Coral warriors is a non-profit organization founded by Vidhi Bubna in 2021, a rescue diver, with the belief that scuba diving can create much needed perspective shifts for the youth. Her aim is to create more opportunities for people especially for Indian youth and help them to gain access to diving. Other countries already have running grants for diving and underwater exploration, but this is the first ever grant in India dedicated to diving. After completing the training and required certification, the founder came to know that people in India rarely have access to the underwater world of coral reefs. Vidhi noticed that this was because of the lack of funding to facilitate these scuba courses, rather than the absence of passionate youth. So, she decided to launch a non-profit organization “Coral Warriors” being India’s first ever diving grant for the youth,by the youth.
We all know that India is home to a fifth of the world’s youth population. That’s why we need the youth who are passionate about climate change and want to make an impact in the climate change sector. Coral Warriors wants to see Indians heading the global narrative on climate change.
Diving grants all over the world like UK, Australia, USA and other countries already exist but this type of grant in India is the first of its kind. Coral Warriors wants to support at least one diving enthusiast of Indian nationality. We are also providing grants worth INR 70,000 to support diving education. However, we want to send as many people as possible. We have a special screening process to on board enthusiastic youth volunteers to attain the desired funding. Our goal is to get more passionate members of the youth involved in diving so they can observe prevalent coral damage first hand and can do something about it. Many Indians don’t even know what corals are, for that we need youth who can create awareness and also help save the corals. India being home to some of the most surreal diving spots has places likeAndaman, Goa, Kerala, Pondicherry and Lakshadweep, it is essential to save corals along our reefs.
Do you know that coral reefs are often described as tropical forests of the ocean? They are the organismsenhancing the beauty of marine ecosystems. From octopuses to dolphins, most marine organisms rely upon the reefs as a basic source of food. The beauty of coral reefs is that they absorb the intoxicated elements in water, thus making water near the coastal regions pure and filtered. Not only this, they also contribute significantly to the economy. Those who live near the coastal regions depend upon reefs for food, protection and employment. But now, coral reefs have started to bleach and are facing massive die-off because of the growing industrialization, environmental instability and increasing carelessness. At present, almost 50% of the coral reefs have withered away and soft corals have started to decompose. At this rate things will be out of our hands in no time, we need the most energetic and passionate youth who can help conserve them for our future generations. Our vision is to raise awareness about coral damage and ocean pollution, to highlight it’s deteriorating impact on life underwater. Coral Warriors is also live in Brazil. We are funding one Brazilian National per year to learn diving and support their intended environmental impact.
We want more Indians involved in adventure activities like diving which the youth only see on television channels. Traditional Indian families do not prefer to support their children to pursue a career path that does not make them the most financially well-off. However, Coral Warriors wants to see that change in a stern Indian mindset and support those who are unable to access enough funds to go diving. We want to make diving education more accessible and affordable to deserving candidates from India, a country with high poverty and less opportunities to pursue adventure activities.
To encourage more and more people to understand the critical importance of preserving the marine environment, CORAL WARRIORShas decided to initiate the grant for Indianyouth who actively want to be a part of the climate conservation activities. This grant will be provided to those who wish to learn how to scuba dive. At the end of the diving course, the grant awardee is expected to work on a detailed global impact project. As the saying goes, “Diving is an investment of time and money but the rewards can be life changing, literally”. Diving, while it is an “adventure sport,” takes people into a calm and quiet environment — there are no phones, no emails, no way for the terrestrial world to contact you. It is forty five minutes of pure solace. We want more diving enthusiasts from India to actually get the opportunity to dive.
Left – Guru Surendra Nath Jena displaying the darpana pose, Image courtesy – Sangeet Natak Academy, New Delhi. Right – A dancer in the darpana pose at the Brahmeshwar temple, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha
Life is the story of all rasas (emotions). It is only when art epitomizes this truth, does it become sublime. This is why Guru Surendra Nath Jena wove the rhythm of daily human life in his interpretation of the traditional Odissi dance. The resulting style, which came to be known by his name, is considered to be very different from that of his contemporaries, even radical. This was his path to the sublime on which he danced to pour out his devotion to God.
This unique journey lasted many decades. His creative life started with the Jatra form, in the early twentieth century. In time, he became the director of Sharda Kala Kunja of Nagaspur – the most popular Jatra troupe in Odisha in the mid-twentieth century – which performed across the villages of Odisha. Eventually he trained in Odissi dance and in the 1960s, he started teaching it in the conventional style in Triveni Kala Sangam, New Delhi. At round the same time, destiny took him to a visit to the Konark Sun Temple in Odisha. The exquisite sculptures in its Nata Mandap, and in other temples in Odisha, made him feel that these dance poses should be viewed as successively depicting an entire piece of the dance instead of only being its centerpiece. This started his breakaway from the prevailing perception and convention.
Guru Surendra Nath Jena in the midst of the everyday setting he drew his inspiration from and depicted in his dance. Source
Inspired by this fact and by linking the sculptures to the history, sociology and religion of Odisha, he composed unique and outstanding pieces such as: “Konark Kanti”, “Shilp Chandrika” and “Shakti Roopa Yogini”. His style was characterized by celebration of the rural daily life of Odisha; equal emphasis on the female and male elements including the vibhatsa and raudra rasa, as opposed to the focus on the feminine lasya element primarily represented in the shringar rasa; incorporation of Vaishnavite, Shaivite, Shakti and Tantric traditions; some stances and movements altered to synchronize with the depiction of ups-and-downs of life; the importance of yoga-asanas; and bhaav-sanchaar (communication through emotions) rather than shabd-sanchar (communication through words). It was also rooted in his own religious and sociological ideology that all Indian arts are connected to one another.
Music, dance, yoga, painting, poetry, architecture and mythology: the ultimate objective of all is take the artist to the realization of spiritual joy (atma-ranjan), raising the art beyond pleasing other people (lok-ranjan). Guruji’s personal dialogue with the Almighty also expressed his reverence in the poetry he wrote and used for his compositions, such as “Venu Gatha” and “Achoot Kanya”. He also brought to forefront much vernacular poetry of Oriya poets. He poured all his emotion, experience, knowledge and philosophy of Odissi dance in his monumental book: Atman – Odissi Nritya Puran: History, Technique and Aesthetics of Odissi Dance, which is like an encyclopedia of the form.
This journey did not end with his demise in 2007. His children have carried it and walked forward in it. In order to make Guruji’s style more widely-known, they have consistently attempted to create awareness about the reasons and the philosophy underlying it. Guru Pratibha Jena Singh, his eldest daughter and disciple, is the founder of the Nrityashilp Guru Surendra Nath Jena Odissi Dance Foundation. Among other initiatives, the Foundation has been organizing International Festival of Guru Surendra Nath Jena bi-annually. The first one was in 2016, held in New Delhi, India. Its primary intent was to spread the knowledge of the style and ideology of Guru Jena to as many people as possible. Hence it consisted of seminars, talks and presentation of scholarly research papers on Guruji’s Odissi dance style.
Guru Surendra Nath Jena at a temple in Odisha.
International and national artistes showcased choreographic pieces from Guruji’s repertoire. His Oriya poetry was read out and explained to the audience. The second Festival was held in 2018, at Jaipur in Rajasthan, India. Artistes from USA, Europe and the Asian subcontinent paid their tributes to Guruji by presenting pieces from his remarkable style. In 2021, given the restrictions of the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic, it was organized in a hybrid mode at Badogal and Bhogpur villages in Uttarakhand, India; in late October. Guru Surendra Nath Jena’s disciples from all over the world came together in online and offline modes, to dance to his original compositions as a tribute to him.
Even in the online mode, the traditional backdrop of an Odissi dance performance was beautifully and lovingly maintained; even enhanced. Guruji’s scrupulous attention to his art, students and all aspects of dance reverberated in one of his disciples in the United States of America performing despite having suffered from a severe injury recently. The entire Festival was organized with the help of local young volunteers in the villages of Uttarakhand. Prior to this, they had participated in a month-long yoga workshop, also conducted by the Foundation. They, alongwith other people in the adjoining areas, could see the magnificent performances live; which was a rare opportunity.
The International Festivals of Guru Surendra Nath Jena commemorate the universal appeal of dance for the human heart. If Guruji could have witnessed them, he would have smiled in approval. After all, he had always held that the Divine resides in each soul; and can be experienced best in the sahaj (natural) human life. The human life with all its vibrant rasas.
Arunachal Pradesh, the land of the rising sun, is rich in cultural and ecological sense. There are 24 districts in the north-eastern state of Arunachal Pradesh. The total number of tribes residing in the state includes more than 26 major tribes and more than a hundred sub-tribes. The state’s remote location provides the perfect scenario for the growth of tribal culture of Arunachal Pradesh, keeping it exclusive of the other regions in India.
Arunachal Pradesh assumes tremendous anthropological richness. The state is home to various tribes and indigenous groups. The prime cultural groups of Arunachal Pradesh categorize into three subheads. First, the Monpas and Sherdukpen of Tawang and West Kameng districts. This group identifies and associates itself with Mahayana Buddhism. Second, the Apatanis, Adis, Galos, Mishmis, Nyishis, Tagins, Akas, and Thongas worship the Sun and Moon God. Lastly, the third group includes Noctes, Wanchos, and Khampti, who follow Vaishnavism and Buddhism. This group follows a stringent hereditary rule to maintain villages. Each tribal distinction in Arunachal Pradesh made its place in the cultural strata of the state. They have distinct traditions and customs.
Language of Arunachal Pradesh
Image – Wikimedia
Did you know that Arunachal Pradesh found a place in the list of Asia’s most linguistically diverse states? There you can observe more than 50 dialects of the Tibeto-Burman language. The primary language structure sought to originate from the Tibeto-Burman language, but tribes have different dialects. The Tani dialect includes languages like Nyishi, Apatani, Bokar, Galo, Tagin, and Adi. In the eastern part of Arunachal Pradesh, you would observe the Mishmi language. Some languages like the Digaru, Idu, and Miju, of the Mishmi dialect, amount under the endangered languages, and researchers predict that they might become extinct in the coming years. Bodic language is the common language in the western and northern districts of the state.
Most people are comfortable with the Assamese language. The reason for this is the prolonged influence of the Ahom dynasty rule in Arunachal Pradesh. Hindi and English too form a part of the daily use language. Most people in the state can understand Hindi and English and converse in the language.
The holy Tawang Monastery, also known as the Tawang Ganden Mangyal Lhatse, which roughly translates to ‘the heavenly paradise of the divine place chosen by the horse,’ is the world’s second biggest monastery. The monastery is said to be about 400 years old and is in charge of 17 gompas in the area. This monastery, which houses over 300 monks and is built amidst the Himalayan ranges with fascinating views of the Tawang-Chu valley, is built amidst the Himalayan ranges with hypnotic views of the Tawang-Chu valley.
The beautiful construction may be accessed from the north via the ‘Kakaling’ gate, which is a stone-walled hut-like structure. Tawang Monastery is an exemplar of traditional Buddhist architecture, having various structures on its grounds, the most notable of which is a three-story assembly hall known as the ‘Dukhang.’ The inner sanctuary is dominated by an opulent 8-meter high figure of Lord Buddha, amid the gorgeous interiors featuring paintings, murals, carvings, sculptures, and rich textiles.
A typical village has fewer and more compact houses. The dwellings are constructed in accordance with the humid subtropical environment. The dwellings have a rectangular shape, a long slanted roof, and an open platform linked to the main building. A slanting roof usually dominates the primary residential unit. The home has short walls and, most significantly, no windows. As a result, the rooms lack natural light and have a smokey feel. For them, the home is not just a structure that protects them from hard rains, loud storms, and humidification, but it is also a living thing.
Traditional Dresses of Arunachal Pradesh
Image – Rita Willaert/Flickr
Shawls, wraps, and skirts are common in Arunachal Pradesh’s traditional attire. Though the tribes are all of the same ethnicity, the way they dress varies depending on where they live. Arunachal Pradesh residents are known to be born weavers. The majority of their dress styles are derived from their forefathers. In Arunachal Pradesh, the handloom industry is a growing sector. The tribal people choose to wear only natural organic jewellery. Goat hair, human hair, tree bark, and other materials are used as raw materials. Dark blue, green, yellow, black, and other dark colours are desired. Natural dyes produced from plants, barks, flowers, and seeds are the source of these colours.
In most tribes in Arunachal Pradesh, girls and women are required to wear accessories. Earring, silver rings, bamboo pieces, red beads, and gorgeous turquoises are worn by Monpa ladies. Another well-known clothing item is the hat, which is embellished with a magnificent peacock feather. The attire is stunning and draws attention to itself. The Hill Miris are a group of people that dwell in the Kamla valley and dress in brilliant garments. Women also wear ‘crinoline of cane rings,’ which are quite attractive.
The Sherdukpen live in Bomdila’s southern section, close to the Buddhist community. The men in this village dress in sleeveless silk garments with two pinned edges at the shoulder area. Clothing is often knee-length. Skullcaps coated with yak hair are its distinguishing feature. Sherdukpen ladies wear sleeveless, collarless clothing. They cover it with a full-sleeved jacket and mushaiks (waist cloth).
The indigenous religion of Arunachal Pradesh is highly inclined towards nature and makes the culture of Arunachal Pradesh even more rich. The people of the state are close to nature; they are practically dependent on Mother Nature. They worship nature in various forms, like folklores, dance, etc.
Buddhism is the dominant religion in the state. The tribes of the districts of West Kameng and Tawang profess Tibetan Buddhism. At the same time, the people in the region near the Burmese border follow Theravada Buddhism. Christianity is also a major religion in the state, following the indigenous religion. About 30% of the population of Arunachal Pradesh practice the Christianity religion. While a tiny proportion of the people also practice Hinduism.
The fertile land of Arunachal Pradesh enables access to an abundant amount of rice and vegetables. The traditional food of Arunachal Pradesh includes Rice and Meat. Lettuce, green chilies, and coriander are the main ingredients in most recipes. A platter in Arunachal Pradesh is incomplete without these three elements. The people of Arunachal Pradesh prefer mild flavors with fewer spices and a sober taste. If you ever get a chance to visit Arunachal Pradesh, you must try boiled rice cakes, thukpa, and Apang. Thukpa and momos are the traditional dishes of Arunachal Pradesh.
Another thing you would find in Arunachal Pradesh is rice beer. There are many forms of rice beers in the state, and get a hold of one while you get a chance.
The culture of Arunachal Pradesh, observes many festivals throughout the year. The celebrations are broadly classified into religious festivals, socio-cultural festivals, and agricultural festivals.
The Siang River Festival honours this beautiful state’s community peace. It was once a component of the Brahmaputra darshan event. The Siang River Festival is now celebrated in Turing, Yingkiong, and Pasighat. This event aims to promote ecotourism while also providing a variety of entertaining activities. Elephant races, river rafting, culinary festivals, and other activities are among the games available. This is one of Arunachal Pradesh’s most well-known festivities.
The Pangsau Pass Winter Celebration, which began in 2007, is a modern winter festival organised by the residents. This three-day event is held in Nampong, Changlang district, by the people. Every year in the month of January, this festival takes place. They perform traditional dances and songs as part of the ethnicity celebration. A stand with a variety of artworks from throughout the firm is set up here. Even Myanmar has a chance to show off its culture on this platform. The event brings together tribes from the Northeast and Myanmar to showcase their cultures and customs. This is a celebration that should not be missed while visiting Arunachal Pradesh.
Losar Celebration, Arunachal Pradesh’s most important festival, commemorates the Tibetan New Year. In Tibet’s pre-Buddhist time, the celebration was originally called as the Agrarian Festival, and it was held to commemorate the blossoming of apricot trees. Today, the Monpa tribe of Arunachal Pradesh celebrates the Losar Festival in the month of February or early March to fend off evil and welcome happiness and wealth into the new year. This well-known Arunachal Pradesh festival provides visitors with the ideal opportunity to sample locally produced beverages and traditional cuisine. Remember to tell each other “tashi delek,” which means “good luck,” when you run across each other at the Losar Festival.
Nyokum of the Nyishi tribe, another well-known celebration in Arunachal Pradesh, is held every year on February 28th. Nyokum is known for bringing wealth and peace to the people. Nyokum is a local dialect term that may be split down into two parts: Nyok, which means land, and Kum, which means people. Nyokum is a two-day festival in which the Nyishi tribe meets to sing and dance. The festival’s primary rites are done by the high priest, who also offers prayers to the spirits in order to help everyone and every household achieve peace and prosperity.
Music and Dance of Arunachal Pradesh
Image – Erikmeldrum/Flickr
The extant dance traditions in Arunachal Pradesh are an important part of the socio-cultural history of this small Indian state in the northeast. The natives like dancing and having a good time. They dance for pleasure as well as for festivals and ceremonies. The many dance genres are enjoyed by both men and women.
The dancing forms differ in accordance with the tribe’s diversity. Igo dance is practised by Mishmi priests, battle dance is practised by Adis, Wanchos, and Noctes, and ceremonial dance is practised by Buddhists. All of these dancing genres are mostly male-dominated and female participation is prohibited.
Aji Lamu, Roppi, Hurkani, Popir, Rekham Pada, Chalo, Ponung, Buiya, Lion dance, Pasi Kongki, and Peacock dance are some of the most prominent folk dances in Arunachal Pradesh. The majority of dances are choreographed to the beat of chorus tunes. While the songs are being sung, cymbals and drums are played in the background.
Folk Music of Arunachal Pradesh
Locals sing songs that seem like stories. The tribes’ historical past is brought to life via their folk melodies. These songs are mythical in nature and have roots in folklore. Some of the prominent folk songs played at various festivals in Arunachal Pradesh are listed below:
Ja-Jin-Ja is a traditional song that is performed at weddings, other social gatherings, and other festive occasions. It is performed by both men and women, either separately or in chorus. When the experts begin singing the songs, everyone in the audience joins in.
Baryi is a song that tells the tale of Arunachal Pradesh’s mythology, history, and religious tradition. Whether it’s a social gathering or a religious service, Baryi is a must-have. The song Baryi is rather lengthy. As a result, the song’s whole cycle takes hours to complete. The song’s reminiscences of the past elicit a sentimental response from the audience.
When the bridal side returns to the wedding ceremony, leaving the bride in her new house, Nyioga is sung. The bride might utilise the counsel in the song to help her manage her future life. The fundamental concept of this song is joy.
The art and craft of Arunachal Pradesh represent the state’s diverse culture and customs. Various inhabited tribes produce a variety of bamboo and cane handicrafts, as well as wood carving and carpet weaving. People in the areas of Tirap, Upper & West Siang, Lohit, and Tawang carve exquisite wood sculptures. East Kameng, Papumpare, Changlang, Upper and Lower Subansiri, East and West Siang, Lohit, and Dibang Valley, on the other hand, produce high-quality cane.
Handloom is an important element of the state’s rich art and craft tradition, and it is the principal source of income for the majority of women in the state. In Arunachal, women from 20 tribes and 100 sub-tribes strive to make skirts (Gale), shirts (Galuk), cotton shawls, side bags, and curtain fabric in a variety of patterns, quality, traditional value, motivation, and design. Another prominent art form that Arunachal Pradesh is proud of is painting. In Buddhist-dominated parts of the state, including as Tawang, West Kameng, and Upper Siang Districts, a specific form of painting known as Tangkha is common.
The subject matter of these paintings is mostly religious or traditional in nature. Carpet weaving, like painting, is mostly practised in Arunachal’s rural areas. The state’s carpets have been praised as being of national and international renown, putting another feather in Arunachal’s crown. Apart from carpets, the state also produces wall hangings, cushion pads, telephone pads, and floor coverings.
The Wangcho Bag, which is produced by the women of the Wangcho tribe of Tirap District, is one of Arunachal’s most distinctive products. The colourful geometrical pattern on the bag is woven using cotton and acrylic yarn. Apart from the distinctive bags, weavers are also developing a variety of utilitarian items such as women and gents waistcoats and costumes. The Wangcho women also manufacture grass necklaces out of seasonal reed found around river banks. In addition, the Tirap area produces necklace wristbands, waistbands, headgear, and earrings.
The wedding celebrations in Arunachal Pradesh are unique. You won’t find this in any other part of India. There are predominantly two types of marriages, first, Aaw Lang Aaw, and second, Thok no Chaii. The priest chants holy chants in front of the sacred fire. In the second type of marriage, Thok No Chaii, the groom has to perform a sacrifice of the natural fauna.
The groom’s family treks up to the hilltop and shout ‘Ho’ to declare their arrival. They stay at the bride’s house for four nights. The first-day treat of the celebration is on the bride’s family. The grand luncheon follows the first event. The groom’s family organizes a great pleasure on the second day. The third day observes the most exciting paint splashing ceremony. The groom’s family leaves on the fourth day. The bride goes to the groom’s house after a year of the ceremony.
The people of Arunachal Pradesh follow the Doyni-Poloism philosophy. It is the philosophy of living life, balancing nature, and harmony among the tribes. The tribes that follow this philosophical belief worship nature and believe that the sun and moon are the prime deities. The common belief is that life began from nothingness and the evolution from void advocates Sedi Melo’s creation. In marriages and alliances, people follow endogamy between tribes, while societies practice exogamy between clans.
Many tribes in the state also worship animals. More than 80 ancient tribes in the state believe that misfortune guides diseases, and everything revolves around the doings of the evil spirits which govern human life and action. The only way to break through the misfortune of evil spirits is Dandai’s service.
Agriculture is the primary source of income for the inhabitants of Arunachal Pradesh. Jhum agriculture is the main source of income for the farmers. Jhuming entails clearing a section of the forest by felling and burning trees, then using a poker to scatter seeds in those places. For years, many farmers have relied on this type of agriculture to make a living.
The vast majority of the state’s area is covered in deep woodland and lands. These forests produce goods, and enterprises based on their processing offer jobs and money to a vast number of people. The majority of the state’s industries rely on natural forest products like lumber and plywood.
Tea, petrochemicals, and cement are among the other businesses. In some sections of Arunachal, fruit growing is also practised. Fruit farming and horticulture has become a big industry. Many farmers have also benefited from this industry.
Conclusion
Arunachal Pradesh is the ideal location for you if rejuvenation and peace are what you are looking for. The cultural beauty of the state, along with the scenic beauty, makes it an ideal spot for travelers and believers. Even in the highly westernized world, with modernization conquering every nook and corner of the world, the ancient and natural practices of culture of Arunachal Pradesh are still preserved.
Ever heard of the other name of Jharkhand? It is Vanachal. Wondering what it means? Well, the term Vanachal means the land of woods, and hence it completely fits. The state is home to many tribal communities like Khadia, Santhal, Munda, Birija, and others. Tribal people in Jharkhand gave prime importance to nature. Even today, many people in the state derive a livelihood from forests, and the primary source of the economy is agriculture.
Let us take a glimpse into the culture of Jharkhand
We can find references of Jharkhand in Vayu Purana and Vishnu Purana. In Vayu Purana, the place ‘Muranad’ in present-day Jharkhand. Similarly, the ‘Mund’ in Vishnu Purana refers to the region, which is present-day Jharkhand. Many travelers throughout history also refer to the area in their travelogues and historical works. These famous travelers include the Chinese traveler Yuwan Chwang, Iranian traveler Abdul Latif and the Iranian religious and spiritual teacher Mulla Bahbahani.
Looking back to prehistoric times, there are many monuments and artifacts which resonate with the stone age. Archaeologists found many polished stone tools, carnelian beads, pottery wheels, and bronze and copper ornaments. This shows the continuity of civilization(s) in the region throughout the paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic ages. However, most artifacts are of Neolithic origin.
The first archaeological finding in the region was that of the stone celt, and professor Valentine Ball found the artifact under Tamar block in Ranchi in 1867. Many discoveries in the valley of Asura, Koel, and Damodar rivers also show resemblance with the relics of the Indus valley civilization.
Many tribes have resided in Jharkhand from the beginning itself. The political, economic, or social systems were all under the control of tribal clans in the region. It was only after 1765 that the British took over the area and caused tribal displacement. The part also saw revolts by tribes against the British. Some of these dreadful scenarios involve the Paharia revolt, Manjhi revolt, Tamar revolt, Santhal Revolt, Munda revolt, and others.
The state’s official language is Hindi, and Hindi is the language that is mainly used for all purposes, judicial or otherwise. A large proportion of people in the state use the Hindi language. However, you might also encounter people talking in languages like Ho, Santali, Angika, Kurukh, and Mundari. In fact, in some parts of the state, Bengali is prominent.
Although the tribal languages are slowly moving towards their end, many regions in the state still converse in tribal languages. The Jharkhand government also tried to make four tribal languages obligatory for its government executives. These four tribal languages are Kurukh, Mundari, Santali, and Ho.
Cuisine of Jharkhand
Image – Wikimedia
The staple food of Jharkhand is rice, dal, and vegetables, and people prefer sunflower oil and mustard oil to prepare these simple foods. The famous dishes of the state include Chirka roti, pitta, Malpua, asra roti, dhudhauri, and Gupshup. The traditional food of Jharkhand is somewhat similar to the cuisines of Bihar.
You would find most women in Jharkhand in simple sarees. Women’s clothing in Jharkhand is the traditional saree, and for tribal women, it is the Parhan or Panchi. In addition to this, women are also fond of accessories and ornaments of gold and silver and materials such as beads and gemstones. Men wear a single piece of cloth, Bhagwan traditionally. At the same time, other attires like the kurta-pajama, dhoti, and shirts form the casual daily attire.
Most of the festivals in the state trace origin and connection with nature. As the region is home to many tribes, the celebrations have a very simplistic and natural turn. People usually worship nature and objects of nature, for instance, trees and branches. Other than main festivals like Karam puja, Jitis puja, and Sarhul, people also show excitement towards annual fairs. Fairs and other occasions like Poush Mela and Tusu fairs give tribal people a chance to display their skills and folk belief.
Folk music and dance is a necessary ritual of all events and occasions of the tribal clans. Hunta dance, Mundari Dance, Barao dance, seraikella dance, and danga forms a part of the famous tribal dances of the state. Other than these, there are many more tribal or folk dance forms. Chhau dance, a dance form based on martial arts, is very famous in the state, and it is a part of the Seraikela school of dance.
Coming to folk music, the tribes have formed their musical instrument bases and tunes. Janani Jhumar, Pratkali, Mardana Jhumar, fagua, and Adhratiya are some of the significant tribal music forms of Jharkhand. The prime instruments involve dhol, Mandar, bansuri, saragi, shehnai, nagara, and Kartal.
Unlike other states, Jharkhand now boasts various groups of temples that have disseminated their holy essence and symbolised their beauty via geometric and non-geometric carvings, which are really a landmark in the Jharkhand architectural scene. The three periods of temple architecture in Jharkhand may be grouped into three major categories: Naqara, Bengal or Hindu Mughal, and indigenous horizontal layer systems.
According to historical records, dynasties such as the Nagavanshi, Cheras, Singhbhum Rajputs, Ghatsila Dhol Rajputs, and Manbhum Rajputs, as well as certain feudal lords, built temples for public and private devotion. However, neighbouring states such as Orissa and Bengal had their own temple architectural traditions, and Jharkhand’s temples were inspired by these designs in many ways. From ancient times, Jharkhand’s temples have served as religious organisations. The Maluti set of temples in the east; the Baba Baidyanath network of temples in Deoghar in the north; the Doisagarh group of temples in the west; and the Lord Jagannath temple at Jagannath Pahadi, Ranchi have all influenced religious movements from various sectarian perspectives.
In Jharkhand, there are two separate and extremely different vernacular architectural styles: tiny huts or hutments and havelis (large mansions). Originally, the hutments were made of mud, sticks, grass, and stones. These homes were typically constructed by family members with the help of neighbours. Their modest beauty stems from the fact that they are less affected by self-conscious aesthetic endeavours and more from clean, utilitarian forms created by adapting local materials as efficiently as possible to reduce harmful environmental factors while using favourable ones.
The Havelis are a relatively recent addition to the family. Under the influence of the British, the region prospered in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, thanks to a growth in trade and commerce. Local merchants grew wealthy. In order to show off their money, a new architectural style arose that was designed to showcase the merchants’ affluence. Their homes were constructed of burned clay brick and inspired heavily by western elements. Local materials and craftspeople were used to construct these homes. The structures that emerged as a consequence of this process are significantly different from the previous kind, blending traditional and contemporary elements, but they are still vernacular since they are the product of local vernacularization of modernity.
Religion of Jharkhand
Jharkhand is a diversified Indian state having a diverse religious population, with Hinduism being the largest religion and Islam being the second most followed religion. The state also has a sizable tribal population, with Sarna sthal, a Hindu-like faith, being the predominant religion. In recent years, missionary operations have resulted in a huge increase in Christianity in Jharkhand, which now exceeds the national average of Christians in India. Agrahari Sikhs and Jains are a tiny group.
Jharkhand’s economy and business revolve around the different industries that exist in the state. Jharkhand’s business and economy appear to be an important part of the state’s administrative structure; it is this feature of the government that is assisting the state in meeting the difficulties of the industrial world.
When it comes to Jharkhand’s industry and economy, it’s worth noting that the state is home to two of India’s largest steel factories. The steel factories at Bokaro and the Tata Iron and Steel Company are the two most important plants in Jharkhand’s region. These steel plants provide a significant contribution to the economy of not only Jharkhand but India as a whole.
Despite the fact that Jharkhand’s area is rich in minerals, agriculture remains the primary source of income for the majority of tribal populations. In reality, agriculture is practised by nearly 80% of the population in Jharkhand.
There is no doubt that Jharkhand has the most spectacular collection of folk paintings and preserved arts and crafts. The unique folk painting of Jharkhand, Paitkar paintings are famous among artists and historians. Historians regard the paitkar paintings as one of the oldest tribal art forms in the state. Oraon paintings, commonly known as comb-cut paintings and wall art in the sohrai style, are some of the most famous art forms in the state.
Jharkhand has a mine of skills for handlooms. You would see thousands of clay pottery designs, name one; you would find it the next second. Clay’s work in Jharkhand is on the next level, from animal figurines to detailed rural motifs to masks, people specialize in each.
The metal craft of Jharkhand is something we need not even mention. It has been insanely famous all around the globe since the early times. The ancient metal craft of Jharkhand, Dokra, is still in practice and under preservation by the generations of the malhari and tentri tribes of the state.
The culture of Jharkhand is lavishly rich in spiritual terms. If you visit Jharkhand, keep in mind not to miss these parts. The best part about the state is preserving the tribal culture and walking on the lines parallel to the modern culture.
When one says ‘khadi’ the word itself springs up a variety of emotions. Though khadi is a hand woven cloth, its meaning and relation to the freedom struggle of India is legendary to say the least. Khadi has a long and winding history and the evidence of its presence has been from around the times of Mohenjodaro and the Indus Valley Civilization. It has seen its share of ups and downs, however, unlike many other handicrafts or handlooms, khadi transcends the line of mere clothing or garment value to reach almost the cult status of an iconic significance under Mahatma Gandhi.
History of Kadhi
Hand weaving or spinning has been known to the Indian subcontinent for centuries now. In fact, terracotta spindles and bone tools used for weaving have been found as archeological evidence from the Indus Valley Civilization. There are also textual descriptions of hand spinning and weaving that are found as early as 400 BC in Herodotus’s writings about India. Some paintings dating back to the 5th century in the Ajanta Caves also show women separating the cotton from the seeds thus indicating that spinning cotton into yarn was a familiar skill.
Alexander the Great established the Trade Route and from here on began the initial movement of the hand woven cloths across Asia and Europe. By the end of the 17th century, India’s hand woven calico, chintz and muslin were a hit in the European markets. The growing popularity of the hand woven fabrics threatened the local expertise of the foreign markets, which led to France and England passing laws that banned chintz. With the introduction of industrialization and textile mills, they now sold their manufactured fabrics to India at very low cost.
The setting up of the textile mill at Bombay was one of the last blows that left thousands of weavers across the subcontinent unemployed.
The decline for hand woven cotton fabrics continued to decline until Mahatma Gandhi took it upon him to interweave the khadi movement into the larger struggle of the freedom movement.
Gandhi’s call for boycotting foreign products was spearheaded by the use of khadi. He saw khadi as not only a means to strengthen the economy of the nation, but also a way towards self-reliance and resilience. Since Britain was buying cotton at cheap prices from India and then selling the machine made fabric at higher cost, the khadi movement became a symbolic movement that moved beyond immediate gains into a higher philosophical rhetoric.
Khadi became an important part of the Swadeshi movement and Gandhi tirelessly advocated the idea of spinning one’s own cloth as the means to shunning away from the foreign oppressive policies. He himself began wearing only the dhoti and started spinning his own yarn. The spinning wheel thus became a landmark representation and integral part of the freedom struggle.
The All India Spinners Association was formed in 1925 after the introduction of the Non-Cooperation Movement. The organization worked to improve the standard and techniques of the local weavers.
Khadi after Independence
Post-independence, the government continued to encourage the production and marketing of khadi. The All India Khadi and Village Industries Board was set up which was later changed to the Khadi, Village and Industries Commission or KVIC.
Khadi Today
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It is heartening to see that khadi has continued to remain an important part of our cultural landscape. Today its value is more noteworthy because the eco-friendly fabric also defines the need of the hour. Also, khadi is not only spun cotton, but also silk and wool, making it a perfect fabric to be worn both in summers and winters. It is light, easy to carry and makes a definite style statement.
A lot of modern designers such as Ritu Kumar, Sabyasachi Mukerjee, Rohit Bal and more have incorporated khadi in their fashion and apparel shows. Big brands such as Fab India and others are also known for promoting khadi.
With a zero carbon footprint and its significantly rich history, the khadi is one of India’s finest treasures. It paves the way to set a great example of how local skills and material can sustain itself through all times. Yes, we all do use machine made fabrics, but India has a rich repository of hand woven fabrics that should not be ignored less forgotten.
We really cannot imagine our lives without paper. The utility and benefits of paper are beyond comparison. Paper in various forms is used in so many ways that it might be difficult to keep a tab or count of its presence. However, trying to restrict its vast scope, let us take a look at some of the traditional artistry and crafts that are associated with paper in India.
As a child, I remember folding the paper along the edges and then cutting shapes or designs on each fold. With each successive layer of the fold, the cuttings along the edges became tinier and tinier, until it was impossible to cut the paper any further. What looked like one small, crumbled, folded sheet of paper, underwent a drastic and incredible change when it was opened up, one fold at a time. The paper with its many cuttings along the edge was a stenciled wonder and delicate piece of art.
Of course, this childish art or craft piece is just one of the many exercises that can create skilled artistry from just a sheet of paper. Similarly, origami is one of the most popular paper arts that use only the paper to create magical art. Yet, in India too, paper arts and crafts have been prevalent for long although, these styles also use other materials to enhance the art form and make them more beautiful than they already are.
It is really hard to trace the history of paper crafts in India. It is understood that paper replaced the palm leaf used in ancient times, and the Arabs learned the art of making paper from the Chinese in the 8th century. The oldest known archaeological fragments of paper was found in the 2nd century BCE, in China. The Persian name for paper is kagaz, which became popular in India by the 14th century. Under the Mughal rule, the paper was extensively used both in royal and administrative works, strikingly in the form of farmans or scrolls of messages. It was also during this time that paper craftsmen lived together in localities known as the ‘kagazi mohallas’.
Paper crafts cover a large ambit of artistry ranging from paper toys, stencils, paper cuts to papier-mâché items. Paper kites, wind wheels, puppets, drums, etc. are very common toys that are easily available with hawkers or sellers on our streets or public places. Due to their ubiquitous presence, most of us tend to ignore the crafting skills that go into turning sheets of paper into viable toys or utility items. Khamp, for example, is the technique used to make kites, using paper along with bamboo strips.
Sanjhi is another paper art form that is popular in Matura and Vrindavan. A highly decorative craft, the paper is cut with special scissors into intricate designs, which depict the tales of Lord Krishna. Sanjhi is primarily used to create Rangolis in temples, though it is also used as decorative frames in homes.
The one paper craft that clearly stands out is, however, papier-mâché. A wonderfully unique art form, the technique involves using waste paper soaked in water along with other materials, such as adhesive solution and starch. The mixture is then assembled layer after layer in the desired shape and size, to create a thick component, which is then dried and made ready for use.
It was during the Mughal era that the papier-mâché was extensively used for both artistic and functional needs. It was even incorporated in wooden designs and was used to create a variety of products ranging from palanquins, doors, windows, bedsteads, and more. One can still find the artistry along with the panels and ceilings at the Shah Hamdan Mosque in Fatehkadal and the Mughal Gardens in Srinagar.
Papier-mâché Walls of Shah-e-Hamdan – Mike Prince via Flickr
Kashmir is where the papier-mâché is believed to have originated. Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani brought this handicraft to Kashmir in the 14th century. Locally known as Kar-i-qalamdan and Kar-i-munaqqash, the craft was used for ornamentation of pen cases and smooth surfaces. However, today the craft has evolved and is used to make various items, such as vases, boxes, models, trays, lamp bases, cups, bowls, candles, screens, frames, etc.
Though Kashmiri papier-mâché is most popular, other states that are also known for the skill include Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Odisha, Bihar, West Bengal, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu. The craft is used for various local and cultural items, such as large figurines in temples based on Kathakali, in masks by Chhau dancers and as humans, birds, and animal figures.
Paper Crafts in Socio-economic-religious Affairs
As with all crafts or arts in India, paper crafts too find themselves intricately associated with the social and religious rituals and ceremonies. Whether it is the burning of the paper fireworks and effigies during Dussehra or the Tazia designed during the month of Muharram, these paper crafts are an essential part of the social and cultural landscape of the country.
Paper in itself is extremely useful for decorations, gift wrappings, quilling, cutworks, etc. There is a wide range of possibilities that can find creative expression using paper. Besides, recycled and handmade paper are also huge hits amongst eco-conscious connoisseurs. Yet, the eco-friendly paper craftsmanship industry in India is facing competition from machine-made products and factory manufacturing. With livelihoods and heritage at stake, maybe it is worth recognizing the craftsmen and their inherent talents in converting a thin sheet of paper into exquisite and utilitarian art.
Many Indian students fly to the USA to benefit from world-class education opportunities. If you are also planning to move to the USA for educational purposes, it is recommended that you should be well prepared. It will be beneficial for you as you will benefit from the opportunities available. Here are some tips for studying in The USA.
Research
You can use US writing services to get a well-researched essay on preparing well if you are planning to move to the USA as an Indian student. You can find good write my college paper service which can help you get the the research papers done. Once you have decided to go abroad for studies, you must start searching for the information that you will need to move to another country. Traveling abroad for studies can be daunting if you are not aware of the procedures and circumstances you might face.
It is better to surf the internet to find information related to admission procedures, living conditions, and cultural aspects of the USA. You should also look for people who have studied in the USA as it is the best way of extracting study abroad tips. They will be able to guide you better because they have already experienced the challenges that you will have to handle. You can also join social media groups to find information about the process.
Researching the admission process is the key to making your study experience a great one. You should contact the universities through emails to learn more about the admission criteria. It is advised that you should not take the services of educational consultancies to get admission to universities abroad. It will be far better to search for top universities yourself. You should contact the personnel of your preferred university for firsthand information. Consultancies have ties with the universities in the USA, and they will try to send you to only those universities. You should keep your options open and look for the university that provides the best opportunities in your preferred field. You can connect via social media with Indian students in the US to know more about the top universities and apply to them.
Preparations After Getting the Admission.
Once you have got the admission to the university of your choice, start your preparations for making the process as smooth as possible. Your first preference should be clear about all the hurdles that you might face in going abroad. For this, you should try to clear all the holds. These holds involve matters of taking vaccines, sending your official documents and TOEFL scores. Try and clear these holds as soon as possible, as you will only be eligible to register for classes after clearing these holds.
You should apply for the visa at least three months before your departure to get enough time for preparations. Another thing that you should consider is to book the ticket in advance as you will be able to save some money. You should search for people who have got admission to the same university and contact them. It will help if they are Indian too, as you will be able to develop a better understanding of them. Consult with them and form groups to apply for housing. You should look for an international student’s house that offers affordable rates.
You should also keep track of the currency exchange rates so that you will be able to plan how much you will need to carry. You should also keep yourself updated about the weather conditions in the USA, particularly the state where your university is. It will help you in preparing well for the living conditions that you will need to cope with while living abroad. It will also be beneficial to consider if I move to the USA what cultural aspects I will need to learn more about. Learning more about the culture will be a good step as the locals will be happy with your efforts of knowing and adopting their culture. You should also brush up on your English speaking skills.
Packing your Bag
It is important that you pack your bag in a planned manner because packing a bag for traveling abroad may seem a simple process, but it actually requires proper planning. If you miss an important article while preparing your bag, you might get yourself in a lot of trouble. While packing, you should also consider that you might be traveling to England for the first time as you might get a connecting flight to the USA. Keep things that you might need if you would have to survive a longer period of time at the airport in England. Below are some tips for packing your bag efficiently.
You should check out the allowed dimensions by the airline for your bag before selecting a bag for packing;
You should not keep eatables or sports items in your bag;
You should keep all the important documents and relevant certificates;
You should keep your laptop mobile chargers and electric adapters;
You should keep warm clothes and a waterproof outfit to cope with the weather conditions in the USA;
You should keep a good dress for a special occasion;
You should also keep the travel book for the USA;
You should keep your traveler’s cheques and forex cards;
You should keep the necessary medicine with a doctor’s prescription.
Arriving in the USA
Once you have landed safely in the USA, you should keep in touch with your family and keep them updated with your movements so that they can approach you in case of any emergency. One of the study abroad best tips is to report immediately to the international student’s office and inform them about your arrival.
While living in your accommodation, try and build a good relationship with your roommates by having a good conversation about their experiences and the living conditions. Remember you need a good support system as you are away from your family and friends in a foreign country in unfamiliar conditions. Ask your roommates about the places from where you can shop, especially where to find Indian grocery stores. You should also ask them about authentic Indian restaurants that offer affordable rates so that you can enjoy your food and save some money as well.
In your stay in the USA, make sure that you don’t isolate yourself in foreign conditions. You should try to adjust and shouldn’t shy away from interacting with people. Being social will help as you might require emotional support in difficult times.
Make Most of the Study Opportunities.
Universities in the USA are the best in the world. By making most of the learning opportunities, you can make sure that you leave your university as a highly employable professional. You should not lose your focus and should join societies to utilize your potential in the correct manner. Remember the purpose to keep yourself focused in order to be successful.
Studying in the USA can be an unforgettable experience, an experience that you may cherish all your life. You will gain a global mindset by interacting with people from all around the world. Studying in a US university will also boost your chances of international job prospects.
Foreign students have to face twice as many challenges compared to regular students. Why? They have to move to a new place, settle in, face a culture shock, and above all, they don’t know the language. It makes coping with work and college life tough, so we are here with some tips.
Go for a Flexible Job
You might be ambitious and need income to cater to your everyday expenses; trust us, we understand the struggle. However, you must also keep in mind that you have committed to your studies. You have to strike the correct balance to keep your sanity and excel in both aspects.
Yes, always consider a job you like, but you also need to know that demanding jobs with late-night shifts are not in your favor. You can’t pull all-nighters and then concentrate in class in the morning. Go for jobs that offer flexible timings like afternoon shifts or a position that you can pull on weekends.
That way, you won’t have to compromise on your education and earn to make ends meet. It is a fantastic opportunity for international students because they don’t always have enough funds to meet their basic needs. College and working are both pretty demanding, and you need to give your best shot to both of them.
Have a Proper Schedule
Without a plan or a schedule, you will feel completely lost. You can’t juggle things during the day without knowing what’s next. It will be bad for your mental and physical health because it causes much strain on your mind, nor will you finish any task properly.
Yes, you can buy college research papers to eliminate one added burden because it might be the most challenging one if you’re an international student. You can also get research paper from reputed services, just pay for essay at EssayPro and get the research papers done. However, other tasks like jobs, classes, and social life need to be planned enough to help you enjoy everything.
A schedule will keep you on track and remind you of the following important activity that you need to finish. Here is how you need to plan it all out:
Note down all your pending tasks for the day;
List them in the order of priority and urgency;
Now, check if there is a clash in time for any of these;
If there is, try to talk to your employer for flexible timings or your teacher to enroll you in a different class;
Finally, fix all essential things in a particular spot to finish them on time without confusion.
It will help you learn how to balance work and college far better than anything else you try!
Be Stingy with Your Time
You can’t waste your time here and there when there is so much on your plate. Stop and think like a rational adult. You’re already a college student and a foreigner who has a lot to learn about this new lifestyle, and you have to focus on your language skills, make money, and balance your social life in all of this.
You can’t just sleep all day or be out late at night and party. There is more to life than that. You have to divide your time smartly. For example, working full-time in college isn’t an option because it eats up all your time, and you can’t study.
You have to make sure you’re productive in the short bursts of time you get. If you’re studying, don’t overwhelm yourself. Take short breaks and continue. Have a snack, turn off your social media, and see how it works like a charm. If you avoid distractions and have incentives for yourself, you can do everything much faster than you anticipate.
Always remember that you’re in college and you need time to relax. If you use every second productively, you have plenty of time to relax and kick back and have fun with other people.
Put Your Health First
The thought of how to balance college and work can be scary for many international students. It causes a great deal of stress and can be detrimental to their health. So, you must always stay away from anxiety if you want to make sure your body and mind function properly.
You have to remain mentally and physically fit to multitask. Have a proper sleep schedule. Get at least seven to eight hours of sleep every day and have a healthy breakfast in the morning. It keeps your memory strong, helps you feel fresh, and strengthens your immune system!
If you don’t feel healthy and are constantly falling sick or are sleep-deprived, there is no way you can finish your assignments or get through the hours of work with ease. Be kind to yourself, and you indeed have to do your best and have plenty of experience before you step into professional life, but it should never come at the cost of your health.
Honesty is the Best Policy
If you’re confused about how to go to college and work part-time, a solution is to talk to your boss. We don’t mean to have personal conversations; it still has to be professional. However, you should be clear about your availability and the effort you can put into work while focusing on your education side-by-side.
You can state any concerns you have about your responsibilities at work and make sure you have a cordial relationship with your employer. Tell them how you are shuttling between work and college, so they don’t expect something out of the box and always appreciate the hard work you put into your job.
Working full-time and going to college will be too demanding for you, so be clear with your employer that you will be a part-timer. Constantly update them about the progress of your work. Always make sure you don’t overextend your ability. If a task is too much for you, seek help from your co-workers. It is great to gain experience, be on good terms with people, finish every job with quality, and study.
It is a perfect way to be honest about your education and job. You will feel mentally relaxed if no one pressures you to finish a task because your boss knows your limitations.
These few tips can change your life. Instead of feeling tired and out of your mind, you feel fresh and motivated. Yes, multitasking is never easy, but at least you’ll have clarity and a sense of direction. You will notice a drastic change in all aspects of your life as everything falls in place.
Artists pour their entire soul while giving life to a painting or piece of art. And their skill, perfection and mastery, finds expression on empty canvases. One such well-known and exceptionally talented artist is Manu Parekh. A painter for whom the city of Varanasi has been an incessant muse, it is Hedonova that has recently invested in Manu Parekh’s Banaras.
Manu Parekh’s Tryst with Art
Parekh was born in Gujarat in 1939 and forged into art as a career in the 1960’s. Inspired by Rabindranath Tagore and S.B Palsikar, Parekh combines the expressionist techniques through the use of bright colors and pointillist elements. These art techniques are often used by indigenous artists and European impressionists.
He visited Varanasi after his father’s death and it is from then onwards that the city cast a spell on the painter. The city of holiness, hopes, faith, dreams and dead has many hues that have been captured over the years by Parekh in his many paintings.
Banaras (2019)
Banaras (2019) by Manu Parekh is an integral piece of his repository of art works. Prominent, sharp lines and the vibrancy of colors exude an energy and charisma that instantly hit the onlooker. The city of Varanasi is an embodiment of the cycle of life and death, strewn with its many contradictions and contours.
His work entices the viewer to observe the emotions that are screened behind the riot of colors and structures. The techniques of pointillist and tribal Indian art are all too visible as the temples, rivers, ghats and shrines all intermingle fluidly on the canvas. In this work temples appear inclined and he also experiments with sexual metaphors, constructs, color, figuration and more. In the words of Manu Parekh, ‘This artwork is my experiment with the technique of ‘pointillism’ and I thoroughly enjoyed working on this painting – as it gave me an opportunity to handle space very differently. The complimentary tones give the work a sense of joyousness and vibrancy.’
Hedonova – Investment in Art
Hedonova has invested in Manu Parekh’s Banaras (2019). By investing in Hedonova, you too can invest in this brilliant piece of art. In fact, Hedonova boasts of investing in art paintings that are created by the best in the business.
Art is of course, all about creativity. Each piece is created with utmost energy and skill. And hence, the geniuses and maestros of the art world are highly valued. Their paintings adorn homes, offices and more. It is a valued treasure for connoisseurs of art and most often these painting are sold in millions if not less. Since their worth is much, they are not always affordable by all. And that is where Hedonova steps in!
Invest in Banaras – Invest in Art
With Hedonova you can begin investing with $1000 or Rs. 75000 and share a part of priceless art works. Also, there are many art enthusiasts, but they may not always have access to art auctions etc. Hedonova helps facilitate this and introduces art as an alternative investment asset.
Besides, investing in art is highly lucrative. It appreciates with time and can be sold in the future at a much higher profit rate. Also, multiple investors invest with Hedonova and this helps in buying the paintings and art works that are priced at millions and millions of dollars.
In fact, Hedonova also invests in many other alternative investment assets, such as real estate, data centers, litigation, P2P lending and more.
Lastly, if you appreciate true art, viewing Manu Parekh’s Banaras will definitely throw you in a space of enchantment and wonder. The vivid colors, the angles, the interpretations etc. will leave even the not so artsy, interested. And so its no surprise, if you would like to invest in this splendid piece of art, it is more than just about colors and brush strokes. It is but the viewing of a city that is steeped in history, dichotomy and a reality that is striking and inspiring.
Hedonova has invested in Banaras and awaits for you to join in.
In Singapore, the thriving economy allows homeowners to choose among many contractors. Typically, they specialise in multiple tasks but may also focus on a particular niche. Indeed, the abundance of companies increases the service quality. However, many owners find choosing the right plumber a daunting task.
Perhaps, you’re looking to hire a plumber for simple maintenance or a minor problem. Whatever the reason, hiring someone who has the experience and will provide quality service at a reasonable price is a no brainer. Luckily, everybody can find a reputable contractor by following a few simple steps. Here’s what you need to consider before selecting a plumber for your maintenance works:
Ask about license
First and foremost, when hiring any contractor in Singapore, you must ask for a license. Typically, the government requires all plumbers to go through special training. The idea is to make sure all reputable companies offer quality services. Besides, no one would want to hire a contractor who doesn’t know how to do maintenance.
Supposedly, all plumbing service companies have a license, but that’s not always the case. Sometimes, the best you can do is ask to see your contractor’s certificates. That way, you’ll avoid regretting your choice in the future.
Make sure there are no hidden costs
While the strict regulations minimise the risk of a bad experience, you must ask for a quote. Usually, you can do this by scheduling a consultation or a visit. That way, the expert will evaluate the problem personally. Ultimately, you’ll get an accurate quote, including labour and material costs.
Still, you must ensure no hidden costs and additional charges that you don’t want to pay. Typically, the cost of a job may increase during work. In this regard, you should choose a plumber who will give you a final price before starting the task.
Ask for the charge basis
Sometimes, homeowners forget to ask about the charge basis. While this might seem like a minor issue, it can completely alter the final price. Therefore, it should be among the first things to do before hiring a plumber.
Generally, most companies charge either hourly or at a flat rate. However, it all depends on the type of work. In most cases, a flat rate seems more viable. After all, it would ensure that you’d pay the same amount of money no matter how long the job takes.
Also, don’t forget to ask for the payment method. While some experts ask for payment after finishing the job, others may ask for payments at certain milestones. Either way, avoid hiring plumbers that ask for 100% upfront payments.
Sign a contract
Another crucial point is signing a contract. Of course, this seems like a no brainer. Still, you mustn’t forget to do it. Otherwise, you may face some problems in the future, including fines or even a bad plumbing job. Besides, signing a contract with clear goals and terms will ensure that the task is in safe hands. You may also consider extra services like cleaning after work and whatsoever.
Insurance
Last but not least, no matter the size of the plumbing problem in your home, your plumber must have insurance. Indeed, accidents can happen anytime, regardless of the expert’s experience and equipment. In such cases, your plumber of choice must have health insurance.
Also, if the contractor guarantees their work, it’s likely a green flag. Such insurance would prevent any issues from reemerging after finishing the job once. Typically, you should sign a specific guarantee in written format.
Final Thoughts
To conclude, hiring a plumber in Singapore is an easy thing to do. However, you must be aware of all the details. Also, always do your research when looking to hire a plumbing contractor. Depending on the issue and desired results, you must find the perfect balance between quality and price. Luckily, Homees is a platform to find the best plumbers in Singapore. Perhaps, you should open the website and follow our steps. You’ll hire a pro to fix your issue in no time!
