Traditional Indian Summer Dishes to Beat the Heat and Be Healthy

April 10, 2024

Summers in India can be quite a handful. The sweltering heat is a menace especially for those who venture out of their homes during the afternoons and mornings. There are various ways to beat the heat though very often they seem just not enough. Ultimately, what usually works instantly is a room with the AC at full blast; however, not everyone can afford this luxury. Even if they can, one cannot be in air conditioned surroundings for the entire day since it is both an unhealthy and impractical solution.

Indian Summer Dishes

What does work though are some of the traditional and natural foods and drinks that cool our bodies. These are healthy options with no side effects what so ever. Also, most of these are absolutely affordable and very often the escape route for those toiling arduously in the sun. Imagine the street laborers, our auto and bus drivers or the shop sellers and hawkers. They bear the brunt of the heat the most since they are exposed to the sun directly with very minimum shade. For them too, the best way to cool off is by consuming some of the traditional drinks and foods that are not only made in homes, but also sold on streets for easy availability. In fact, these summer stalls are a lucrative business option because they not only make a decent profit, but also because they are saviors that provide relief when the sun is scorching in full radiance upon us.

Again, because this is India, each region has its own set of summer food stalls, yet there are some foods and drinks that are found everywhere.

Lime juice/water

Traditional Indian Summer Dishes, Lime-Juice — Image – Rajesh Pamnani via Flickr

These small wooden wheeled vans are very common sight on summer days. Loaded with lemons and a hidden ice box within the van that keeps the water cool the lime juice is a perfect cooling drink to keep up the energy amidst a blazing sun. For a nominal amount this lime juice can be filled in your own bottle which can last for a while.

Fruit bowls

Stalls selling cut fruits, including watermelons, papaya and cucumbers are a great way to fill your stomach with healthy yet light foods that provide the right proportion of water and nutrients. Sprinkled with a pinch of salt they act against the dehydration. Not to mention, a bowl of fruit salad made at home is always a good snack.

Buttermilk/more/Chaas

Traditional Indian Summer Dishes, Buttermilk — Image – Scott Dexter via Flickr

Called chaas in the north and more in south, buttermilk is the ultimate drink to wade off the burning heat sensation in our bodies. A spoonful of curd mixed with water is the basic tenant of how buttermilk is made, though different homes and regions add on to make different variations. Ginger, curry leaves, salt, jeera, pepper, mustard seeds, chilli, lemon and coriander leaves, either of these can be added and mixed to give a new flavor to the existing butter milk.

Aam Panna

Traditional Indian Summer Dishes, Aam_Panha — Image – Wikimedia

Summer is the season of mangoes and aam panna made from unripen mangoes is the soothing antidote to hot venom spewing in summers. Made from the pulp of the kacha aam or keri (mango), this drink mixed with sugar, jeera and a pinch of salt is also known for keeping the heat strokes away.

Regional Sherbets

Traditional Indian Summer Dishes Sherbets — Bel Sherbet

Different regions are home to summer fighting fruits or various ingredients which can be prepared into sherbets or local drinks. Some examples include bel (wooden apple), kokum, phalsa (black currant), jamun, variyali (fennel seeds) and sattu. Either the pulp is extracted from the fruits or boiled or in case of seeds, they are soaked overnight to use as the base of the syrup. Most of these also have various health benefits. For example, bel has medicinal properties that deal with respiratory issues, vertigo and cholesterol. The fruits can also be eaten raw or used in salads. Besides, sattu or roasted gram powder is an energy drink that has been brought to our cities by migrants from Bihar and UP.

Panakam

A south Indian specialty, this drink is made from jaggery mixed with water, ginger powder, salt and powdered cardamoms. A different version of it, is also used in many Gujarati homes and is called gol pani or water of jaggery. Here the jaggery is mixed with water and a bit of lime juice. This drink provides instant cooling and refreshment.

Takeaways

Of course, there are many more local foods and drinks that our grandmothers would know about best. Maybe, it is time to take a few tips from them and follow some age old simple recipes to beat the heat. At the same time, we are also blessed to have the ice creams, baraf golas, kulfis and milkshakes to cool us off.

Essential Home and Kitchen Appliances: Exploring the Versatility of Cast Iron Kadai

Cscope Staff

April 10, 2024

Regarding traditions, few tools hold as much cultural significance and versatility as the Cast Iron Kadai. This unassuming kitchen essential has been a staple in cooking practices for generations, transcending boundaries to cater to the palates of the Indian populace. As we delve into home and kitchen appliances, the cast iron kadai emerges as a performer adept at handling cooking techniques and consistently producing outstanding culinary outcomes.

The Enduring Charm of Cast Iron

Before we discuss the flexibility of the iron kadai, it’s crucial to acknowledge the attributes that have endeared it to chefs and home cooks alike. Iron’s heat distribution and retention properties make it ideal for tasks such as searing, sautéing, and slow cooking, ensuring that your dishes are cooked to perfection each time.

Moreover, cast iron is renowned for its robustness and longevity, with many kadais becoming family heirlooms passed down through generations. Additionally, the developed nonstick surface resulting from seasoning allows for food release and hassle-free cleanup. The Culinary Versatility of Kadai

While commonly associated with curries and stir-fries, the applications of cast iron kadai extend beyond these loved dishes.

Let’s take a look at how this cooking utensil can improve your culinary skills:

1. Searing and Sauteing:

The kadais’ ability to reach and maintain temperatures makes it perfect for searing meats, fish, and vegetables. The intense heat creates a layer that locks in juices and flavours, while its shallow structure allows for easy tossing and stirring when sautéing.

2. Shallow and Deep Frying:

Whether you’re preparing crispy pakoras or golden samosas, the cast iron kadai excels in both frying techniques. Its curved edges and ample cooking surface provide space for frying ingredients due to its consistent heat distribution.

3. Curries and Stews:

A tool in any kitchen, the reliable kadai is crucial for slow-cooking curries and hearty stews. With iron and heat retention properties, simmering dishes over time allows flavours to meld beautifully, resulting in meals that embody culinary traditions.

4. Bread Making Advice:

While not considered, using a cast iron kadai can revolutionize bread baking. Its precise temperature control and uniform heat distribution make it an excellent choice for baking flatbreads like naan, paratha and kulcha – achieving a crispy exterior with a fluffy Roasting and Baking:

Despite its design, the cast iron pan can also be used for roasting vegetables and meats or baking small batches of cookies or bread. Its heat retention capability ensures cooking, while its versatile structure allows for browning and caramelization.

Selecting the Best Cast Iron Pan:

With numerous options available in the market, choosing the cast iron pan can seem daunting. Here are some essential factors to consider when making your decision:

1. Size and Depth:

Cast iron pans come in sizes and depths to meet cooking needs. Consider your cooking requirements and the number of people you usually cook for when selecting the size that suits you best. Deeper pans are ideal for curries and stews, while shallower ones are perfect for sautéing and frying.

2. Handling Ease:

Due to its nature, handling an iron pan can be challenging, especially when it is filled with food. Look for pans with handles that make it easier to manoeuvre. Consider opting for one with a base as it simplifies transferring from stovetop to oven or table.

Pre-Seasoning and Maintenance:

Specific cast iron pans come pre-seasoned, saving time and effort when seasoning them.

Taking care of your kadai is crucial to ensure it lasts long. Works well. Following the manufacturer’s instructions for cleaning, drying, and re-seasoning is key to maintaining the shape of your kadai.

When buying appliances online, especially an iron kadai, it’s helpful to explore brands and read customer reviews. Look for brands known for using high-quality materials and craftsmanship while prioritizing customer satisfaction. Positive feedback can give insights into a kadai’s performance, durability, and user-friendliness.

Caring for your cast iron kadai is vital in preserving its quality and functionality. Here are some tips to guide you:

Seasoning:

Regularly seasoning your cooking pan by applying oil and baking it in the oven helps create a nonstick surface and prevents rust.

Cleaning:

Avoid using detergents or abrasive scrubbers, as they can strip away the seasoning. Instead, gently clean, with a brush or salt and water, ensuring thorough drying after each use.

Storage:

Store your cooking pan properly by adding a layer of oil or butter to prevent rust if it is not used for some time.

Heating and Cooling:

Avoid exposing your cooking pan to temperature changes, as this may cause it to warp or crack. Let it cool gradually before you clean or store it.

Taking the time to care for your iron cooking pan can help you preserve its reliability and versatility in your kitchen for the haul.

Blending Tradition with Innovation

In today’s evolving world of kitchen essentials, the iron cooking pan stands as a symbol of enduring tradition and the adaptability of tools. While its history stretches back centuries, its versatility and functionality have endured, making it an essential tool in kitchens.

Whether you’re a home cook or a culinary enthusiast, buying a high-quality cast iron kadai online can elevate your cooking experience. Not only does it allow you to enjoy the flavours of Indian cuisine, but it also opens up new avenues for experimenting with diverse recipes and culinary techniques from around the globe.

So why not embrace the versatility and allure of a cast iron kadai to enrich your explorations? With care and a dash of creativity, this timeless kitchen essential is bound to become an asset on your culinary journey, enabling you to create delicious and memorable dishes for years to come.

The Celebration of Indian New Year in Various Cultures of India

Tasneem Sariya

April 9, 2024

Celebration-of-New-Year-in-Various-Cultures-of-India — Image Source

Across the world, New Year is celebrated on 1st January. The first day of the New Year is welcomed with a lot of festivities and extravaganza with cities and countries all over the world beginning the momentous countdown from New Year’s Eve or 31st December.

And though India too participates in the New Year celebrations, it’s interesting to note that Indian’s celebrate not one but many New Years’. Because of the large mix of religions and regions that comprise and contend together, each has its own cultural specialties that thrive despite and in spite of the entire large conundrum in which they all co-exist. And hence, like many other differences that do at some points seem to interweave together, the traditional, religious and regional contrasts though all relate to similar ideas and ideologies, add more variety and charm to the Indian cultural landscape.

Indian New Year

Many communities follow their own calendars. There are both lunar and solar calendars that are followed by the different regional or religious groups and so for each of them the New Year falls on separate days. This is truly interesting, because there is the Georgian calendar that is followed for all practical and administrative purposes across India and the festivals and celebrations on it are also acknowledged and celebrated. But, traditionally the regional or religious calendars are also equally important and festivals or celebrations that are very ethnic and traditional in nature are celebrated on the respective days according to those calendar dates.

Here is taking a look at the different Indian New Year festivals that are celebrated across the different regions and communities of India.

Gudi Padwa in Maharashtra

Celebration-of-New-Year-in-Various-Cultures-of-India-Gudipadwa — Source – Wikimedia

Gudi Padwa is celebrated as New Year in Maharashtra, Goa and the Konkan region. This is a springtime festival and falls on the first day of the month of Chaitra. A ‘gudi’ which resembles a flag with decorated with flowers and topped with an inverted vessel is kept outside homes. Houses are cleaned and new clothes are worn on this day. Maharashtrians also prepare savories, such as puran poli and shrikhand.

Baishaki in Punjab

Celebration-of-New-Year-in-Various-Cultures-of-India-Baishakhi_festival — Source – Wikimedia

The harvest festival celebrated in north India is fraught with colors and a lot of fun. Usually falling sometime on 13 or 14 April and marks the first day of the month of Vaisakha. It is also a religious and historical festival for Sikhs because it marks the beginning of the Khalsa.

Ugadi in Karnataka & Andhra Pradesh

Celebration-of-New-Year-in-Various-Cultures-of-India-Ugadi — Image – Archives.deccanchronicle.com

Ugadi is the New Year for Hindus of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. It is the first day of the month of Chaitra. The kolamulus are beautiful floor decorations along with mango leaf decors along the doors and windows. A lot of donations are also made to temples and religious institutes on this day. Some of the special dishes prepared are pacchadi, pulihora and bobbatlu.

Bohag Bihu in North East

Celebration-of-New-Year-in-Various-Cultures-of-India-Bihu — Image Source

The most important festival of Assam and the northeast region is its New Year that also coincides with its harvesting season. It is celebrated seven days after Vishuva Sankranti in the month of Vaisakh or also called the month of Bohag locally.

Pahela Baishakh in West Bengal

Celebration-of-New-Year-in-Various-Cultures-of-India-Pahela Baishakh — Image – Wikimedia

The New Year for Bengalis is also called the Bangla Nabobarsho. According to the Bengali calendar it is celebrated on the first day of the first month of Baishakh. In fact, it is the same day Baishaki is celebrated in north India, Puthandu in Tamil Nadu and Vishu in Kerala. It is also a declared holiday in Bangladesh.

Puthandu in Tamil Nadu

Celebration-of-New-Year-in-Various-Cultures-of-India-Puthandu — Image – Wikimedia

In Tamil Nadu the New Year is also known as Puthuvarusham. The day is spent with family and special prayers or pujas are also conducted. People wear new clothes and youngsters seek the blessings of the older generation. It is celebrated on the first day of the Tamil month Chittirai. On the New Year ’s Eve a tray is prepared with various assortments, such as fruits, betel leaves, jewelry, coins, flowers and a mirror. It is considered auspicious to see the tray on the first day of the New Year.

Vishu Kani in Kerala

Celebration-of-New-Year-in-Various-Cultures-of-India-Vishu_Kani — Image – Wikimedia

Celebrated in Kerala, Vishu has many similarities with Puthandu. It is also celebrated on 14th April, however, its most marked distinction is the simplicity with which it is celebrated. People usually visit temples in the early morning of the New Year.

Bestu or Nav Waras in Gujarat

Garba-Dance — Image – dpbirds via Flickr

The New Year celebrations of Gujarat fall a day after Diwali. It is also called Varsha-pratipada or padwa. Traditional costumes are worn and homes are decorated and lighted.

Losoong

Losoogn is the Sikkim New Year and is celebrated in the month of December. Based on the Tibetan lunar calendar it is the traditional festival of the Bhutia tribe but is also celebrated by the Lepchas and is called Namsoong. The celebrations include burning of the demon, as well as organizing competitions. Prayers are offered in monasteries.

Besides, other religious New Year festivals, include the Islamic Hijri New Year, Navreh which is a Kashmiri Hindu festival and Cheti Chand by Sindhi’s.

Though many New Years’ fall around the same time they are celebrated differently and each has its own cultural connotations.

Here is wishing everyone a very Happy 2020 and hoping that the next year will bring equally happy and prosperous New Years’ that will fall all along the year!

Usher in a New Ugadi Festival by Saving Water

Caleidoscope

April 8, 2024

ಯುಗ ಯುಗಾದಿ ಕಳೆದರೂ
ಯುಗಾದಿ ಮರಳಿ ಬರುತಿದೆ
ಹೊಸ ವರುಷಕೆ ಹೊಸ ಹರುಷವ
ಹೊಸತು ಹೊಸತು ತರುತಿದೆ

A well known Kannada song presents the significance of Ugadi festival. Ugadi is the first day of the month of Chaitra (March–April) as per the Saka calendar or ‘Hindu New Year’. This festival is celebrated in Indian states below the Vindhya Mountains as Yugadhi in Karnataka, Ugadi in Andhra Pradesh, Gudi Padwa in Maharashtra and Goa.

While there are a lot of rituals connected to Ugadi just like any other Hindu festival, the most noteworthy tradition associated to Ugadi is the symbolic eating of the Bevu Bella dish with six tastes that signify the fact that life is a mixture of different experiences – sadness, happiness, anger, fear, disgust, surprise. The special mixture consists of:

Neem for its bitterness, signifying Sadness
Jaggery for sweetness, signifying Happiness
Green Chilli/Pepper for its hot taste, signifying Anger
Salt for saltiness, signifying Fear
Tamarind Juice for its sourness, signifying Disgust
Unripened Mango for its tang, signifying Surprise

The Bevu-Bella dish embodies the Indian way of looking at life that it is our Karma to face both sadness and happiness with a stoic mindset. However, we can observe that today’s society is full of people who don’t want to face the harsh reality of life and escape into a dreamy world. Indian society’s obsession with Bollywood is a classic example of our escapism from our reality. We don’t want to face it and find a solution to our problems.

The harsh reality that is facing our world today is the massive pollution of our environment and our minds. Garbage is strewn all over the place, water bodies are polluted beyond restoration, air is choked with smog and global warming is heating up the world. Did you notice that 2014 was the hottest ever year since the ice ages? Did you notice that it was raining in peak winter this time across India? How hot the summer is going to be this year? Are we prepared to face the heat? Have we stored up enough water to last the next three months?

You might say, I alone cannot do much to save water or the environment. Yes, while we individuals can’t do much, we can do something together to change the situation. We can appeal together to our urban bodies, municipalities to take measures to save water. Water scarcity is fast becoming urban India’s number one woe, with government’s own data revealing that residents in 22 out of 32 major cities have to deal with daily shortages.
As you can see in the figure below, almost every major city in India faces a shortage of water supply.

Instead of looking at ways to conserve water, we have conveniently solved our water crisis by digging more borewells and extracting groundwater. This convenient method has been immensely suitable for us since we don’t any government permission to dig as many bore wells we want! However, we didn’t realise one thing – groundwater is like a fixed deposit of water stored over centuries and if we misuse it beyond drinking purposes, the water source is going dry up. That has already happened across many cities in India!

Hey, why did we diverge into this miserable water scarcity issue, while talking about Ugadi? That’s because this time, Ugadi is coinciding with “World Water Day”! A belief associated to Ugadi is the custom to throw out stored water, clean all the pots and tanks and fill them with new water. Known as “ಹೊಸ ನೀರು” or “new water”, this custom is a remnant of the days when there was no chemical treatment or filtering of water, and germs could build up in the sediment at the bottom or the algae layer at the edges. So this Ugadi, let’s make an effort to find ways to conserve water.

Here are some ways to prevent water wastage –

Collect the soapy water after washing clothes and use it for cleaning cars and bikes
Implement rain water harvesting system in our house
Do not brush your teeth or shave with a running tap
Use the half flush after urination
Repair any leaking pipe or a dripping water tap regularly
Install automatic motor switch for our overhead tank

Factfile –
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/22-of-Indias-32-big-cities-face-water-crisis/articleshow/22426076.cms
http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/essay/essay-on-water-scarcity-in-india-1113-words/20871/
http://www.indiawaterportal.org/articles/water-scarcity-and-security-india

Image sources & courtesy –
http://www.thedeuters.com/general/ugadi-greetings/

Human Hair Wigs 101 – A Beginner-Friendly Guide

Cscope Staff

April 8, 2024

There is a joyful assortment of human hair wigs to select from! Everybody can find the ideal wig thanks to the wide variety of alternatives available, so you can always feel amazing and self-assured! We’re going to delve deeper and learn more about the realm of human hair wigs today.

How Many Types Are There on Human Hair Wigs?

Lace Frontal Wigs

Lace front wigs make it easy to achieve picture-perfect hairlines! They provide you with a perfect, imperceptible finish with their tiny lace at the front hairline. Knowing that your wig looks remarkably natural gives you the courage to style your hair away from your face.

360 Lace Wigs

Want to look amazing in an elegant updo or a high ponytail? 360 lace wigs are the best option! With the lace covering the full perimeter of these wigs, you may arrange your hair as you’d like and yet seem entirely natural.

Glueless Lace Wigs

Adieu to sloppy adhesives—glueless lace wigs are here! These cleverly constructed wigs can be worn without the need for glue. Instead, they fasten them in place with combs and adjustable straps, guaranteeing a snug and comfortable fit throughout the day.

V Part Wigs

V part wigs are an excellent alternative to U part wigs for people who like a sleek, contemporary style. They have a V-shaped section at the top that separates the hair in a way that seems natural. The wig seems even more genuine thanks to this design, which creates the appearance of a real scalp. V-part wigs are flexible enough to accommodate both leave-out and no-out hairstyles.

Full Lace Wigs

For your hair, these wigs work like magic! Because they are made completely of lace, they have an incredibly natural appearance and can be styled in a variety of ways. These wigs may be parted anywhere on your head, much like your own hair, and the lace looks incredibly natural against your skin, giving the illusion of real hair.

What Are the Advantages of Human Hair Wigs?

Natural Appearance

Since human hair wigs are created from actual human hair, they have an exceptionally natural appearance and feel. Your appearance is authentic since the hair flows and moves like your own.

Flexibility in Design

Wigs made of human hair are flexibly styleable. Heat styling appliances, such straighteners and curling irons, can be used to achieve a variety of looks. Human hair wigs can also be colored or dyed to match your preferred shade.

Long Lasting

Human hair wigs can endure a long period if properly cared for. Its longevity and lack of shedding make it an excellent investment.

Comfort to Wear

Wearing human hair wigs for extended periods of time is comfortable because to its lightweight and breathable nature. To further enhance their comfort and realism, they also resemble a real scalp.

Hairline Natural

With the advancement and modernization of wig goods, a lot of wigs now come with a pre-cut hairline, making the wig wearing process easier. Visit unice.com if you’re interested in purchasing pre-cut, pre-plucked wigs of this type.

Variety of Texture

Straight, wavy, and curly human hair wigs are among the many textures available, so you can select the texture that most closely matches your own choice and style.

Care Tips for Human Hair Wigs

Gently rub human hair wigs with a gentle wash and warm water, being careful not to squeeze or cause friction. Rinse well with warm water.
Apply conditioner made specifically for humna hair wigs evenly, avoiding the roots. Let the conditioner sit for a few minutes, and then give it a good rinse with warm water.
To eliminate extra moisture from human hair wigs, pat them dry with a towel or set them on a wig stand to air dry naturally. A hair dryer that is overheated will harm hair, so stay away from using one.
Store it on a wig stand or mannequin when not in use; keep it out of direct sunlight and away from heat sources.
Use a wig brush or wide-tooth comb to comb through hair, beginning at the ends and moving toward the roots.
To prevent overexposure to heat, apply a heat-protective product before utilizing heat styling products.

Human Hair Wigs vs. Synthetic Wigs

Both synthetic and human hair wigs have special qualities and benefits of their own. The following are the main variations between the two:

Material: The wig’s construction material is the most noticeable distinction. Synthetic wigs are comprised of synthetic fibers, whereas human hair wigs are manufactured from actual human hair. Even with recent improvements, synthetic wigs can still seem less natural and offer fewer style possibilities than human hair wigs.

Durability: Human hair wigs can be groomed using heated equipment and are difficult to tangle or fall off. Due to material issues, synthetic wigs have a limited lifespan, require frequent replacement, and have other drawbacks.

Cost: Given the expense of the materials and the labor-intensive nature of the workmanship involved, human hair wigs are usually more expensive than synthetic wigs. For individuals on a budget, synthetic wigs are a perfect option because they are more reasonably priced.

All things considered, each type of wig has particular advantages of its own, so before choosing one, think about your lifestyle and the way you want to wear and style the wig.

This article will show you that there are plenty of options available for human hair wigs, and it’s not hard to select the ideal wig to fit your preferences and needs. You may confidently choose, use, and care for your human hair wig by using our advice, which will guarantee that it feels and looks amazing for any occasion.

Malai Kulfi : Sweet Memories Revisited

Amit Singh Negi

April 6, 2024

It was about 10:30 PM and we had just finished our dinner. I was back at home from college, enjoying the extra love and affection that I am not much used to. I was engrossed in watching a football match when a loud yell of “Malaaiii Kulfiyaaahhh” caught my attention. I stressed my dormant brain to remember the time when I’d heard the sound before. Almost immediately, I realized that he was the same vendor who used to haunt me and my sister’s sleep when we were kids. His loud yelling stayed with us right from our childhood days to the time I went to NIT Durgapur for my BTech.

Hysterically, I drowned into an ocean of memories, remembering the days when I used to study in the balcony of our house during the nights. Soon, I would doze off due to the magical cold wind. But my peaceful sleep would be interrupted by a loud snap of “Malaiii Kulfiyahh”. God! I hated him so much those days.

Malai-Kulfi-01 — Image – Farshid Ahrestani/Flickr

I even recall my dad going up to him one day and enlightening him about how his loud yelling noise was creating havoc with the sleep of the office-goers and early risers in the colony. Well, this little conversation kept Mr. Guilty-as-charged out of our colony for few days, but he came back again with a much louder voice, to disrupt not only our slumber, but also the love lives of many people around.

These memories had brought a smile on my face. Upon noticing it, my mom asked, “What makes you smile?”. Instead of replying, I smiled even more and asked her if I could buy Malai Kulfi from the vendor. “No! No! It must be unhealthy, God knows what they put into it!” mom replied with prejudice. Disappointed yet unfazed, I asked my dad the same. Even he wasn’t much supportive, but at least he didn’t say a clear ‘No!’, and that was enough for me to disappear.

I walked up to the vendor who was standing at a corner of the street with his bicycle. He was an old man with only few teeth, yet his abnormally long incisors were hanging out of his mouth. A big bag was dangling from the cycle’s handle and a large vessel covered with a red cloth was fixed on its carriage. I asked him about his whereabouts as he prepared Kulfi for me. His name was Ram Kishan and he was selling Malai Kufi for thirty five years. Apart from this, he sold ‘Malai-Makhan’ in winters. To support the business, his family members would cycle thirty kilometers everyday from his home in Dehat region.

His tired old eyes still had a lively spirit in them. He laughed like a baby when I told him how his loud voice had kept me awake during my exams and saved me from flunking. After a little chat, I finally shook hands with him and returned home with the Malai-Kufi and a smile of satisfaction on my face. Dad asked “What happened to you all of a sudden? Why the craving for Kulfi today, when you hardly eat sweet?”

“I don’t know dad. I just wanted to know the man who still sells the same Malai Kulfi. I respect his undying spirit for life and perseverance all these years. It’s so strange that so many sweet memories can be attached to an irritating loud yell of Malaiii Kufiyahh!!” I replied, still in the state of bliss while I could listen a faint yet clear yell of “Malaaii…ii Kulfiya..aahhh’ from somewhere distant.

Malai-Kulfi-02 — Image – Artizone/Flickr

I really wonder if we, the inhabitants of the over-ambitious world today, are able to afford enough free time from our busy schedules to re-live some of those random memories from the past. These memories may be among a few genuine-real moments which we live just for ourselves. They may not be much induced by our relationships, family ties, school or college lives; but they still acquire a big place in the domain of our memories. For instance, I wasn’t really acquainted with the ‘Malai Kulfi’ vendor, but still, those memories were very strong.

Today, we all are tech-addicts in some form or the other. The demons of modernization have plundered us of our very own right of a real existence. Somewhere in the midst of 24*7 internet, gaming, cellphones, gaming devices and long playlists, we’ve drifted away from the real world into a virtual maze. We started to give importance to “Capturing” the moments into images and videos rather than actually “Living” them.

Remember, you can’t capture all the moments, but can surely live them to the fullest. These images and videos stored in your hard drives may be lost eventually, but the memories in your mind will always be there, nestled somewhere deep. One fine day they will come back to revisit you, leaving you with a wide smile.

Dravidian Architecture of Southern India – A Splendid Display of Spirituality

Tasneem Sariya

April 5, 2024

Dravidian-Architecture-01A — Chennakeshava Temple, Belur – Wikimedia

Dravidian architecture is also known as Southern Indian Temple architecture or style. Though the architecture is seen across different structures, temples are the main flag bearers of this style. There are distinct features and characteristics that differentiate most southern Indian temples from the architecture and temples of other parts of India. The Pallava dynasty is believed to play a large role in the establishment and development of this architectural form. However, several other empires and kingdoms have also helped in the evolvement of it, such as the Cholas, Kakatiyas, Vakatakas, Reddis, Rashtrakutas, Chaulakyas and more.

History and Evolution of Dravidian Architecture

The textual references of Southern or Dravidian architecture can be found in the book of Vastu Shastra, specifically under the Manasara shilpa and Mayamata texts. The documentation talks about the construction, design, style and techniques of this architectural form. Common in the states of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Telengana and Tamil Nadu, the Dravidian architecture is best expressed in the temples of these states and regions. Also, since all of these states were at some point ruled by the southern dynasties, the influence of this architectural form is evident across all the temples even across the states.

Some of the earliest temples that fall under Dravidian architecture are the Mandagapattu cave temple built by Pallava king Mahendravarman I, the Panchapandava Cave Temple and Rudra Saleshwaram temple.

Basic Fundamentals of Dravidian Architecture

Before we get into the intricacies of specific distinct features and characteristics of Dravidian architecture, let us understand through an overall view some of its most basic fundamentals.

The Dravidian architecture manifested itself largely in temple constructions. Hence it is but imperative to understand this architectural form by studying the temple features, layouts etc. All these temples are rock-cut or carved from rocks. And hence one can say that rock cut architecture was first seen and practiced in south India.

Also, the use of granite and intricate carvings are another highlight of this architectural form. Another distinct feature of south Indian temples are their Gopurams or entrance towers to the temple. These are beautifully and ornately carved in layered forms, towering in triangular or pyramidal style.

Besides, the architectural aspects, the temples of Southern India, especially from the 8-12th century were centers of not only religious, but also, social and governmental structures.

Characteristics of Dravidian Architecture

The Dravidian architecture has distinct and recognizable features and characteristics. These discernable features stand out architecturally, as well as functionally and aesthetically.

Here is taking a look at some of the most specific features and characteristics that are associated with Dravidian architecture, especially in temples of south India.

The temple is usually has a square or rectangular layout and plan. A high boundary wall is constructed to separate and demarcate the premise.
On the temple grounds, one can find the main temple along with four other subsidiary temples.
The entrance or doorway of the temple is characterized by the stunning gopuram. The gopuram is also usually the tallest element since it signifies the grand entry into the divine realm.
After entering the temple complex through the gopuram, the Mandapa is the next architectural structure. The porch or entrance hall to the temple, the Mandapa is used by devotees as a gathering and congregational place.
The Mandapas also often feature splendidly carved ceiling and pillars. A pillard hall, these along with the gopurams are fascinating examples of the intricacy and skill of the sculptors and artists of those times.
From the pillared hall, one enters the revered sanctum sanctorum or the central focal area of the temple space. The Garbhagriha is where the temple deity and idol is placed. The Garbhigriha was built first, but with time, as the population grew the boundary of the temple were extended. Hence the most recent temples have the highest gopurams that were built later as entrances to the temple complex.
The Dwarapalas, Yakshas and Mithuns are magnificent statues that are found at the entrance of the sanctum or Garbhigriha. They are believed to guard the deity.
Above the Garbhigriha, rises the Vimana. Vimana is the pyramid shaped tower in stepped layers and is decorated with fantastic sculptures and designs. The Vimana is associated with the Meru Mountain and thus the shape, which is believed to be the home of the Gods. The Vimana is an important feature that is unlike the shikhara or tower of the northern Indian temples.
The Shikhara, however, in Dravidian architecture is referred to the crown, octagonal cupola or stupika at the tip of the tower. Besides, several temples also have a tunnel called antarala that connects the pillared or assembly hall to the garbhigriha.
The temple complex also often have a big open courtyard that is used during festivals and managing large crowds.
There are also water bodies, such as ponds and lakes situated within the complex that signify purity and are used for ritualistic bathing.

Classification of Dravidian Temples

Based on the architectural style and layout, the southern temples can broadly be classified into the following.

Caturasra or Kuta are square shaped temple complex layouts.
Rectangular shaped complexes are known as Ayatasra or Shala.
Elephant-backed or Gaja-Prishta are elliptically shaped temple complexes.
Circular temple complexes were called Vritta, whereas, octagonal shaped were known as Ashtasra.

Popular Southern Temples

Here is taking a look at some of the most popular and best known temples of southern India that are famous for their Dravidian architectural styles.

Brihadeshwara Temple is located in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu. On the banks of River Kaveri it was built by Rajaraja Chola and falls under the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Kailashnath Temple in Ellora was built by King Krishna I of the Rashtrakuta dynasty. Built in 760 AD it is dedicated to Lord Shiva.
Meenakshi Temple in Madurai, Tamil Nadu is an iconic and landmark temple representative of Dravidian architecture. It was built in the 11th century by Kulasekara of the Pandya dynasty.
Gangaikonda Temple was built by Rajendra Chola I in the 11th century. The massive Nandi bull is an impressive feature of this temple, located a little away from Thanjavur.
Virupaksha Temple in Hampi bears testimony to the magnificence of the Vijayanagara Empire. This temple was built in the 7th century and is dedicated to Lord Shiva.
Venkateshwara Temple in Tirupati is one of the most popular pilgrimages. Located in Tirumala in Andhra Pradesh, it is dedicated to Lord Vishnu and is also one of the richest temples of India.
Ramanathaswamy Temple in Rameswaram is one of the twelve Jyotirlinga temples. Also, included in the Char Dham Yatras, this temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva.
Airavateswara Temple in Kumbakonam is another example of stunning Dravidian architecture. Also a part of the UNESCO World Heritage List it is popular for its exquisite and intricate stone carvings.

Besides, individual temples, certain towns of southern India are known as temple towns because they are home to several temples. Aihole in Karnataka, is often referred to as the ‘cradle of Hindu rock architecture’. Similarly, Pattadakal is famous for the Sangameshvara Temple, Galganath Temple, Mallikarjuna Temple and more.

Kanchipuram, Chidambaram, Tiruvannamalai, Trichy, Rameswaram, Belur, Vellore etc. are all towns that are home to Dravidian architecture temples.

Temples at Mamallapuram

Mamallapuram or Mahabalipuram in Tamil Nadu is classic example of Dravidian architecture on display. A popular tourist site today, this town was developed by Narasimhavarman I of the Pallava dynasty. Under his guidance and patronage, huge carved temples were constructed from rock and ground stone. It is believed that the dynasty used this town to pursue, experiment and enhance the nuances of Dravidian architecture. Various different techniques and methods were also tried out here on granite rock faces. Today, the splendid display and array of the temples along the shores of Mahabalipura are wonderful examples of the glory, technique and artistry of southern India architecture.

The south Indian temples of Dravidian architecture are centers of religious and spiritual worship. However, historically they have also been centers and symbols of dynastic power. The southern empires have been instrumental in patronizing and believing in this architectural form. These temples thus hold immense historical, cultural and religious significance.

Drip Marketing: Secrets Of Effective Lead Generation

Cscope Staff

April 3, 2024

All About Drip Marketing

Drip marketing is a communication strategy tactic in which regular emails are sent to customers. The result of this kind of communication is the recognition of your name and company’s brand.

It’s such an exciting name. This type of marketing is borrowed from agriculture, where they use drip irrigation: constant and balanced irrigation of crops leads to a good harvest. Letters consist of a chain. They are sent at certain intervals and are timed to coincide with specific events. In this way, the customer is moved along the sales funnel, gradually leading to a purchase or other targeted action planned by the company.

Creating a drip email marketing from your website dashboard is the most convenient way. With this approach, all your business information, reports, and email newsletter data will be centered in one place. If you are looking for a service to handle these tasks, here are the best services:

Gumroad is a widely-used place to sell digital products and services. Now, the service still has an email feature that allows you to collect and store data about potential and existing customers. You can then segment based on numerous features and send updates about your products.
Drip Email Marketing – Selzy is a multifunctional online service designed to organize email newsletters in your email list.
ConvertKit is a service where you can send targeted messages to subscribers based on their interactions with your emails. The system also has standard schemas using which you can quickly create messages tailored to any situation.

Types Of Drip Marketing Campaigns

Drip marketing involves relevant content and email newsletters as a way to connect with subscribers and target customer behaviors and actions.

Types of drip marketing campaigns are:

Association Drops. This campaign aims to form an association with your product in people’s minds. For example, many people associate soda with Coca-Cola.
Educational Drops provide information to the customer about the product’s benefits and advantages to prepare them for a purchase.
Status Changing Drops. This campaign involves various methods to regain customers’ interest in the product.
Competitive Drops. It is designed to turn those who buy products or services from your competitors into your customers. Alternatively, the campaign can be applied when a person compares the features of the same or similar products from different manufacturers. Here, the assignment is to show how your products are better than your competitors.
Promotional Drops. This campaign involves time-limited promotions and offers.
Training Drops. It refers to different courses and online training, submitted as emails that may end with some task. It is possible to achieve a particular result by completing the courses.

Drip marketing involves mailings based on user actions. It allows you to stay in touch with groups of people, such as when a user signs up for an account. Each newsletter is sent from a queue of already-written emails, so there is no need to manually write and send them. Newsletters can even be personalized.

Benefits of the Strategy

When using this outreach method, it should be noted that it is a soft relationship development rather than an aggressive sales pitch. The action builds trust and loyalty. It also keeps customers from forgetting about the brand and guides them through the sales funnel, converting them into customers.

The main benefits of drip marketing campaigns are as follows:

Increased sales. An elaborate drip mailing neatly and unobtrusively promotes the customer through the sales funnel. Letters gradually reveal product benefits or promote content that also promotes the product. “Droplets” nudge customers toward a sale at just the right moment, such as reminding them of an abandoned shopping cart.
Drip mailings simplify the marketer’s job. Because they are automated, marketers don’t have to do routine activities. Their time is freed up for strategies, creative campaigns, and other tasks.
Increased engagement. When a brand reminds you, it communicates with users and builds trust. Audience surveys, soliciting feedback, and reviews make it clear that the brand is ready to hear from customers, and those customers become more willing to respond to the company’s messages. Also, the business better understands the audience’s interests through engagement tools.

How to Set Up a Drip Campaign

You may want to gain new customers or generate brand awareness. Regardless of your aim, you must have a clear goal in mind when developing a drip campaign. Let’s further explore each stage of a drip campaign in a little more detail.

Identify Your Target Audience

Digital marketing is not a one-size-fits-all story; it works best when messages to users are personalized. To make emails more personal, break your target audience into segments – that way, you’ll have an easier time figuring out the main message for each user group.

Plan Your Campaign

At this stage, you should know the purpose of the mailing and what groups of people you’ll be sending it to. But how many emails should you create, and how often should they be sent? You want your audience to be interested and engaged, but you don’t want to annoy them with too much content.

Create Compelling Content

Brands, like people, have personalities. Help your clients recognize and love your project by creating a memorable brand. Determine how you want to communicate with your clients—relaxed or professional, using slang and humor, or strict and businesslike.

Start the Campaign

Once you’ve created the emails and finalized your strategy, it’s time to send them to your audience. Since the process is automated, you only need to set an initial trigger and specify the number of days between emails.

Optimize Your Strategy

As with any good marketing campaign, you should constantly adapt your strategy to improve your results. If a campaign isn’t reaching its goal, you may need to change audience segments, adjust content, or change the timing of emails.

What’s the Most Important Thing about Drip Marketing

Personalization of emails is crucial for the success of drip marketing, so the company needs to get information about the user before launching the mailing. If this is not done, the emails will look like regular mass mailings and the customer may lose interest in them. Another critical factor is the regularity with which the emails are sent. Drip marketing is an essential part of nurturing a lead, and for good growth, customers need to be “watered” constantly. Ensure the emails remind you of the company but are not intrusive.

Male Infertility – Understanding Its Significance in IVF

Cscope Staff

March 27, 2024

In very simple words, Male infertility means a man can’t make a woman pregnant.

It’s often diagnosed when a couple has been actively trying to conceive for at least a year without success. Male infertility symptoms can result from various factors, such as low sperm count, poor sperm motility (movement), abnormal sperm shape, or blockages that prevent the delivery of sperm. As couples seek solutions to fertility challenges, the choice of the best IVF center in Indore plays a pivotal role in shaping their path towards parenthood. Understanding the essential role of male infertility in the IVF process is essential for navigating this path towards achieving the dream of parenthood.

Surprisingly, about 50% infertility couple cases come from male issues, and up to 2% of men have fertility problems.

How Male Infertility Impacts IVF Procedures

When it comes to in vitro fertilisation (IVF), various reasons for male infertility can impact the procedure in several ways.

Firstly, if a man has low sperm count or poor sperm quality, it may be necessary to use techniques like intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) during IVF. With ICSI, a single sperm is injected directly into the egg to facilitate fertilisation, bypassing natural barriers that may prevent sperm from fertilizing the egg on its own.
Secondly, if the male partner’s infertility is severe and there are no viable sperm in the ejaculate, sperm may need to be retrieved directly from the testes or epididymis SURGICALLY. This will involve procedures like testicular sperm extraction (TESE) or percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration (PESA). These retrieved sperm can then be used for IVF with ICSI.

Various Reasons of Male Infertility

Only a comprehensive evaluation by a fertility specialist can help identify underlying causes and develop personalised treatment plans to optimise reproductive outcomes. These could be…

Genetic Factors like inherited genetic abnormalities are among the top Causes of Male Infertility. These may involve alterations in the structure or number of chromosomes, which can affect sperm production, motility, or morphology. Genetic conditions like Klinefelter syndrome, Y chromosome deletions, and cystic fibrosis mutations can interfere with normal reproductive function in males.
Lifestyle Factors or bad choices can exert a significant influence on male fertility. Smoking tobacco, excessive alcohol consumption, and illicit drug use have been linked to decreased sperm quality and quantity. Again, the most common cause of infertility in males, as these substances can disrupt hormone levels and block sperm production.
Hormonal Imbalance is the most common cause of infertility in males. Disruptions in hormonal balance, such as low levels of testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), or luteinising hormone (LH), and also conditions like hypogonadism or pituitary gland disorders can lead to hormonal imbalances and subsequently become top reasons of male infertility.
Environmental Factors like toxic work environment or say exposure to environmental toxins and radiation can adversely affect male reproductive health. Chemicals found in pesticides, plastics, and industrial pollutants, radiation from sources like X-rays or occupational exposure – can disrupt hormonal balance, damage sperm DNA, and hamper sperm function.
Hidden Medical Conditions also can impact male fertility by affecting sperm production, transportation, or ejaculation. For instance, varicocele, a condition characterised by enlarged veins within the scrotum, can lead to elevated testicular temperature, hampering sperm production and quality. Infections, such as sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or urinary tract infections (UTIs), can also damage the reproductive organs and hinder fertility.

How to Diagnose Male Infertility

Causes of Male infertility can be diagnosed through several factors as below:

Semen analysis is a primary diagnostic tool, assessing sperm count, motility, and morphology. Abnormalities in these parameters may indicate infertility issues.
Imaging studies like ultrasound and MRI can reveal structural abnormalities in the reproductive system, such as varicoceles or blockages, which can cause male infertility symptoms.
Genetic testing is crucial for identifying inherited conditions causing male fertility symptoms. These factors are chromosomal abnormalities or genetic mutations impacting sperm production or function.
Hormonal testing evaluates levels of key hormones involved in sperm production, such as testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH), and prolactin. Imbalances in these hormones can disrupt the reproductive process.

Impact of male Infertility on IVF Treatment

Male infertility symptoms can significantly influence in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment outcomes.

Treatment options for causes of male infertility:
When male factor infertility is identified, various treatment options exist, such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and surgical sperm retrieval techniques like testicular sperm extraction (TESE) or epididymal sperm aspiration (TESA). These interventions aim to overcome sperm-related challenges and enhance the chances of successful fertilisation.
Emotional and psychological impact on couple
The diagnosis often triggers feelings of inadequacy, guilt, and stress, leading to strains in the relationship. Couples may experience anxiety about the success of the treatment, fear of judgment from others on reasons of male infertility, and uncertainty about their future as parents. Down below we will discuss how these emotional burdens acan be warded off towards a smooth IVF.

Male Infertility Treatment Options for IVF

For IVF treatment, addressing male fertility concerns can involve various approaches. Let’s break down how each of these can be utilised in two different scenarios:

Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART)
In cases where a man’s sperm count is low or the sperm quality is compromised, ART techniques like Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) can be employed. During ICSI, a single healthy sperm is directly injected into the egg to facilitate fertilisation.Another ART option is sperm retrieval through techniques like testicular sperm extraction (TESE) or percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration (PESA). These methods are suitable for men with obstructive azoospermia, where sperm production is normal but there is a blockage preventing sperm from reaching the ejaculate.
Surgical Interventions like Varicocelectomy & Vasectomy Reversal
Varicocelectomy procedure is performed to correct varicoceles, which are enlarged veins within the scrotum that can affect sperm production and quality. By removing the varicocele, blood flow to the testicles improves, potentially enhancing sperm production and removing causes of male infertility.Vasectomy Reversal is for men who have undergone a vasectomy and now wish to father children, a vasectomy reversal can be performed. During this procedure, the previously cut or blocked vas deferentia is reconnected, allowing sperm to once again travel from the testicles to the ejaculate.

How to Mentally Deal with Male Infertility During IVF Treatment

Couples dealing with male infertility during IVF can take several steps to address the emotional, psychological, and lifestyle factors associated with the process. But even before they take external help, some internal steps are also required:

Manage Stress and Anxiety as a Couple
Open communication between partners is vital. Encouraging honest and supportive dialogue, setting realistic expectations, and acknowledging each other’s feelings can strengthen the couple’s bond and resilience throughout the IVF journey. Also, finding effective stress management techniques, such as hobbies together, going out for dates, mindfulness, meditation, yoga, or deep breathing exercises, can help reduce anxiety levels and promote relaxation.
Support Groups and Counselling
Joining support groups for infertility can provide couples with help in venting out, sharing experiences, concerns, as discussions can offer valuable emotional support. On the other hand, professional counselling, either individually or as a couple, can help navigate the complex emotions via experts’ communication tools, and a safe space to express feelings of grief, frustration, or anxiety.
Lifestyle Changes to Improve Fertility
Couples can focus on maintaining a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats. Regular exercise, within moderation, can help manage weight, reduce stress, and improve overall well-being. Avoiding tobacco, excessive alcohol consumption, and recreational drugs is crucial, as they remove certain causes of male infertility symptoms, and can enhance sperm production and quality.

Summing up, we have tried to share all aspects of understanding male infertility symptoms’ impact on IVF is crucial for couples seeking successful fertility treatment. If you wish to know more you may please write to our experts.

Thriving Thrift Culture in India – Sustainable and Pocket Friendly Fashion

Deba Prasad Nayak

March 26, 2024

Thriving-Thrift-Culture-in-India-01 — Image – Naya Purana

The thrift culture, which is a Western concept is slowly catching up in our country, especially among youths. As a cultural trait and also largely influenced by our tradition religious practices, wearing hand-me-down clothes, and that too those belonging to strangers is looked down upon. But it seems the youths have no qualms about it, so long as they keep up with the Joneses. Thrifting refers to the practice of purchasing pre-owned gently used products, mainly clothing. Thrifting or upcycled products are already used by someone, cleaned, retouched and if needed made necessary changes to it, and sold. These clothes are sold at a comparatively lower price than the original ones. Thrift is more famous among Gen Z. They have their reasons which make sense in today’s world, thrift culture combines fashion and sustainability. This trend is also economical and does not burn a hole in the pocket.

Sustainability

Thrifting seems to be more of an ethical choice. It serves a larger goal such as environmental protection. After a few years of use, the garments end up in landfills or get burned, which is a huge problem for the environment and climate change. The fashion industry produces and sells more than 150 billion garments a year globally, roughly up to 21 articles per human being on this planet, about three in five of these clothing products become a waste within years of production. Most of the clothes these days are made up of materials such as polyester which is a form of plastic. If not managed properly, old clothes that do not biodegrade in a landfill and could remain there for more than 200 years before decomposing, can be a serious threat to our ecosystem and lead to serious damage to our planet in the long run. Thrifting and upcycling serve the purpose here. Second-hand clothes are eco-friendly as it is reused again with little or no modifications, thereby reducing the carbon footprints. The damage caused by the fast fashion industry is a driving force for people to turn to thrifting.

Pocket friendly

This mode of fashion is pocket-friendly. It saves our money. The thrifting culture saw a huge rise during the pandemic when the world was going through economic turmoil. It costs much less than the usual new clothes and provides an ample amount of choices. Fashion got more acceptance in tier 1 cities in India as people over there tend to think twice before spending on fashion due to the high cost of living in those cities. The young generation prefers thrifting due to economic reasons as well, this allows everyone to stick to the current fashion trends without spending much.

Cons of Thrift shopping

The biggest cons of thrift shopping is the non-availability of garments of different sizes. Though the thrift culture is thriving in India, yet the country does not have more offline stores, it largely depends on online stores based on social media platforms. Similarly, as it promotes second-hand clothes, the parent company can file legal suits under different intellectual property rights, which can hamper the business of the retailer. So it is recommended to explore all legal aspects before embarking on this venture. Sometimes old clothes get damaged in the process of upcycling and need to be checked before buying. As it has become a trend among youths, retailers are taking advantage of it and selling it at an elevated price.

Guide to thrift shopping

Thrifting will provide many choices so one should think and decide beforehand as per the need. Second-hand clothes will sometimes not be fit so it is ideal to check sizes before buying. The background of the seller and feedback from the customer must be considered prior buying from any store. Product return policy of the retailer must be enquired enough for easy return and exchange in case of damaged products.

Due to the change in mind set, thrifting has been accepted by the Indians which once used to be a taboo. Thrift stores are available in both online and offline mode with the former being more popular in India. Unlike other Western countries, where thrift shopping is quite a norm and there are large stores dedicated to it, the concept is relatively new in India. Most Indians would rather not be seen buying offline, what is called second-hand stuff, the fashion industry is thriving in social media and online platforms. Looking at the demands, offline thrifting has already come up in tier-1 cities. Thrift culture has revolutionized the fashion industry and Indian homes. Thrifting will continue to thrive and it should for the best interest of people and the environment.

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