-Varma-at-work — **Left**: Artist D. Saikiran Varma at work. **Right**: Artist D. Saikiran Varma’s studio.

Where is the art today? As mentioned, artist D. Venkatramaiah’s descendants live in Cherial, his son late D. Chandraiah, his son D. Nageshswar, and younger brother of D. Chandraiah, D. Vaikuntam have kept the art alive. Son of D. Nageshwar, D. Saikiran Varma works from Hyderabad. His mother Smt. Padma and brother Sravan Kumar are also artists. They are painting vivid artworks to suit both home and office environs, making masks, dolls and innovating to incorporate the art to make keychains, painting on apparel, painting on mobile covers, decorative plaques, and other everyday objects. They hold exhibitions and workshops of the art form regularly (including online classes) to teach art enthusiasts who wish to learn this style of painting. The Secunderabad railway station in Telangana, displays Cherial scrolls of local traditions such as marriage ceremonies and pottery making.

Another artist late Merugoju Chandraiah learnt the art from D. Vaikuntam. His brother Merugolu Madhu works from Lalapet, Secunderabad and has a YouTube video on the painting form, for the interested person. He conducts workshops as well.

Showcased here are few artworks from the studio of artist D. Saikiran Varma which depict scenes from rural life in Telangana, masks, dolls, decorative and utility items as well. The paintings and masks can liven the décor of any home with its sheer colourful energy!

Here are Some Great Cheriyal Painting Examples

Cherial-decorative-items — Cherial decorative items

Cheriyal-Painting-Examples-01 — Lord Vishnu with attendants, small masks of Dasavatara surround the main painting.

Cheriyal-Painting-Examples-02 — Cherial masks of Shaivite man and woman.

Cheriyal-Painting-Examples-03 — **Left**: Cherial painting in a home setting. **Right**: Cherial painting on apparel

Cheriyal-Painting-Examples-04 — Lord Krishna, Radha and ‘gopis’.

Cheriyal-Painting-Examples-05 — **Left**: Yakshagana mask. **Right**: Cherial painting on a mobile cover

Cheriyal-Painting-in-present-day — King and queen in a forest setting.

Cheriyal painting has evolved with the times. Initially it focused more on telling a mythological story through a large colourful scroll with the panels depicting episodes but today the art focuses more on village scenes and general themes of life. Also, the deities like Krishna and Ganesha are not forgotten and are painted in the Cherial style. More power to this wonderful art form!

References:

Mittal, Jagdish (2014) Deccani scroll paintings in the Jagdish and Kamal Mittal Museum of Indian Art, Hyderabad: Jagdish and Kamal Mittal Museum of Indian Art.
Pavani, N and Ratna Kumari, D (2019) – – History of Telangana Cherial painting, International Journal of Home Science Vol 5 (2).

7 Types of Earrings to Invest This Festive Season

Cscope Staff

September 6, 2022

Earrings, the moment we spell out the word, women go absolutely crazy about it. Every woman has enough earrings to resell and get more than the number that she actually has. All the ear piercings seem less when one has so many earrings. Earrings are the most important jewellery for a woman and hence, investing in earrings is not something women do thoughtfully. But, honestly, there are times when we don’t even realize that we’re just wasting money over unwanted earrings. We love the pair of earrings momentarily but later on, regret buying those. Happens a lot!

But, may what comes, have a good earrings collection is must. And now that the second half of 2022 has begun and the entire festival list will be in action, possessing the best pair of earrings will be a must and hence, we have here for you a list of earrings you must invest in.

1. Kundan Earrings

A pair of Kundan earrings is an encapsulation of wonderful craftsmanship and custom. We realize you can hardly hold on to move to the tunes of Garba this Navratri. However, why not additionally seem to be Deepika? Drawing out the entirety of your strips in a single day, a restrictive piece of studs in Kundan is all you want to get your extra game right on track.

2. Chandbalis

Ye teri Chandbaliya… Just like the song is a piece of art, so are the pair of Chandbalis. A piece of workmanship changed over completely to a stud is a chandbali. This has been around for quite a while, truth be told since the hour of lords and presently exceptionally impressive in the design scene. Match this with a lehenga or an Anarkali to procure praises!!!

3. American Diamond

Could it be said that you are prepared to display a little shimmer this merry season? Since the frill pattern this year stuns and shimmers in endless states of American Diamonds. These studs observe luxury and flashiness, guaranteeing to give you the genuine article from day-to-night. Without the slightest hesitation, style yourself in moving American Diamond earrings.

4. Basic Hoops

Hoop studs are a style enduring; no gems assortment is finished without something like one set. For such a basic plan, they’re strikingly flexible: curiously large gold circles are a late spring fundamental.

5. Jhumkas

The unquestionable requirement, the “go to” sets of hoops for all customary wear Jhumkas come in all shapes and sizes-gold, umbrella, stone studded, multi-step and considerably more. This is a sure thing for sarees particularly the silk ones.

6. Oxidized

Really rural, and obviously every VIP’s best jewellery choice nowadays, oxidized hoops are a champ when matched properly. Light or splendid, day or night, the magnificence of these studs lies in the way that they work out positively for pretty much any outfit. These moving oxidized studs uncover present day craftsmanship and assist you with saying something.

Lastly,

7. Chandelier / Drop Earrings

One more expert creating these Chandelier hoops have been around for quite a while and look shocking with both Indian and western outfits. You could attempt the gold, oxidized and furthermore the jewel ones to match your dress. It is a complete unquestionable necessity!

I’m sure your hands might have already turned to an online website to buy all these pairs! That’s the correct way, buy them now!

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History of Indian footwear

Juti

Mojari, Khussa, Nagra

Kolhapuri Chappals

Pula Chappal

Pabu

Khapusa

Pastoral footwear

Sports in India

Great sportspersons of India

1. Major Dhyan Chand

2. Milkha Singh and PT USha

3. Vishwanathan Anand

4. Sachin Tendulkar

5. Mithali Raj

6. Mary Kom

7. Pankaj Advani

8. Leander Paes

9. Saina Nehwal and PV Sindhu

10. Deepa Malik

Short pyjama set:

Long pyjama set:

T-shirt and shorts set:

Silk gown:

A jumpsuit:

Babydolls:

Are all Immigration Consultants in Mumbai genuine?

Verify the company profile

Be familiar with Accreditation.

Real Office Locations

Customer Services

Pay using the Proper Means

Claims that seem too good to be true

Take Away!

What is Ikigai?

Etymology and meaning

Origin of Ikigai

Elements of Ikigai

Importance and popularity of Ikigai

Practicing and finding your Ikigai

1. Being an arts student itself is an art.

2. Freedom to be highly opinionated and NOT be judged.

Arts allow us to see things differently.

3. The openness with which we discuss otherwise contentious topics are very liberating.

4. Arts allow you to study your hobby!

5. Arts is relatable

6. Arts can be a promising career as well

7. Most importantly, you grow a lot as a person

Rocky steps and the rocky statue

Love sculpture and Amore sculpture

The liberty bill

Race street pier and cherry street pier

Benjamin franklin bridge

Conclusion

A Peep into the History of Cheriyal Painting

The Cheriyal artists and their art

Cheriyal Painting in Present Scenario

Here are Some Great Cheriyal Painting Examples

1. Kundan Earrings

2. Chandbalis

3. American Diamond

4. Basic Hoops

5. Jhumkas

6. Oxidized

7. Chandelier / Drop Earrings

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