Benefits of Rudraksha – Insight Into the Significance of Magical Beed

September 15, 2021

The Rudraksha Mala and its significance have been prevalent in India and the world for a long time now. Lord Shiva is the central figure for the symbolic representation of the Rudraksha. The idyllic portrayal of Shiva is incomplete without a Rudraksha mala around his neck and arms. The round beads of dark brown or black colour complement every Sadhus and Sanyasi in India.

The Rudraksha Mala worn by people in the present days has become a representative of spiritual life. Men, women, and children of not just Indian origin but of other ethnic groups are seen sporting it. People who desire a peaceful and spiritual life are keen on wearing these beads because of their scientific and mystic qualities.

In this article today, let us get an insight into the significance of the Rudraksha. We will look into the details of it, starting from its origin, spiritual essence, and benefits of Rudraksha.

What is the Rudraksha?

Rudraksha is a seed of the Elaeocarpus ganitrus tree. In India, the tree is found in the Himalayan region. The altitude, climate, and soil of the Himalayan region aids in the development of the tree. Unfortunately, trees are rare in India at present. The Elaecarpus Ganitrus trees were used for making railway sleepers; as a result, few of them remain today.

The Himalayan region grows the best quality of it. Some of these trees can be found in the Western Ghats of South India, but they are not of that high quality. Apart from India, Nepal, Thailand, Indonesia, and Burma have the tree.

Rudraksha and its Relation to Lord Shiva

The outer husk of the Rudraksha seed is blue when it is fully ripe. This causes the seeds to be also known as blueberry seeds. The blue colour connects the Rudraksha with Lord Shiva. Shiva is also known as Neelkanth. To benefit all living beings, Lord Shiva drank a deadly poison. The poison turned his body and throat blue, hence the name.

Another significant mythical origin of the Rudraksha tree is also in connection with Lord Shiva. It was believed that the tree grew out of Lord Shiva’s tears that fell on the ground. ‘Rudra’ is another name of Lord Shiva. The meaning of the name stands for the one who dissolves all pain and misery. Etymologically, Rudra is the conjunction of two words. ‘Rud’ means ‘to cry’, and ‘Ra’ is the light of divine consciousness. Together it stands for the tears of joy one feels when experiencing divinity.

Benefits of the Rudraksha

Now that we know about the origin of the Rudraksha let us learn about the various benefits it contains. It has both scientific and spiritual assistance.

1. Scientific Benefits

Scientific Benefits of Rudraksha — Image – Wikimedia Commons

Many people have health issues because of the fast-paced life we live. By focusing more on our work and studies, health takes a back seat and is forsaken. Diabetes, heart problems, insomnia, depression, hypertension, and many more diseases are common among people. Medicine does indeed play a significant role in monitoring these problems. But scientific research also proves that wearing the Rudraksha does have its significance from which people can benefit.

Modern research shows that a Rudraksha seed has electromagnetic properties. Following are some of the proven scientific benefits of it-

2. Magnetic Benefits

Magnetic Benefits of Rudraksha — Image – Wikimedia Commons

The electromagnetic property of the Rudraksha helps in stimulating a proper flow in our body. The veins or arteries with some kind of blockage can benefit from the Rudraksha and its magnetic property. It aids in maintaining an even blood flow, removes toxins from the body, and even lessens body pains. All these make it have an anti-ageing benefit for our body.

3. Anti-inflammatory Benefits

Anti-inflammatory Benefits of Rudraksha — Image – Wikimedia Commons

The practise of soaking the Rudraksha mala in water overnight and drinking that water first thing in the morning is common in India. Many people of the older generation still indulge in this habit. Research shows that the Rudraksha soaked water has a rich content of Vitamin C. The anti-inflammatory property of the beads helps people grow their immunity. This way, people can curb many diseases and maintain a healthy life.

4. Monitoring Heart Functions

Monitoring Benefits of Rudraksha — Image – Wikimedia Commons

A healthy heart means a healthy body. Our machine-like body needs monitoring from time to time for it to function correctly. Our body’s system must have a regular and even flow without any difficulties. The different body parts connect and maintain the machine, our body, to be in a working condition. The Rudraksha bead has a calming and stabilizing effect. When there is any kind of problem in the proper circulation of the flow, it helps by exerting the right amount of force to our heart. This, in turn, stabilizes the heart and improves its performance. This helps in preventing heart attacks and high blood pressure.

5. Spiritual Benefits

Spiritual Benefits of Rudraksha — Image – Wikimedia Commons

Along with the scientific benefits, the spiritual gifts of the Rudraksha helps people to have a balanced life. Anxiety, depression, insomnia are all results of too many thoughts ricocheting in our minds. Our mind is also under pressure and worries, just like our body undergoes wear and tear. The mind also requires proper monitoring for us to be mentally healthy. Wearing it can help us find that semblance.

Before going into the spiritual benefits, we first need to know the different kinds of Rudraksha seed and their importance. It is available in different mukhis or faces. There are nearly 21 mukhis of the Rudraksha. Each face has its value and purpose. Ascetics advise that before wearing any Rudraksha, one should take some spiritual consultancy and find out which Mukhi is suitable according to their characteristics. Whether to wear Ek Mukhi or Panchmukhi Rudraksha varies from person to person.

The Ek Mukhi Rudraksha is thought to make one isolate themselves from others. Without adequately knowing its significance, a person wearing Ek Mukhi Rudraksha can end up alone, distanced from their close ones. The Panchmukhi Rudraksha is the safest and convenient for all. The Panchmukhi is famous for its power of maintaining overall wellbeing, health, concentration, regulation of blood flow, and more. The other forms of mukhis have their respective benefits and potency.

Following are a few of the spiritual benefits of it that one may attain after wearing them.

6. Effective Personality

Benefits of Rudraksha - Effective personality — Image – Pixabay

Individuals have different personalities. Each of us has some dominant and some submissive traits. Depending on what we would like to achieve, what kind of trait we want to manifest in ourselves, a Rudraksha can help us accordingly. Rudraksha and its mukhis have strong behavioural effects on us. With proper guidance and research, one must select the appropriate mukhi before wearing it. This will help in building an influential personality.

7. Optimism

Benefits of Rudraksha - Optimism — Image – Wikimedia Commons

The spiritual benefit of optimism is another scientifically proven fact about Rudraksha. The Rudraksha has qualities that help influence positive energy in the person wearing it. Scientific study shows that Rudraksha has a dielectric effect. This means that it has qualities that help store excessive good or bad energy one feels. Due to stress and other emotions, people tend to generate negative and positive energy. This energy may further lead to diseases like hypertension, anxiety, and more. It acts as a stabilizer and balances our emotions. A balmy effect, the beads can help one exert positivity in themselves even during extreme stress.

8. Identifier of purity and impurity

Benefits of Rudraksha - Identifier of purity and impurity — Image – Wikimedia Commons

Rudraksha can help identify pure and impure food or water. It is said that if a Rudraksha is held above any food or water, it can help know whether it is edible or not. Before consuming the food or water, carry a Rudraksha above it. If it moves in a clockwise direction, it means the food or water is pure. If the bead moves in an anti-clockwise direction, it means it is impure and must not be consumed.

Some More Facts About Rudraksha

A traditional Rudraksha mala contains 108 plus one bead. The extra bead is called the ‘bindu’. A Rudraksha mala must always have a bindu or else the energy will become cyclical. Sensitive people may become dizzy wearing a mala without the bindu.
Adults must not wear less than 84 plus one beads’ mala.
It helps people feel safe and protect them in uncertain situations and has properties that help create a cocoon from negative energy.
It helps in alerting a person and activating their senses.

The benefits of Rudraksha are therefore extremely powerful and effective. With science agreeing to its powers, it can indeed help people have more balance in their lives.

Nirkaaya – A Message of Peace Through Music

Tasneem Sariya

September 14, 2021

The significance of peace is universal. No matter who you are or where you from, peace is the one goal that we all strive towards. Whether its inner peace or harmony in the world, everybody hopes to find the tranquility of a peaceful existence.

There are several ways and means to find and seek peace. One of them is through music. Music is the rhythm of the soul that brings a calm, a sense of being and a purpose to the listener, as well as the musician. One such duo who is trying to heal and spread the message of peace through their collective and collaborative music is Sandeep Narayan and Tao Issaro.

Nirkaaya – A musical collaboration

‘Nirkaaya’ is a genre bending musical collaboration between Indian classical vocalist Sandeep Narayan and Percussionist/Composer Tao Issaro. The work is centred on a South Indian classical composition known as ‘Purvi Tillana’, which Sandeep and Tao combine with powerful and driving electronic accompaniment. The track is set to release on 21st September 2021, to raise awareness of ‘International Day of Peace’.

Nirkaaya – The power to heal

The International Day of Peace is observed across the world on 21st September every year. The UN has declared this day towards strengthening the ideals of peace, by observing 24 hours of non-violence and cease fire.

The past year and a half has thrown a huge challenge that the world is still learning to cope with. The pandemic along with the several other social and political turmoil across the world often bring in more bad news than positive vibes. Sandeep Narayan and Tao Issaro hope that their music will inspire a peaceful attitude that is centered on hope and mindfulness. Through their collaboration they hope that they can inspire for creativity to flourish and urge people to think about how to help each other. The idea is to understand that now more than ever, is the time for collectively stimulating and stirring a sense of togetherness.

Sandeep Narayan

Sandeep Narayan and Carnatic music go a long way. His initially training begun under the tutelage of his mother, also a Carnatic music teacher Smt. Shubha Narayan. Sandeep relocated from Los Angeles to Chennai to concentrate on his music and was trained under the renowned maestro Calcutta KS Krishnamurthy. He became one of his youngest disciples and trained under Sri Sanjay Subrahmanya later.

Sandeep has toured over the different locations accompanied by leading artists for concerts and performances. His combined upbringing in the USA and India helps him to strike a chord and bridge the gap between cultures.

Tao Issaro

Tao Issaro is an Indian/Australian percussionist and composer, based in Western Australia and Kerala, South India. He was born into the ‘Daksha Sheth Dance Company’ and has been performing since he was nine years old. He has over 3000 performances across 30 countries and has developed a style dynamic performance language that combines percussion, movement, storytelling, physical theatre and more.

Together, Sandeep and Tao bring Nirkaaya a musical rendition and composition that showases the best of each. As both the worlds collide to create music with a message of peace, do not miss it on its release this September! On the occasion and for the want of peace this musical creation will leave you wanting more.

Culture of Nagaland – Exploring the Fascinating Tradition, Art, Music, Food and Festivals

Rucha Katekar

September 14, 2021

Culture of Nagaland — Image – Roderick Eime/Flickr

The 7 sisters of India are a priceless gift to the Indian subcontinent. With beautiful valleys, rolling hills, thundering waterfalls, and pacifying flora, the entire North-eastern part of India is known for its stellar natural beauty and the invaluable natural resources that it shelters.

Nagaland, likewise, is a gem waiting to be unearthed. Famously known as ‘The Land of Tribes‘, Nagaland has developed a striking yet mysterious image in our minds. Learning about a new culture is always a thrilling activity; the new knowledge and stories that we gain are immeasurable, don’t you agree? And although there are parts and regions of Nagaland of which even scientists are unaware, let us try to understand the culture and traditions in place, in this mysterious land.

Nagaland, as you probably are aware, is a mountainous state in the Northeastern part of India. The diversity found in this region is particularly staggering due to the large number of tribes that inhibit a major part of the state. It is said that each tribe in Nagaland has its own set of beliefs and customs which are exclusive to them. Every tribe also celebrates its festivals which, consequently, gave birth to the term ‘Land of Festivals’. Therefore, it is no wonder that the exuberance of Nagaland largely lies in its people. According to statistics, there are about 66 tribes and sub-tribes in Nagaland, out of which most are known to practice Christianity. Hinduism, Jainism, and other religions, while are prevalent are present in minorities.

Background of the Nagas

Culture of Nagaland-Head Hunting — Skulls collected while Head-Hunting as trophies/David Stanley/Flickr

The serene and welcoming demeanor of the tribes of Nagaland is contrasted by their strong and athletic background. Almost all of the tribes are famous for their rigid code of conduct and tribal traditions. These ancient warriors highly value loyalty and physical prowess. In the earlier times, several tribes would raid other villages and head-hunting was a common sport (although most of these traditions are now abolished).

Religion in Nagaland

According to statistics, there are about 66 tribes and sub-tribes in Nagaland, out of which most are known to practice Christianity. Hinduism, Jainism, and other religions, while prevalent, is present in minorities.

Architecture in Nagaland

Nagaland-Architecture — Image/Carsten ten Brink/Flickr

Being situated in difficult terrain with severe cold, the Nagas have to improvise to make the perfect shelter for themselves. Even today, these people make use of the vernacular style of architecture to suit the needs of the weather. They do this by inculcating sturdy natural resources like wood, thatch, timber, and bamboo in their houses. Technically speaking, the use of Sema architecture is particularly extensive in Nagaland. This essentially consists of houses built in a rectangular fashion with high and sloping rooftops. This method is particularly useful in keeping the cold out.

Food Culture of Nagaland

The cuisine of Nagaland is probably one of the most unique cuisines in India. With a ton of spices, a boatload of delicious meat and a multitude of herbs to accompany, the cuisine of Nagaland is a pleasant surprise for us. This cuisine is distinctly known for steaming their food instead of frying. They use fish or pork meat in almost all of their dishes which provides them an excellent source of protein. Some common dishes consumed in Nagaland include smoked pork, Silkworm larvae, and snails along with a side of pork. A true non-vegetarian’s paradise, indeed!

Festivities in Nagaland

Nagaland has been associated with celebrations for the longest time. The zeal and enthusiasm that you’ll find here, I doubt you’ll notice elsewhere. With a reverent culture of guest hospitality and a joyous environment, Nagaland has a vast treasury of diversity bringing forward a plethora of remarkable festivities and fairs. Apart from celebrating generic festivals such as Christmas, tribal festivals such as Bushu, Moatsu Mong, and Yemshe are considered to be especially popular amongst the locals. Read more about Festivals of Nagaland Here

Language of Nagaland

There are numerous languages spoken in Nagaland. Although the majority of the people converse in Nagamese, each region in this diverse state is blessed with its language. Like many other languages spoken in Nagaland, Nagamese too does not have a written script. Moreover, there is high use of Sanskrit words in their local dialects as well. Although English is the official state language, it is only spoken in educated circles. Hindi is uncommon and less prevalent.

Matrimonial Culture in Nagaland

Moving on to another important aspect of the Nagas which form a dominant part of their identity is the marriage culture. All over India, every region has its ways to celebrate the union of two souls and Nagaland is no different. Although somewhat diverse, the marriage customs in Nagaland are highly interesting and each tribe has its rituals to follow. For instance, the members of the Angami tribe announce the fate of the couple by strangling the neck of a fowl. The posture in which the dead bird lies is said to mirror the fate of the couple. Therefore, if the bird lies in an inauspicious posture, the marriage would not be accepted and vice-versa.

Another splendid example is the Mongsen tribe. The customs of this tribe stipulate that after getting engaged to one another, the bride and groom are sent on a trading expedition to a distant land. If and only the couple return on time with a considerable profit in hand, the marriage is sanctioned. In another tribe, the groom is expected to pay a price for the bride. A reverse-dowry, if you will. (Unlike the dowry system in the other parts of India) The number of such elaborate customs in the matrimonial part of Nagaland’s culture runs up to thousands.

Traditional Dress of Nagaland

We’ve all seen several images and perceptions of what the tribal folk looks like in movies. And while most of them are highly presumptuous, usually none of them are accurate. The tribes of Nagaland take great pride in their identity. The way they dress, carry themselves, and even their traditional dance screams of a distinctive style which most of us, unfortunately, are unaware of. The Nagas specifically are regarded for portraying their lineage through their attire.

Nagaland-Traditional Dress — Image/Wikimedia

The Naga men wear beautiful red headgear. The conical headgear is studded with the canine teeth of a boar and the feathers of a Hornbill. Also, the famous shawl that the members of a tribe don are indicative of the person’s social status in the society. In addition to this, the bright tattoos and jewelry that they wear mark them apart from each other. If you think that this is impressive, wait till you read about the folk dance and music of this magnificent state.

The Folk Dances and Music of Nagaland

Music and dance are tightly embedded in the culture of Nagaland. Witnessing the folk dances of these indigenous tribes is an opportunity of a lifetime; and if you ever get the chance, I suggest you do not miss it. The folk dances of Nagaland are performed in large groups. They expertly synchronize the dance with the folk music/song of the tribe and make the performance a showstopper. The use of various instruments such as Mouth Organ, Flute, Drums, and others are extensively seen throughout the performance. The joyous music accompanied by the energetic and graceful movements of the dancers is highly contagious. There is no doubt that you’ll strive to savor every moment of the day. After all, the zeal and enthusiasm of these tribal dancers are not seen often.

Art and Craft of Nagaland

Most of the population in Nagaland are cultivators, however, their craftsmanship is no less spectacular. If you visit Nagaland, make sure that you get your hands on the exquisite jewelry and metalwork found there. The state is known for its iron and brass ornaments such as anklets, armlets, and earrings. They also make use of colorful beads to make the most superb neckpieces. Apart from this, if you’re someone who isn’t moved by mainstream fashion, worry not! The tribes in Nagaland produce the most alluring and unique shoulder bags, shawls, and dresses to suit your fashion needs. Each year, numerous tourists are awestruck by these crafts and get several of these for themselves or as souvenirs. You’re sure to be impressed by such delicate craftsmanship!

One cannot stress enough how fabulous Nagaland is. A dream come true for nature lovers and a blessing in disguise for the traveler, Nagaland has a reputation as a remarkable destination for a grand friend’s trip or even for a refreshing solo trip. A rejuvenating experience such as this one is truly hard to find, and with all that this state has to provide, you’ll enjoy every second of your time.

Culture of Lakshadweep : Exploring the Traditions, Art, Music, Festivals

Debangan Mishra

September 13, 2021

The name ‘Lakshadweep’ translates to ‘a hundred thousand islands’. Though the number of islands in the archipelago is thirty-six, each one of these islands has lakhs of treasures to offer. This union territory remains relatively an unknown tourist destination among Indians and foreigners alike, and only a limited number of tourists are allowed into certain islands. Yet, they successfully captivate the hearts of all the visitors. Lakshadweep shares many similarities with the state of Kerala, including the language, Malayalam. The majority of Lakshadweep speak this language. Yet it has many cultural factors that make the island territory unique.

Historical Background of Lakshadweep

Historical Background: The islands of Lakshadweep have a long history of human habitation and trade connections with various civilizations. Over the centuries, the islands came under the influence of different dynasties, including the Cheras, Cholas, and the Kolathiris of Kerala.
Colonial Era: During the 16th century, European colonial powers, primarily the Portuguese and later the Dutch, arrived in the region and established trade relations. However, the islands ultimately fell under the control of the British East India Company in the 17th century.
Merger with India: After India gained independence from British colonial rule in 1947, the question of Lakshadweep’s status arose. In 1956, the States Reorganization Act was passed, which reorganized the Indian states based on linguistic and administrative considerations. As part of this act, Lakshadweep, then under the administrative control of the Madras Presidency, was incorporated into the newly formed state of Kerala.
Union Territory Status: In 1956, Lakshadweep was designated as a Union Territory, distinct from Kerala, and came under the direct administration of the central government of India. The Union Territory status provided the islands with a separate administrative framework and ensured their representation in the Indian political system.
Administration: Lakshadweep is currently administered by an Administrator appointed by the President of India. The Union Territory has a local government known as the Lakshadweep Administration, which is responsible for the day-to-day governance and development of the islands.

Languages of Lakshadweep

As to the 1681 census, 11 languages as stated in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution are spoken as the mother tongue in Lakshadweep. Of which the prominent ones are Malayalam and Mahl, spoken by the people of Minicoy. The migrants who work within the Union territory also speak Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Kannada, Oriya, Tamil, Telegu, Konkani, Urdu and English.

The scripts that are used on the islands are Minicoy and the modern Malayalam Grandha. The oldest script on the islands is Vattezhuthu. The Arabic script has become prominent among the people with the arrival of Islam, particularly for studying the Qur’an.

Traditional Dress of Lakshadweep

Lakshadweep’s traditional dress is a true example of beauty in simplicity. Although the dress reflects the links to the southern states of the country, the influences of Islamic, Portuguese, and mainland Indian cultures are unique. The traditional dress of the women is the Kachi which is a garb similar to the lungi and is typically black or white. They also wear long headdresses, called Thattam. Jewelry is a must for Laccadivian women. The men are typically seen wearing lungis but the younger generations have transitioned into western outfits like shorts and trousers. Minicoy islands have distinct cultural features as compared to the rest of the islands. The traditional garbs vary according to the social class they belong to. In the Minicoy, only the Manikfans women wear gold ornaments.

Cuisine of Lakshadweep

As one would expect from any island tourist spot in the tropics, Lakshadweep’s food is marked by heavy usage of seafood and coconuts. Tuna fish dishes are quite common in the local restaurants, including dishes like the famous red tuna curry, Rayereha, and white coconut tuna, Sannath. Similarities with Kerala’s Malabar culture are evident in the local cuisine which also consists of dishes like Parotta and Malabar Chicken. The Mus Kavaab and Maasu Podichath are popular fish dishes, while fish pakoras are fan-favorite street food in Minicoy.

Music and Dance of Lakshadweep

Lakshadweep is known for its wonderful tradition of dance and music. Parichakali is a popular form of dance in most of the islands, which is performed by men using wooden swords and shields. This dance form attempts to reenact Islamic tales of mighty battles fought in the days of yore. The dancers begin with a slow pace but they soon catch on to a quick tempo reaching the energetic climax which truly reminds the spectators of the valor of soldiers.

Another dance form in the islands is Kolkali, which is also performed in the nearby state of Kerala. The Kolkali dancers accompany their dance with the rhythm of the beating of wooden sticks. The Minicoy islands of Lakshadweep have their unique dance form, named Lava. The practitioners of these dance forms make their performance extra special with unique songs. Other music practices of the union territory are heavily influenced by the sister state of Kerala and are a reminder of Hazrat Ubaidullah, who introduced Islam in the islands. Marriages in Lakshadweep are beautiful with the guests enjoying melodious bridal music, the Oppana.

Festivals of Lakshadweep

Lakshadweep-Festival — Image-Mehr News Agency/Wikimedia

Like any part of India, Lakshadweep has numerous festivals unique to it. The majority of the citizens of Lakshadweep follow Islam making traditional Muslim festivals like Muharram and Eid. After fasting during the holy month of Ramadan, the Laccadivians celebrate Eid-Ul-Fitr with great pomp and joy. The devotees begin the day with prayers in the mosques and the sermons are followed by distributing and feasting on local delicacies. Muharram is one of the holiest months of the Islamic Calendar and marks the religion’s New Year. The residents of the islands commemorate Muharram with reverence and grief as the event also marks the killing of the prophet’s grandson, Imam Husain, in Karbala. The Laccadivians celebrate the arrival of Prophet Mohammad on earth on the day of Milad-Un-Nabi with sweets and perfumes. Bakrid is another major festival marked by the sacrificial offering of a goat or ‘bakri’.

Traditional Crafts of Lakshadweep

Lakshadweep-Crafts — Image-Thejas/Flickr

Being very close to the coast, traditional handicrafts and art forms of the islands tend to be centered around the products of the sea- seashells, tortoise shells, or coconuts. The seashell necklace is quite popular among tourists and is made from the vast variety of seashells collected in and around the beaches of the islands. On the other hand, coconuts are used to make walking sticks. People of Lakshadweep love color, as is visible from their dress and cheerful personality. This love for a colorful life is mirrored in their crafts too.

Occupation of Lakshadweep

Lakshadweep-Occupation — Image-Shafeeq Thamarassery/Wikimedia

The life of Lakshadweep’s natives is intertwined with the sea. People engage in occupations like fishing, coconut crops, and coconut coir twining which contribute majorly to its economy. Tourism in the islands is developing slowly but surely. As one might guess, boat making is also practiced in the islands. Some of the other prominent industries include vinegar and jaggery production, tuna fishing, and masonry.

Tourism in Lakshadweep

For beach lovers, adventure fans and eco-tourists, Lakshadweep is an alluring attraction. Clear, untarnished water makes it a nice and ideal place for diving and other activities. Here you can explore marine life by scuba diving with excellent underwater visibility. The islands of Lakshadweep provide lovely shallow lagoons excellent for snorkelling and viewing exotic marine life. The Lakshadweep Islands are a paradise for all those who adore water sports that include yachting, swimming, skiing, scuba diving, kayaking, windsurfing and paddling.

The several islands here include Agatti Island, Kadmat Island, Kavaratti Islands, Kalpeni Island, Bangaram Island and Minicoy Island. The islands are connected to the mainland by ships, helicopters, Air India, mechanised vessels etc. From Cochin, you may access islands such as Agatti and Bangaram by boat and plane. Speed ferry connections exist between Agatti, Kadmath and Kavaratti. Developed infrastructure is in place across all the islands to satisfy tourism needs.

Lesser Known Dance Forms of India You Might’ve Missed

Somya Goel

September 9, 2021

India is a country with the most thriving culture in the world. Dance is one such way of depicting this vast yet unified cultural victory of the country. Occasions and weddings are incomplete without dance. From northern hills to the longest coast of the south, from deserts of west to the highest rain-stricken forests of the east, dance(s) abound all across the country. There are about 144 folk dances present and performed in India at present. However, very few come up to our tongues when talking about the folk dances of the country. There are many other dance forms yet in search of recognition.

Many dance forms are overlooked in the herd of the newly emerging or newly hyped dance forms. Here is a list of ten such lesser known dance forms of India that you might’ve missed on. Let’s dig in! The dance forms mentioned in this list include the folk dances and the cultural or tribal dances prevalent in various parts of the country.

Gaur Maria Dance of Madhya Pradesh

Lesser-Known-Dance-Forms-of-India - Gaur Maria — Image – Wikimedia commons

Also known as Bison Dance, the Gaur Maria dance is a prevalent dance form in Madhya Pradesh. The tribal-originated dance form symbolized the hunting spirit of the ancient humans. Bamboo stocks and bison horns make up essential props used in this dance. The male dancers put on cowries’ headdresses while female dancers are adorned with bead necklaces, tattoos, and brass fillet ornaments. Beating drums and tossing horns and feathers of the dancer’s head-gear are the essential and initial steps in this dance. Tallaguda Marias tribe of South Bastar still performs this dance with enthusiasm at fests and functions like marriage.

Chhau Dance of West Bengal

Lesser-Known-Dance-Forms-of-India - Chhau dance — Image – Wikimedia commons

The tribal Chhau dance is still performed in hilly forested areas of Jharkhand, West Bengal, and Orissa. The dance showcases the Veer Ras, with roots in martial arts. The dance form initially developed as a way of martial arts training. This rare dance form of India adopted the principles of Acharya Bharat’s Nrityashastra. Besides this, the element and connection of Hindu mythology are also evident. The war dance shows reverence to Shaivism, Shaktism, and Vaishnavism and enacts stories of various Hindu epics, including Mahabharata and Ramayana. According to more recent trends, the dance form is directly related to the spring festival Chaitra Parva.

Chakyar Koothu of Kerala

Lesser-Known-Dance-Forms-of-India-Chakyar-Koothu — Image – Saundarya Srinivasan

Facial expressions and hand gestures play a significant role in this fold dance. The traditional dance form of Kerala was a primary dance form in temple theatres by the Chakyar community. The headdress worn by the performer represents the thousand-headed serpent- Anantha. It renders mythological stories in the most elegant manner. The two main instruments used in this dance form are Mizhavu and a pair of Ilathalam. The performance carries on with the performers narrating stories from Puranas, spurred with humour and wit. Performed by a single person, it is regarded as one of the most refined monologues.

Phag Dance of Haryana

Lesser-Known-Dance-Forms-of-India - Phag Dance Form — Image – India Heritage Desk/Facebook

Haryana’s traditional agriculture folk dance, the Phag dance, is predominant in February and March. Also called Phalun dance, the dance brings joy and leisure to the farmers in the state. It celebrates the harvest of the agriculturalists in the state. The performers sing the traditional song “Phagan Aaya re rang Bhara re”. Mesmerizing feet tapping steps follow them. The rhythmic beats of Daph, Nagara, and Dholak make the performance even more cheerful.

Sattriya of Assam

Lesser-Known-Dance-Forms-of-India - Sattriya — Image – Ramesh Lalwani / Flickr

Known as Dashabtar in many parts of the country, this folk dance of Assam was founded by Srimanta Sankaradeva. The Sattriya dance made its way among the top classical dances of India in 2000. The dance form demonstrates neo-Vaishnavism. The male dancing style of Sattriya is called Paurashik Bhangi, while Stri Bhangi is the name given to the female version. Along with this, the dance form involves 48 types of movements. Khols, Taals, and Flute form the basic instrument set used in the dance form.

Kalbelia of Rajasthani

Lesser-Known-Dance-Forms-of-India - Kalbelia — Image – Wikimedia commons

In 2010, UNESCO recognized the Kalbelia dance form as an intangible cultural heritage. Yet, the dance form makes its way in this list of lesser known dance forms of India as the onset of ‘ghungroos’ and jazz tarnished the popularity of this dance form. The tribal Rajasthani dance form represents the serpent movement with a sheer conscience. The songs were used to disseminate the ancient mythological stories of the tribe Kalbeiya. Although the dance performance is mainly by women, men accompany them with instruments- khanjari and poongi.

Choliya of Uttarakhand

Lesser-Known-Dance-Forms-of-India- Choliya — Image – Wikimedia commons

The traditional folk dance of Uttarakhand originated in the Kumaon region of the state. ‘Sword Dance’ is another name for this dance form. This name suggests its ties with the Rajput community. The dance depicts the Veera Ras. Like the Chhau dance, Choliya dance too is related to the martial traditions. The dance form is still alive in the Rajput practices. A Rajput wedding in the Kumaon region is incomplete without the performance of the Choliya dance. The song played along with this dance consist of rhythmic beats from brass instruments like Turi and Ransing and percussion instruments like dhol and damau. According to elders, this dance casts away the evil spirits and blooms the seed of goodness.

Bacha Nagma of Kashmir

Lesser-Known-Dance-Forms-of-India-Bacha-Nagma — Image Manzoor Ahmad Mir/FB

A pride dance of the valley of Kashmir, Bacha Nagma is a loud and colourful dance form. The historical essence of the dance form lies in its origination. The dance form originated years ago to celebrate the harvest season. The leading dancing group consists of young boys dressed in traditional women’s clothes. The Hafiza dance form highly influences the dance steps. Persian literary ideas also inspire the songs used.

Cheraw Dance of Mizoram

Lesser-Known-Dance-Forms-of-India - Cheraw Dance Form — Image – Wikimedia commons

This dance form is a part of the Mizo culture for ages. It is the traditional bamboo dance of Mizoram. Historically, the communities performed this dance to pay respect to the mothers who die during childbirth. It is a performance in the form of a prayer to ensure a safe path to the heavens for the mother’s soul. The two horizontally placed bamboo staves play the first role in the performance. The female dancers perform steps between the bamboos while the male counterparts rhythmically hold the bamboo staves. The Cheraw dance form even got its name inscribed in the Guinness Book of World Records in 2010.

Dhangari Gaja of Maharashtra

Lesser-Known-Dance-Forms-of-India Dhangari-Gaja — Image – Upendra Yadav/FB

Last on our list is the religious dance form of Maharashtra. The communities perform Dhangari Gaja to please God Biruba. The dance form is appreciably famous among the shepherd, pastoralists, and weaver’s community in the Sholapur district. Poetry accompanies the dance performance. The poems are called Ovi, written in awe of nature by the communities mentioned above. Attired in traditional Marathi dress, the dance form showcases the Maharashtrian roots of the dance form. The dance performance is to pray for the happy and healthy life of their cattle.

Besides these, there are many more dance forms that we often overlook. Owing to India’s regional and cultural diversity, there is an endless list of cultural affluents in the country. Folk and tribal dance forms make up a large part of these cultural affairs. Although, the government and the public are constantly trying to revive the near-extinct dance forms of respective cultures. Youth has a considerable contribution in this pursuit. Documentaries like Bharat Kishore and NGOs like Rupayan Sanstha form a part of the efforts.

Kathputlis of Rajasthan – A True Cultural Asset of India

Eesani Dey

September 8, 2021

Kathputlis of Rajasthan - Features 2 — Image – Sumeet Jain / Flickr

Puppet shows have been a source of entertainment for children and adults. In the Indian context, puppets and puppet shows have a distinct touch of tradition and culture. It is the state of Rajasthan from where the Indian form of puppets, Kathputlis, are famous worldwide.

Kathputlis of Rajasthan are vibrant-looking wooden puppets that have their tale of history dating back to the times of the Royals. Kathputli is regionally, nationally, and globally known for its unique beauty from its form, clothes, to theme. The puppet, the puppet maker, and the puppeteers all have their distinct roles in defining the establishment of Kathputlis.

Here we will talk about the etymology, history, themes, and other qualities of Kathputlis that make it so popular.

Etymology of Kathputlis of Rajasthan

Kathputlis of Rajasthan - Etymology — Image – Rishabh Mathur / Flickr

The amalgamation of two colloquial terms forms the term Kathputli. ‘Kath’ means wood, and ‘Putli’ means doll. Together they define wooden dolls. The Kathputlis colloquial name also adds to its charm.

History of Kathputlis of Rajasthan

Kathputlis of Rajasthan - History — Image – Wikimedia commons

Kathputlis have been an essential part of the social life of Rajasthan. The Kathputlis reference can be found in some Rajasthani folk songs, folk tales, ballads. Historians and Scholars have traced the origin around 1500 years ago in the tribal Bhat community of Rajasthan. It is through the hands of the Bhat community puppeteers that Kathputlis got its traditional flavour. Kathputlis still holds its place as a cultural asset of India because of its authentic representation of heritage.

Folk tales and folk stories are the basis of the tradition of Kathputlis. Folk tales convey the story of ancient tribal people- their lifestyle, culture, and beliefs. The inspiration of the tribal people’s hard work to sustain their art gave the Kathputlis its authentic traditional flavour. The Kathputli art is believed to have its origin in the present-day Nagaur and surrounding areas.

In the old days, the Bhat community lived a nomadic lifestyle. During the dry season, they would travel and perform Kathputli shows for the Royal and noble families of Rajasthan. Later, they went back to their village during the rainy season to cultivate the crops. The Royals and Nobles gave a lot of favour to the Bhat community. These patrons took care of the artists in return for them singing their praises and performing shows in their honour.

It was for the aristocrats’ favour and the locals’ genuine interest in seeing their shows that the Bhat community was able to establish their art. It is also one of the reasons that this art is still surviving the test of time.

Themes of the Kathputli Shows

Kathputlis of Rajasthan - Theme — Image – Wikimedia commons

Given the Royals and Nobles’ favour, the themes of the shows were usually about the aristocrats. There are epic themes of the great deeds of the kings and their ancestors. Some even had praises of the then-present royals; the pieces had an illustrious touch.

The performances also have themes of the tradition of the tribal community and their lifestyle. Ordinary folks also enjoy these shows because of characters like snake charmers, peasants, and other everyday characters relatable to them. Daily anecdotes of rural life are also enjoyable to the audiences.

The ‘Kathputli waalas’, the puppeteers of the Bhat community, were agricultural labours. The people viewed their representation of the struggle to survive their art with genuine interest across the social scale. Even today, Kathputli performances in the nook and corners of Rajasthan have stories ranging from Royalties to ordinary peasants, and people enjoy the shows because of their rich cultural context.

Structure of Kathputlis of Rajasthan

In the light of its etymological origin, Kathputlis are wooden dancing dolls. They are usually within a height range of 1.5 to 2 feet. But it is not just the wooden structure that makes Kathputlis such a famous doll. A lot of craftsmanship goes into the making of beauty.

The most important aspect of making the Kathputlis is attaching the strings in the right places. The strings are a vital part of the marionette Kathputlis. It allows the puppeteer to control the movements of the dolls during the performance. The length of the string is quite long. Even the quality of the string is essential. The string needs to have good strength to not break in the middle of a show. The strings are attached after the doll is ready.

The dolls, as characters of common or royal men, have legs. Dolls representing common or royal women do not have any legs in their structure. Depending on what other character the beauty is, a horse rider or a snake charmer, the craftsmen make the rest of the body accordingly. Over the wooden frame of the upper body, it is stuffed with cotton to help define it. The rest is taken care of by the clothing and accessories of the doll.

Features of Rajasthan Kathputlis

Kathputlis of Rajasthan - Features — Image – Pxfuel

The wooden structure of the doll undergoes a lot of detailed processing. Features like the eyes, nose, and mouth are carved out with extra attention. The Kathputlis have distinguishing big eyes and noses. The puppet makers carve the eyes and nose with their hands. They also need to ensure that the surface is smooth for later painting the details on them. If the doll is a man, a big black moustache is quintessential to complete the traditional look.

Cloths of Rajasthan Kathputlis

Kathputlis of Rajasthan - cloth 2 — Image – Kandukuru Nagarjun / Flickr

To cover the frame of the wooden structure, the dolls wear colourful dresses. Apart from the gender normative dress style, a lehenga for women and dhoti for men, all the dolls are in bright clothes. The dolls of the Rajasthan wear traditional clothes, bandhani and sequential attire. In vibrant red, yellow, orange, blue, and others, the dolls can catch your eyes from a distance.

Accessories of Rajasthan Kathputlis

In the traditional Rajasthani attire, there are certain accessories to pair with their dresses.

In the case of a woman, a dupatta, heavy pieces of jewellery, and big bangles are common while for a man, a colourful Rajasthani turban and traditional chappals, mojaris, are necessary.

The Kathputlis, according to their gender, are given the requisite accessories. Depending on the character the doll plays, an accompanying horse or pungi is attached to the figure. A horse defines the doll to be a warrior. A pungi, a wind instrument, describes the doll as a snake charmer.

Music of Rajasthan Kathputlis

A traditional folk tale is not complete without any traditional music. The Kathputli shows represent the authentic tribal community or in honour of the artisans’ patrons. Rajasthani folk music and instruments are a common accompaniment during the performances.

The puppeteers sing aloud the songs and their accompanying artists give the up-beat rhythm of the music. A dholak and a reed-like bamboo instrument are the minimalists yet defining accompaniments of the performances.

In contemporary times, the Kathputli shows are a symbol of the heritage of culture and tradition. At one time, the performances were an essential feature of every social gathering. Now it is a part of a local tour across the state of Rajasthan.

Artisans of the present time, descendants of the original Kathputliwaala community, try to keep the tradition of these dolls alive. Tourists who visit the state of Rajasthan usually bring back a pair of Kathputli, a man and woman, as a souvenir of the state. More than as a part of a live performance, the dolls are also objects of home décor. At present, the dolls are produced in bulk in the cities of Jodhpur and Udaipur, where the performances are still a part of daily life.

Despite the changing time and introduction of other forms of arts, Kathputlis are a part of the traditional culture of Rajasthan, like the Ghoomar dance of the state. The rustic qualities of the Kathputlis of Rajasthan make it famous worldwide.

Silks of Northeast India Truly a Treasure and Pride of the Nation

Eesani Dey

September 7, 2021

Northeast India is home to one of India’s vast ecosystems, tradition, culture, and hub of the indigenous clothing industry. Travellers and locals of the Northeast know that the natural spectrum of the states is one of their defining features. Another outstanding feature is that Northeast India is an abode for silk.

Silks-of-Northeast-India — Image – Pxfuel

Silks authentic to the Northeast are woven into some indigenous clothes of the country. Also, some trendy types of sarees are born out of the skilful works of the locals of the states. The Northeast silk works have some influences from Bengal. But what makes the majority of the silk work of the place authentic is its inspiration from the abundant nature at their disposal.

Here, we will talk about the silks found indigenously in the Northeast, the types of sarees the silks result in, and some unique features found in the works of the Northeast sarees and silks.

Silks of Northeast India

Northeast India - Intro — Image – Pxfuel

Sericulture has been a part of India for a long time. Northeast, one of the enormous biodiversity of the country, has its unique Seri-biodiversity. The sericulture has overall had a significant impact in the Northeast. From nurturing nature to improving the economy, the region has become a hub for some unique silks that are primitive.

Assam is the gateway to the Northeast. The indigenous silks of Assam have been in production since time immemorial. Sual Kuchi is now the hub of the Assam silk industry.

Here are some of the results of the skilful sericulture of Northeast India-

Eri Silk

Eri silk is one of the most traditional silks of the Northeast, particularly in Assam and Meghalaya and has a unique characteristic. It is born out of the Samia ricini caterpillar. While extracting the cocoon does not kill the silkworm. This gives the Eri silk the name of Peace Silk.

The silkworm takes 30 days to grow into its actual size. It primarily feeds on castor leaves. Once it achieves its complete form, it spins the silk in its cocoon for another 15 days. At last, the silk is processed when the moth leaves the cocoon.

The tribal and rural women of the region carry out the processing, spinning, and weaving of the silk. The dye given to the silk is also natural, staying true to the ilk of the silk.

The final product of the silk, Eri clothes, has been a part of the daily life of the natives of the Northeast. It’s fine qualities like the durability, comfort of cotton, the warmth of wool together make the Eri silk a preferred choice. The Eri clothes get softer with every use.

The natural qualities of the Eri silk, along with the texturing of the cloth, have made it pride of the Northeast. The popularity of this silk requires a lot of production. Bihar and Uttar Pradesh also produce this silk now.

Muga Silk

Also known as the Golden Treasure of Assam, Muga silk is another authentic silk of the Northeast. The silk from the Antheraea Assamensis silkworm results in the Muga silk. The worm is endemic to Assam. The silkworm finds nourishment from Som, and Soalu leaves. The resulting silk has durability and is of a glossy texture.

Historically, Muga silk was first achieved during the Ahom dynasty (1228-1826). The Ahom kings wore Muga silk resulting in Muga as the royal silk. As a symbol of the most acceptable local offering, the royal visitors were given Muga silk. It was then that Muga culture became popular and an integral part of the economic and social lives of the state.

Muga silk has been given the Geographical Indication status since 2007. The Assam Science Technology and Environmental Council is the production unit of authentic Muga silk. This further supports the claim of Muga silk being a symbol of Northeast India.

The naturally glossy and golden silk is attractive in itself. The artistic skill of embroidery and zari work adds more texture and colour to the final product. The quality of the silk is so fine that it often outlives its owner, making it an excellent costly investment. Like the Eri silk, Muga silk also improves with every wash. Be it in the form of a saree or Muga Mekhela Chador; the Muga silk is the choice of many locals and visitors of the state. It’s fine texture and natural shine make it an eye-catching choice as a souvenir for tourists.

Pat Silk

Pat silk, also known as the Mulberry silk, is another indigenous silk of Assam. The larvae of the Pat silkworms, Bombyx textor, prefer the mulberry leaves, resulting in the name.

The natural colour of the silk is either brilliant white or off-white. The silk has a glossy tint and is durable. The final products of the silk can be in the form of a saree, mekhela, shawls, and much more. One of the unique features of the clothes of this silk is that they can dry in the shadows.

The Pat silk clothes have a white base with subtle or vibrant colours. Given its natural white colour, the final result of the garments preserves its naturality with a minimalist addition of patterns.

Each state of the Northeast has a style of saree typical to their region. Assam being the hub of sericulture, its silks have a significant contribution in inspiring clothing across India. The individual states of India give the silks a touch unique to their place. But if you want to get a hold of an authentic North-eastern saree, a Muga silk saree or a Mekhela is what you should get.

Mekhela Silk

Northeast India - mekhela saree — Image – Facebook

Mekhela is a traditional garment of the Assamese women. It is an article about two-piece clothing. A blouse of similar colour and texture is worn with the Mekhela these days.

The bottom part of the clothing is the Mekhela. It is a round-fit skirt of the length of the waist till the ankle. There is a petticoat beneath the Mekhela, and there are pleats in the Mekhela skirt.

The other part of the attire consists of the Mekhela Chador. The Mekhela Chador covers the upper portion of the body. One end of the Mekhela Chador is inside the Mekhela skirt, and the other end is left open like the end of a saree pallu.

The Mekhela Chador is of interest to many. Either the Muga, Eri, or Pat silk forms the Mekhela Chador. The Muga silk’s golden and glossy texture is a more popular choice of silk for the Mekhela Chador. The patterns and designs on the Mekhela Chador are unique. The artistic skills of the clothing are very prominent.

This traditional clothing has become very popular nationally and globally. Many contemporary designers try their hand at a modern adaptation of the Mekhela Chador. But the highlighting feature of the clothing is always its natural shine and texture.

Features of the Northeast Silk Saree

Features-of-the-North-East-Saree — Image – Assam S Silk Cloth/FB

So far, we have got to know the natural elements of the silks of the Northeast that make it so popular. But there is one particular feature that is unique to the works of the Northeast silk sarees.

As we all know Northeast is abundant with nature and has a rich biodiversity. The usual designs of flowers, animals, and geometric patterns are standard in sarees across the nation. But it is only in the sarees of the Northeast where a Rhinoceros is woven as a decorative motif. Indeed, genuine pride of the region, North-eastern sarees prove to be a perfect mix of nature and man’s skill.

Housing is one of the biggest sericulture of the country, and the Northeast is truly a treasure and pride of the nation. An abode of silk, Northeast India has given a wide array of natural and humane artworks. The clothes resulting from the silks of Northeast India are worth each penny. The hard work of the textile industry labours and the natural quality of the silks make it a sought-after choice of clothing.

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Exploring the Magnificent Architecture of Madhya Pradesh

Somya Goel

September 6, 2021

Architecture of Madhya Pradesh — Image – Wikimedia commons

Located at the heart of India, Madhya Pradesh has had sheer importance for various dynasties throughout history. Culturally viewed, Madhya Pradesh has four zones, each with cultural and traditional identities. These are- Bundelkhand, Baghelkhand, Malwa, and Nirmar. From temples to fortresses to cave paintings to masjids to stupas, the state of Madhya Pradesh has never failed in showing its marvellous grandeur. One can find various architecture styles in Madhya Pradesh. Subsequently, the architectural styles vary from Islamic styles to European styles, including Indo-Islamic and Rajput techniques.

There are even some features unique to the state. Let’s have a look in detail.

Vernacular Architecture of Madhya Pradesh

Vernacular architecture refers to the indigenous, environment-oriented settlement architectural styles. This aspect reflects the brawn of tribal culture and folk traditions in the state. Madhya Pradesh is home to almost 46 Scheduled Tribes, with nearly one-fifth of its population categorized under the tribal people. Time and again, the tribes have remarkably represented the vernacular architecture of Madhya Pradesh in their textile and other creations.

The vernacular architecture of Madhya Pradesh includes tribal styles of making houses, pucca, semi-pucca, and kuchcha. The material used to construct homes includes mud, bamboo, and bricks. The linear patterns on mud walls, sloping roofs, and space (courtyard) are pretty common in the houses. ‘Bayara’ refers to the empty lot or area left in the homes.

Ancient architecture of Madhya Pradesh

Sanchi Stupa

Sanchi Stupa, one of the oldest monuments established in the state, was constructed under the ruler Ashoka (265 to 238 BCE). In addition, it is one of the oldest Buddhist mounds built in India. Sanchi Stupa, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is located near the capital city of Bhopal. Sanchi Stupa is one of the largest stupas in India, with 54 feet X 120 feet dimensions.

The three chhatris, along with a large pillar at the centre, adorn the dome constructed over the relics of Lord Buddha. The ceremonial gates and the surrounding railing show scenes from Buddhist Jataka stories and Buddha’s life.

Khujraho Temples

Built by the Chandela kings during the 9th to the mid- 11th century, the Khajuraho group of temples is one of the greatest marvels in the state and the country. Representing the Nagara-style of architecture, the temples manifest expertise in sculptures chiselled on the temple walls. At the same time, following the Vastu-Purusha-Mandala design plan of the Hindu religion, the temples show excess use of sandstone. Besides this, the directional positioning of the Mandapa, Garbhagriya, and Antarala is also a noted feature.

The ancient texts suggest that the group included almost 85 temples in the 12th century. However, only 25 temples stand intact today. Facing destruction under Muslim rule from the 13th to 18th century, most temples witnessed great devastation and neglect until rediscovered by the British surveyor, T.S. Brunt, in the 1830s.

Gwalior Fort

Built-in the 6th century, the Gwalior Fort is the ‘pearl amongst fortresses in India. The striking feature of this fort lies in the digit zero (0) found in the architectural designs in the temples within the fort. Hathi Pul and Badalgarh Pul, the two gates of the fort, bag all the tourist attractions here. Today, the light shows and music performances act as a charm for the defence. The fort houses various palaces, out of which Man Mandir palace and Gujari Palace are the most popular ones. There are also various Buddhist and Jain temples within the fort.

Malwa Sultanate Architecture of Madhya Pradesh

Chaman Mahal

As the name suggests, the Garden Palace (Chaman Mahal)’s glory lies in its beautiful garden. The palace situated in Bhopal is a Mughal and Malwa-style architectural monument built with sandstone. In 1715, the ruler established this court for the Afghan commander Dost Mohammad Khan. Within the Chaman Mahal, the Sheesh Mahal has 12 entrance doors adorned with beautiful Bengali-influenced drooping eaves. The central park has marvellous and aesthetic fountains.

Jahaz Mahal of Mandu

Sultan Ghiyas ud-Din-Khalji commissioned the construction of this palace. Treated as a harem, the mahal is a rectangular-shaped, two-storey structure. Between two artificial lakes, the palace’s location makes it appear floating on water, hence, living up to its name. English texts refer to the court as ‘Ship Palace’.

Mughal Architecture of Madhya Pradesh

Chanderi Fort

Located in the district of Ashokanagar, southwest of the Betwa River, The Chanderi fort is one of the best surviving Mughal forts in the state. Nonetheless, the Mughals only rebuilt the regiment. Built on a hill, the fortification walls surround and protect the fort. The glamour of the fort lies in its three gates. First, The Khooni Darwaza, the main entrance door, holds the history of sheer cruelty and violence. Called the ‘gate painted in blood’, Mughal nobles used the door to throw criminals in the chamber beneath. Second, Kati Ghati is a 59 meter long, 12 meters broad, and 24.6-meter-high gate adorned with sloping towers. The third and the highest gate of the fort is the Hawa Paur. Also, there is a masjid, carved with intrinsic mihrabs and verses from the Quran, built at the fort’s entrance.

Ashrafi Mahal

Built by Hoshang Shah between 1405 to 1422, the Ashrafi Mahal was an Islamic college (madrasa). However, later, Mahmud Khilji converted the fort’s northwest tower into a seven-storey victory tower. Built-in Redstone, the building is as high as 150 feet. The balconies of the mahal, constructed over a marble string course, show delineation of the stages.

Indo-Islamic architecture of Madhya Pradesh

Jahangir Mahal

The stone monument built by Bir Singh Deo in the 17th century is one of the most spectacular monuments of the Orchha. The main reason to make the palace was to welcome the Mughal emperor Jahangir to the town of Orchha. Built-in Mughal and Rajput architectural styles, the large three-storey castle has beautiful hanging balconies, delicate chattris and trellis, and a large fountain at the centre. The two elephant statues at the entrance get all the attention of the tourists.

Datia Mahal

Built-in 1614, the Datia Mahal is one of the most exceptional Indo-Islamic architecture in India. With the multi-storeyed open chambers surrounding the central courtyard, the palace gives an aesthetic Rajput-style feel. The pillars and corridors depict ordinal designs. The embellished ceiling of the Persian carpets gives it as much Mughal architectural fells as well. The windows are unique, showing mashrabiya style, enclosed with latticed wood screens, engraved with beautiful motif designs.

Colonial architecture of Madhya Pradesh

Jai Vilas Palace of Gwalior

Sir Micheal Filose built this architectural marvel of the 19th century under the reign of Maharajadhiraja Shrimant Jayajirao Scindia. The palace shows a perfect blend of European architectural details. The first storey shows the Tuscan style, while the second storey of the court shows the Italian Doric style, and finally, the third storey depicts the detailed Corinthian architecture.

The Durban Hall, decorated with gilt and gold furnishing, topped with colossal royalist carpet and massive chandeliers, attracts the most attention. The chandelier is the heaviest in Asia.

Church of Pachmarhi

Built in 1875, in the Madhya Pradesh hill station, Pachmarhi, the Protestant Church is the most remarkable example of colonial architecture. The evident use of the Gothic style of architecture makes it worth including on your travel list to Bhopal. The ribbed dome, twelve stained glass panes, and exceptional ceiling make the red sandstone structure fascinating. The church opens for visitors only on Sunday.

Conclusion

Architecture of MP - Bhimbetka Rock shelter — Image – Wikimedia commons

Other than the architectural marvels mentioned above, Madhya Pradesh is one of the most underrated repositories of architectural marvels. Here, we can find wonders dating back to the Palaeolithic period, for instance, the Bhimbetka Rock shelter, one of the oldest surviving historical buffs on Indian land. The list of monuments ranges from monuments built in the different periods, from ancient, to medieval, to colonial to contemporary. Architecture and monuments also represent various religions, Hindu, Muslim, Jainism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and Christianity. The architectural styles in Madhya Pradesh represent the whole history of the subcontinent as well as the diversity in the history of India.

Culture of Kashmir : Exploring the Vibrant Tradition, Art, Music, Food and Festivals

Avni Chadha

September 3, 2021

The rich and fascinating culture of Kashmir is famous throughout the globe. The people, arts, crafts, theatre, literature, dances, music and so much more greatly contribute to the height of the Kashmiri Culture. Furthermore, known for its diversity due to the blend of various cultures and religions there. Its rich history is the cherry on top that only adds to the aura of the place.

Kashmiri People and Origin

The inhabitants of Kashmir are commonly referred to as Kashmiris who are ethnically linguistic faction. The indigenous populace of Kashmir usually lives in crowds in the areas of Pakistan, Northern Punjab, and Potohar. The influences of the Sanskrit dialect can be noticed in their local speech as you travel to different parts of Kashmir. The culture also seems to be heavily impacted by Central Asian and Persian beliefs. The various aspects of the culture of Kashmir as discussed below form an important part of the Kashmiri ethos. Kashmiri culture is predominantly practiced by the populace who live in the Kashmir and Dodab valleys. Furthermore, the valley is renowned for its fine arts, consisting of customarily indigenous boats/houseboats, handicrafts, and literature.

Traditional Dresses of Jammu & Kashmir

Culture of Kashmir Traditional Dresses — Image/Wikimedia

A specialty of Kashmir has to be the vibrant costumes of the region. The women of Kashmir look gorgeous dressed in traditional clothing paired off with exquisite jewelry such as necklaces, armlets, earrings as well as nose rings. Furthermore, they also wear loose salwar kameez to escape the summer heat. On the other hand, men wear kurta pajamas, shalwars, and skullcaps. During the winter, the people look elegant in Pheran which is a long overcoat that is beautifully ornamented with patches and embroidery work. The fabric they wear largely depends on the weather and they ordinarily wear loose gowns. Additionally, men and women also wear skullcaps and headgear respectively. Women generally cover both their shoulders and head out of respect for elders. These traditional dresses of Kashmir truly represent the breathtaking culture of the region.

Dance and Music of Kashmir

Culture of Kashmir Music and Dances — Image/Ramesh Lalwani/Flickr

When talking about the dance and harmonies of Kashmir, the words that come to mind are elegant and magnificent. The joyous festivals there are marked by, of course, music and dance which even attracts the tourists to join in on the excitement. Throughout the region of Kashmir, a wide range of dance forms can be witnessed that are executed based upon the occasion that they mark, for instance, a prominent dance form here is the infamous Mask dance that is executed on the occasion of the Hemis Festival, a popular festival of Kashmir. Another allure of these dances is the bright and vibrant attire paired off with truly exquisite jewelry. Some other prominent dances of the place are Chakri, Rouf, Bhand Pather, Hafiza, Kud, and Bacha Nagma. The folk music of Kashmir will force anyone to start tapping their feet, especially to the lively Rabab Music. Apart from that, instrumental music is quite prevalent in Kashmir and therefore common melodies that can be heard are the Sitar, Dumru, and Nagara. Apart from that, the music that accompanies festive occasions such as celebrations, parties, and weddings is mainly Wanwun, Ghazals, Choral as well as Sufi.

Kashmiri Cuisine

Culture of Kashmir - Cuisine — Image/Wikimedia

Kashmir offers truly delicious cuisine that includes both vegetarian and non-vegetarian delicacies for this is a place that caters to all and these delicious dishes will leave you wanting more. Some infamous non-vegetarian dishes are the Kashmiri Kebab, Pasanda, Syun Alu, Yakhni, and Methi Keema and therefore it’s every meat-lover’s delight. But vegetarians need not worry because there are myriad dishes available for them, such as Rajmah, Shree Pulao, Ladyar Tsaman, and Nadir Yakhaen. These flavorful dishes are prepared by utilizing fresh vegetables and paneer, to make it all the more delicious. Kashmir is an amazing destination for anyone like me who loves desserts. You absolutely must try out delicacies such as sevaiyaan, phirni, barfi, Kashmiri Aloo Dum and many more that will truly make your day. Kashmiris are known for their hospitality and they greet their guests with some refreshing hot tea and Kahwa. Another dish that is a staple to the household of Kashmir is its very own pulao. Additionally, Hak or Karam is a dish that is a favorite in the region and is specially prepared during cold winter evenings to provide warmth.

Festivals of Kashmir

Culture of Kashmir-Festivals — Image/Sandeepa Chetan/Flickr

The culturally rich Kashmir is a land of festivals where everyone comes together and celebrates with zeal and enthusiasm. It’s well-known that Jammu and Kashmir possess an exemplary heritage and culture which is beautifully brought out by the festivals of the region. Eid-ul-Fitr, Lohri, Tulip Festival, Holi, Shikara Festival, Hemis festival, Gurez Festival, and Sindu Darshan are few festivals here that are celebrated with the utmost fervor. These festivals customarily mark an auspicious occasion and have their origins in mythology. These festivals are a must to attend because of their joyous nature, everywhere around you, you can observe the native inhabitants dancing, singing, eating delicious cuisine with their family dressed in traditional clothing, and tourists shopping for handicrafts. Furthermore, Bahu Mela, Jhiri Mela, and Craft, and many more are great to encompass the beauty of the local culture.

Arts and Crafts of Kashmir

Culture of Kashmir-Art — Image/Wikimedia

Kashmir is a prominent center for mesmerizing arts and crafts with its handicrafts industry particularly blossoming. Kashmir is practically synonymous with pashmina shawls that are well-known for their texture and amazing quality. They are particularly renowned for their softness and the warmth they provide. These shawls are furthermore a symbol of royalty. Another prominent craft of Kashmir is the hand-knotted rugs as well as wool rugs that possess floral patterns. Additionally, some lovely handicrafts of Kashmir include paper mache, wicker, carved walnut furniture, and silverware. The government of Kashmir has also invested in the arts and crafts of the place for they serve as a major tourist attraction. If one ever visits Kashmir, one simply must buy the intricate handicrafts as a souvenir.

Architecture of Kashmir

The Jhelum River was the only means of transport initially which resulted in the creation of ghats as a transport landing point and a range of residences with wooden balconies and complex gridwork evolved along the canals and riverfronts.

Because the economy of Kashmir is largely dependent on agriculture and the combined activities, the cities, especially Srinagar, never had the wealth to undertake a significant urban reconstruction. Therefore, the image of the towns of Kashmir remains the same as they were 300 years ago, and the wood constructions with roofing are reminiscent of the medieval European towns that live in culture and customs while maintaining the essence of ancient Kashmir for generations.

The traditional buildings are of two sorts, based on the plan- square plan and linear plan with windows on both sides, as the symmetry is the main principle for earthquake-resistance structures and the arrangement of the function within. Each residence has a Zoon Dub or a roof-top balcony to view the moon (zoon). The balconies and wing panels are designed like jhumkas and have magnificent Pinjera Kari works. The roofs of interiors have khatamband woodwork, faux ceilings with intertwined geometric shapes of Persian arts and consist of walnuts or deodars with apparent carpentry.

Traditional dwellings in Kashmir are separated into two categories: Taq building and Dhajji Dewari. Dhajji Dewari is made of wooden frames and trusses filled with flat stones and bricks and is carefully packed into gaps of mud or lime mortar with stone flowers in the remaining gaps. Taq is another method of building which in Srinagar is widespread. A Taq building can stand an earthquake and is high on numerous floors. The walls consist of a combination of scrap metal and brick or sun-dried bricks placed in thick mud mortars at regular intervals with load-bearing piers.

As technology has progressed, Kashmir’s lifestyle has also evolved, architecture has also changed. Their dwellings are currently created using advanced technology and cement substitutes for mud and iron for wood. The traditional construction skills are decreasing and non-indigenous cement constructions are being replaced. The traditional shrines, such as the Naqschband Saheb, Dastgir Sahib, etc., are unique examples of vernacular architecture in Kashmir. Most heritage buildings were turned into government offices and other structures were demolished totally, such as the 150 years old Maharaj Gunj dispensary which was classified as a heritage building by the Department of Archives, Archeology and Museum.

Tourism of Kashmir

In Jammu and Kashmir, one can never run out of locations to explore. The region is full of scenic views, wonderful flora, magnificent architecture. There are picturesque homestays and eco-friendly resorts to select from. Those with a thrilling mind will find a multiplicity of activities that await them. Finally, the countless religious sanctuaries show tourists the road to calm and tranquillity, if they are spiritually inclined.

The Himalayas are famous for their natural beauty and their gentleness, with their Pir Panjal and Karakoram mountains. The most stunning mountain peaks, glaciers, wonderful monasteries, blue lakes, rivers, woods, green wilderness, and high pine trees are all around Jammu and Kashmir. Amarnath and Vaishno Devi draw a significant number of pilgrims each year since sports like skiing, golfing, trekking, river rafting, paragliding and camping are all about the journey to Jammu and Kashmir. Some of the state’s notable attractions are Dal Lake, Kashmir Valley, Khardung La Pass, Gulmarg, Shalimar Bagh. In their memories, one will always remember the incomparable beauty and attractiveness of the state and the amicability of its people.

Languages of Kashmir

Kashmiri, Dogri, Hindi, English, and Urdu are the official languages of Jammu and Kashmir.

Kashmiri, with about 9 million speakers is the most widely spoken language in all of J&K. The Dardic language is also one of 22 scheduled languages according to the Indian Constitution and is the only Dardic language that has the status of an official language. In the valley of Chenab, it is the most common language. Kashmiri also has a major influence of Persian especially in vocabulary while being among the most conservative Indo-Aryan languages.

Gilgiti, Kohistani Shina, Guresi, Drassi and Broksat belong to the dialects of Shina. In much of Gilgit-Baltistan Khowar is spoken.

The most diverse groups of languages are the Pahari languages spoken throughout the entire J&K region. Pahari is a collective name given by outsiders because speakers of these languages are generally located in largely hilly parts of the country. These languages are locally known by a variety of dialects. Bhaderwahi, Padri, Ponchi, Mirpuri, Parmi or Pahari (Karnah) are several different Pahari languages.

Tibetan languages are languages that belong to the Sino-Tibetan family. J&K speaks many Tibetan languages and falls within the Balti-Ladakhi category or the ancient western Tibetan. Ladakhi or Bhoti or Bodhi, Balti, Purgi and Zangskari are among these.

Dogri has about three million speakers. It is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the plains of Jammu or in Duggerdesh, in the J&K region. Jammu city has a Dogra majority, the second biggest city in the whole of J&K. Unfortunately, the language has declined considerably despite its official position.

Two languages of the Iranian language family, Pashto and Wakhi (Gilgit-Baltistan), are spoken in J&K.

In scattered areas, Gojri is spoken across J&K. It’s mainly spoken by Bakerwals and Gujjar. Many Gujjars, however, do not all speak Gojri as local languages but identify and embrace the Gojri culture.

The Kashmir valley and Pakistan governed Kashmir speak and understand Urdu. Urdu was acknowledged in 1889 as J&K’s state and official language. For around three centuries, before Urdu, Persian was Kashmir’s official language. The land, revenue, courts and even FIRs in Urdu are recorded on all official records in Kashmir.

Occupations of Kashmir

Most of the Jammu and Kashmir people are mostly occupied by agriculture. Jammu and Kashmir also are the country’s largest fruit producers, because its soil is highly fertile and compatible with fruit growing, such as apples, apricots, cherries and nuts, almonds and walnuts. The Kashmir valley is the sole saffron-producing location in the country. Most farmers participate both in sericulture and in supplementary revenues. Many people participate in the tourism sector since there are a lot of stunning tourist locations.

Religions in Kashmir

In various sections of Jammu and Kashmir, three main faiths are visibly prevalent. Islam obviously dominates the Kashmir Valley in terms of the entire population and thus the valley is full of Muslim inhabitants. Besides that, Hinduism and Buddhism also form major parts of Kashmir’s religions. Buddhist adherents live in Jammu and Kashmir’s Ladakh district.

The culture of Kashmir deserves true admiration and the traditions of the region as well its various specialties reflect the beautiful culture of Kashmir and we must do our best to preserve it. Don’t forget to comment below about your favorite part of Kashmir!

Top 10 budget Friendly Holiday Destinations in India

Cscope Staff

September 2, 2021

Vacation, such an exciting term isn’t it? The course of planning and deciding on the destination of travel and planning out itineraries is exhilarating as it is. And a great deal of traveling is to budget the expenses. You need to have an idea about the place you are traveling to, accommodation and food expenses, cost of flight ticket booking and activity expenses. These factors have a lot of effect on how your vacation will turn out and whether or not you can experience everything you have planned.

There are many extravagant destinations around the world and even in India; these destinations, although very beautiful and mesmerizing, will burn a hole in your savings account. So why not choose those places that will give you both beautiful memories and will also go easy on your account. If you are looking for such destinations in India, you have stumbled upon the right page.

Here is a list of the ten most budget friendly holiday destinations in India.

1. Goa

Let’s kick start with this super affordable destination which is known as the land of beaches in India. This is the most visited affordable getaway by Indians because of how cheap it is to get there and also the accommodations start from a low price of ₹500 per night. You can stay at beach side hotels and resorts that are so affordable that you can stay in a single room all by yourself even if you are in a group.

2. Pondicherry

This once ‘French colonized’ region attracts thousands of visitors yearly. Places like paradise beach, Auroville and Aurobindo beach are some of the attractions pulling in wanderers from around the globe and also because it offers very affordable lodging and food. A one night stay here will cost you around 300-500 Indian rupee; that is if you are looking for a budget stay.

3. Darjeeling

The land of aromatic tea plantations and estate, Darjeeling is a beautiful hill station in the state of west Bengal. Not only will you save up a ton when you are here but you will also be captivated by the sight of the mighty Kanchenjunga overlooking the city. The cost of accommodation starts from ₹800 per night and the cost of food for two will cost you around ₹300.

4. Kanyakumari

budget friendly travel destinations in India, Kanyakumari — Image – Aleksandr Zykov/Flickr

You cannot talk about affordable destinations in India and not mention Kanyakumari, The Southernmost Tip. This place will entice you and excite you and also go easy on your wallet. The union of the Arabian Sea with the Bay of Bengal and the Indian Ocean is enough to leave you spell bound. The minimum cost of accommodation per night will cost you around ₹800 and food for a person will round up to ₹200.

5. Maval

budget Friendly Holiday Destinations in India, Maval — Image – Solarisgirl/Flickr

This budget destination in Maharashtra is an adventure getaway for all you thrills seeking adrenaline junkies. The place is ideal for camping and water sports, waterfalls to trek to and lakes to entice your senses. The minimum cost of accommodation is around ₹1000 per night which you can obviously share with a friend and same goes for its eastern Indian cuisine and street food.

6. Pushkar

budget friendly travel destinations in India, Rajasthan — Pushkar Fair – Koshy Koshy via Flickr

This religious destination in the region of Rajasthan should be a ‘must visit destination’ in your quest for a budget friendly destination in India. The town is laidback and houses the famous Jagatpita Brahma Mandir built to honor Lord Brahma. The total ambience of the town is very chill and gives you an escape from your daily hectic lives. October to March is the perfect month to visit the town as you will get to be a part of the famous Pushkar Camel Fair. A day in the town when it comes to accommodation and food will cost you around ₹1000-₹1500

7. Udaipur

If you are easily captivated by beautiful lakes and fairytale-like palaces, then this is the place to be. Nestled in the rich luscious hills of the Aravalli range, Udaipur has attracted a lot of tourists over the years not only because of its enchanting surroundings but because of how affordable it is. The minimum amount you can spend in a day for lodging and food will come up to around ₹1000-1500 which you can share.

8. Itanagar

budget Friendly Holiday Destinations in India, Itanagar — Image – Wikimedia

This is the capital of the ever so beautiful Arunachal Pradesh. It is known for the famous Ziro Festival of Music, its scenic beauty, beautiful mountains, its plethora of orchids and the Indian Hornbill. This can be reached by train, flight and also by road as long as you are in the NorthEast region of India. The average cost of stay and food will round up to ₹2000.

9. McLeod Ganj

This place has the cutest nickname one could imagine; it’s called the Little Lhasa. Over the years, people from all over the world have sought this place out for its tranquility and spirituality that envelops the place. It caters to both the adventurous and intellectual aspect of a person. The average cost of food and lodging rounds up to around ₹800-₹1000 per day.

10. Nainital

This popular budget destination is known as the Lake District and is surrounded by seven hills that cradle this beautiful hill station and provides the required beauty that every tourist destination needs. There is an abundance of pine, Oak and Deodar forests that only adds to the excitement of taking early morning walks and treks. And the average or approximate cost of accommodation and food for a day will cost you around ₹1000-₹1500.

So there you have it, the top ten budget friendly holiday destinations in India.

Please note that the pandemic is still amidst us so do your task of updating yourself with the rules and guidelines of each destination.

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